Peasants without land

How the allocation of Kuban farmers select

The black and yellow pierce under the blue sky: in some fields they remove the remains of corn, on the others the sowing winter. In the villages - new large houses behind high fences, in district centers - numerous shopping centers. At first glance, the Kuban makes a winning impression compared to the impoverished village of the middle strip. But, having talked with the locals, you notice the flip side of external well -being: remote poor farms, unemployment, business concentration in the hands of large concerns that do not stop in front of the raider seizures of land with the support of local courts. In August, 50 Krasnodar farmers moved to Moscow on tractors for a naive purpose - to tell the president about their difficulties. They were not allowed further than the Rostov region, and the organizers were appointed different terms of administrative arrest. Now they say that their problems were not only not resolved - the situation only worsened.

On September 26, employees of Kolos CJSC from the city of Timashevsk discovered the body of the 69-year-old director of the company Nikolai Gorban. As the relatives of the deceased told the lawyers before he shot, Gorban wrote a note by accusing the leadership of the local agricultural holding of the SK Oktyabr, in particular the founder of the company Oleg Makarevich. The lawyer Gorbany Sevinj Mammadova told Radio Liberty that his son Nikolai immediately turned to the noise around his father’s death, but the very next day the next day, already the very next day. He disappeared - he did not answer the calls of the RS.

They called him every day, made his way home in his absence, turned everything upside down, blackmail

The history of Nikolai Gorban is indicative of the Kuban, where large agricultural holdings press on private farmers. In the early 1990s, the lands of collective farms and state farms were distributed between employees. New peasants often did not intend to process it on their own and transferred the right to use commercial structures - for a rental fee in the form of cereals, sugar and sunflower oil. The battle for these shares did not subside in the Kuban from the very collapse of the USSR. Most of the Earth went to large business, in particular, AGROKOMPLEKS company JSC named after N.I. Tkachev ", which belongs to the family of the former governor of the Krasnodar Territory, and now the Minister of Agriculture Alexander Tkachev and his brother, the deputy of the State Duma from" United Russia "by Alexei Tkachev. Nikolai Tkachev, whose name is the deceased father of the brothers. According to some reports, of the 3.9 million hectares of arable land in the Krasnodar Territory in the Krasnodar Territory, 500 thousand ha are processed by companies, they are processed by companies, company. which are controlled by the Tkachev family.

LLC "SK" Oktyabr, with which Nikolai Gorban did not find a common language, does not compare with the weaver companies - the company's website indicates that it processes only 16 thousand hectares. The scheme is standard: according to Sevinj Mamedova, at the beginning of this year, October redeemed several shares in the areas where Gorban worked, they began to squeeze it, demanding that he retard The rest of the land was called every day, made his way home in his absence, turned everything upside down, blackmail him-they supposedly had some kind of compromising evidence. But I assure you, there was no serious compromising evidence, ”the lawyer says.

Alexander Tkachev at a meeting with the inhabitants of Krymsk, who suffered from a flood, 2012

The same Sevinj Mammadova protects the interests of the neighboring Kalinin district, which suffered from Makarevich's appetites. In 2016, the October Association ended with lease agreements with shareholders for a total area of about 5.4 thousand hectares. The owners of the shares were waiting for this to transfer the land to local farmers who offer the best conditions: “October from October, shareholders receive products for 5-7 thousand rubles a year, and farmers pay up to 35 thousand rubles for the same areas,” Mammadova explains. “In addition, farmers bring everything home, and“ October ”gives food from December 31 and only to workers and only to workers in workers. Days from the night take the turn: you will not have time to get grain, they will pay rent with money for which you can’t buy a kilogram of sugar. ” But it was not easy to break the contract: the shareholders were surprised to learn that the October unilaterally extended the contract for 30 years. Sevinj Mamedova has already tried three times to file lawsuits against agricultural holding, but the local court methodically rejects them on formal grounds.

“Makarevich generally does what he wants,” the farmer Alexei Volchenko says. “He bought the land around our sections, transferred public road to private ownership and advises us or transfer our shares to him, or buy helicopters. I’ve been making my way to my land. The courts have been covering all this. In 2006, I demanded three years to allocate land from the overall array, which I relyed on, which I relyed on. The court simply did not consider my father for two years, they broke my head, set it on my house.

Go to Putin

A similar story with shareholders, which the tenant does not let go, happened 300 km from the lands of Makarevich - in the village of Stusty Labinsky district, a small village with poor stone huts, where 1,000 residents of 1000 pensioners. 147 Stanichniki decided to withdraw their share from companies, one way or another affiliated with the Pokrovsky concern, two of which were in the process of bankruptcy. According to the residents of the village, local farmers not only give them more products, but their quality is much better. “There is wet sugar, the oil is runaway, the grain is bad,” Nina Koptseva complains, who worked on the collective farm with her husband since 1967. “We decided to get away from them! And they don’t let it go! But we will fight to the last. We, if necessary, go to Kondratyev ( Veniamin Kondratyev is the governor of the Krasnodar Territory. Come on! ”The woman who was broken by rheumatism, holding on to the lower back.

Nina Kopseva from the village is stubborn

Last year, the stubborn shareholders held the meeting, highlighting their share from the general array, but the tenants through the court canceled this decision: the stanniki complied with the requirements of the federal law, announcing the meeting in the local newspaper, but did not comply with the instructions of the by -laws - the decisions of the Krai administration, which demanded to publish an announcement in the regional press. “In similar cases, the courts usually take the side of the defendant: the tenant says that he did not know about the meeting, but even if he participated, he could not affect the result. But not in our case,” says farmer Andrei Ovechkin.

Farmer Andrey Ovechkin, Labinsk

During the trial, a real war unfolded in the stubbornly. Either the representatives of the agricultural firm will come to remove someone else's crop, and the stanitsa will rush to protect their native land. Then the bailiffs with armed to the teeth are suddenly announced in disputed areas in order to expel local farmers from there. “The authorities say that large concerns are beneficial to the state because they give jobs and pay more taxes,” Ovechkin argues. “But 10 people work on the stubborn to the“ Pokrovsky ”, the rest come from other areas. At the same time, only I have 9 people, although my land is an order of magnitude less!”

The judicial disputes have not yet been completed, but for a while the farmers managed to reach a compromise: for example, Andrei Ovechkin still pays a rental fee, and at the same time, companies that rent it from the same people and submit it to the sublease.

Paper suffering

There are deceived, offended farmers in every area of the region. Most are not ready to talk with the press, but also those who desperate, a lot. They come to a meeting with the metropolitan guests in shabby jackets and polished boots, brush off the threshold of fat Black Earth, hold folders with documents in hardened hands, look with hope and distrust: will there be any sense? Eternal peasant deputies from the depths of centuries who ask for one - land. “We are the stills,” they say with the southern accent. “We do not need subsidies, do not need help from the state. We do not want politics, let us work calmly.”

Farmers of the Pavlovsky district Nikolai Ermak and Viktor Zelensky plowed in their plots since 1997, and all this time the administration tried to take away the land from them, but the courts took them to their side: they did not violate the lease. Ermak had 58 hectares of arable land, Zelensky had 172 hectares. In the summer of 2014, even before the end of the contracts, both received notifications from the district administration that they would not extend the contract with them, although the Civil Code gave them a preemptive right to extend. The farmers did not have time to come to their senses, a new owner had already appeared on Earth - a certain Andrei Koltsin, who in personal conversations seemed to be an adviser to the then governor of the Krasnodar Territory Alexander Tkachev, as well as an assistant to his brother, deputy Alexei Tkachev. It was not possible to contact the weaver to confirm this information. At the same time, the site of Ermak was issued to the wife of Koltsin Tatyana, and the site of Zelensky on his elderly mother.

Farmer Victor Zelensky, Pavlovsky district

Farmers began to write to the prosecutor’s office, to the Legislative Assembly of the region, in the FAS and the FSB, and the last two departments found violations in the actions of the head of the administration of the district of Alexei Melnikov, who even had a criminal case. But the farmers themselves did not reach the court: "Serdyukova ( First Deputy Head of the Department of Property Relations of the Krasnodar Territory Elena Serdyukova. - Approx.) Drown us, said that we did not need to worry, the Department itself will sue Koltsin," says Nikolai Ermak. The Department really filed claims and even won, contracts with his wife and mother Koltsin were recognized as null and void, and the land returned to the state, but only it may not go to farmers. “They will put it up for auction, and Koltsin will buy it! We have no money to compete with him,” Victor Zelensky complains. “Now we found out whether it is possible to write statements about extension of the lease, Serdyukova answered that if we write, the land is immediately put up for auction. I don’t know that they are chemical there.”

All this time, Koltsin’s employees worked in selected areas. In 2014, Yermak and Zelensky achieved the reception of the then first deputy Krasnodar governor Jambulat Khatuov. “He called Koltsin and ordered the land to free the land for six days,” says Zelensky. “I was delighted, sowed wheat. And in the spring, his people arrived, plowed my wheat and sowed corn. It was the day after the decision of the appeal, which recognized his agreement invalid. Now he is collecting corn, and we are sitting at a broken trough. After all, we were fed from this land.

Entrepreneur Alexander Koval next to an unfinished hotel and a moor. Pavlovsky district

Another story with an unexpected re -registration of the Earth is associated with the name of Andrei Koltsin. Pavlovsky businessman Alexander Koval bought an old pumping station on the banks of the Sosiki River and began to build a hotel for 10 rooms with a restaurant and a boats of his own manufacturing. When about 30 million rubles were already spent on construction, Koval suddenly found out that the coastal strip was transferred to agricultural land, and the tenant near the shore is still the same Natalya Koltsin, to which the field was also designed next to the disputed site. The next field belongs to the agricultural holding of the weavers. “It turns out that my building is surrounded by someone else's land. But the 65th article of the Water Code prohibits plowing land in the water protection zone. And in general look, there is only one reed,” says Koval, demonstrating the crumpled shore of the sunshine. "I cleaned the river so that it was possible to swim along it, cleared the landfill, which was on the shore, and now I have to give everything?!" According to the entrepreneur, Koltsin invited him to sell the building, but he is ready to sue to the last, but for now, together with his wife, he lives in a trailer next to the unfinished building - protects from raiders.

Entrepreneurs Alexander and Lidia Koval, Pavlovsky district

Settings in the siege

Similar methods were deprived of the land and Andrei Zelensky from the village of Staronizhenstelievskaya, Krasnoarmeysky district-a noisy, strong 40-year-old man, in the past-champion-treasure, at home there are cups won by quiet teenagers at sports competitions. Zelensky, along with Brother -handed man, and another partner bought 16 hectares of land with outbuildings, where he held about 90 heads of livestock - cows and horses. The partner at some point took advantage of the ties in the administration, issued the land on himself, and then died in a car accident. His wife was transferred to the site of Grigory Gorodetsky - the father of the secretary of the Krasnoarmeysky District Court Andrei Gorodetsky, according to rumors - for help in lawsuit with a father -in -law for the husband's inheritance. As a result, Zelensky calfs were surrounded by someone else's land, on which the court secretary, according to some reports, is going to build either a summer house, or a recreation center, but not for himself, but for judges. "Vasin ( head of the municipality of the Krasnoarmeysky district Yuri Vasin.-Approx.) Tells me:" If you have cows, open the KFH ( peasant farm farming.-Approx.) That I have two hectares on the cow by the law, and now they will give me these 12 hectares, "says Andrei Zelensky, desperately swearing. - Well, I run, open the KFH, then back to Vasin. And he found out that this Gorodetsky land took, he felt his head and said: "No, we have already given it. You will not be, Andryukha, the earth. How will I contact the court? They will roll me."

Farmer Andrey Zelensky, Krasnoarmeysky district

Zelensky’s brother turned the cow business, and Andrei himself scored a part of the cattle, and the remains hids on the field under the village: “I will forget what to do? They will keep it badly - they steal. They come by car, chop it in half along the ridge and pipets. I saw it. She runs, and they are with an ax. For two cows,” says Andrei, who does not intend to be further. There were squeezed Crimea that they were my calfs? " To the question of what will do next, shrugs: "I will go to Ukraine. To the militia. Or do you think the Americans will bomb us earlier?"

Fake -haired ones

Farmers Natalya and Nikolai Pozdnyakov next to his poultry farm. Kurgansky district

Natalia and Nikolai Pozdnyakov from the village of Rodnikovskaya Kurganinsky district are sitting by the fireplace in a European elegant house. On one side of the house is a poultry farm, on the other - plowing. In addition to the purchased land, the Pozdnyakov since 1998 worked for 71 ha rented by the administration, but in 2012 new tenants suddenly appeared on this site-a deputy of the Rodnikovsky rural settlement Sergey Katyshev and his brother Andrei.

Pozdnyakov received such a letter to the Farmers of the Pozdnyakovs in 2011. The Pozdnyakov filed a lawsuit, demanding to remove the United Russia from the elections, but lost. Most farmers of the Kurganinsky district made their contributions.

The law granted Pozdnyakov the pre-emptive right to extend the lease, but the administration sent them a letter with a notification of termination of the contract and conducted auction, releasing ... a two-two newspaper. “Farmers paid tribute to the administration to renew the contract - 10 thousand per hectare,” Natalya says in an amazingly correct Russian: she worked for 20 years by the teacher. “We would have to pay 710 thousand. But we don’t give bribes. My grandfather died for this land so as not to bend before the invaders!” Natalya tells how she went to the prosecutor’s office with a real newspaper, but there she was demonstrated by another copy with an announcement of her site, divided into two lots. The Pozdnyakovs challenged the termination of the lease in court and even won it, but the writ of execution did not want to accept it anywhere. “The bailiffs took it, signed it, but didn’t even register,” farmers recall. “We then sued the bailiffs, but we already lost this court.”

Annexation of dawn

If in other cases faced with RS, shareholders and farmers fight agricultural companies or local elites, then in the village of Novotitarovskaya Dinsky district, the collective farm land attracted ... to the Ministry of Defense. The Dawn collective farm on the farm of Karl Marx in 1992 was transformed into Dawn JSC, and, as in other cases, its land was divided between 1996 employees of the collective farm. However, as pensioners recall, then nothing has changed: they just hung a new sign. In 1996, in the midst of the Chechen war, the collective farm received an offer from the Ministry of Defense: to transfer land to the military, which would provide for the market. АО "Рассвет" превратилось в Федеральное казенное сельхозпредприятие "Рассвет", имущественные и земельные паи были переданы "для дальнейшего их использования в сельскохозяйственном производстве". Впрочем, договор с Минобороны подписали лишь 11 пайщиков – на основании доверенностей, которых никто не видел и ни один нотариус не заверял. Более того, общее собрание 1996 года было проведено с нарушениями: согласно документам, в нем приняло участие больше 600 человек, хотя колхозный клуб вмещал лишь 300, а в числе участников были люди, умершие за два-три года до собрания. В 1997 году глава администрации Динского района подписывает постановление о передаче паев "в ведение" Минобороны: часть "на период нахождения их в Министерстве обороны", часть в аренду на 22 года, а часть в аренду на три года. На основании этого постановления в 2005 году земля переходит в собственность Российской Федерации, а в 2009-м приватизируется и оказывается на балансе скандального ОАО "Оборонсервис", которое в 2012-м продает ее структурам Олега Дерипаски. Колхозники остаются лишь с документами на собственность, которая уже принадлежит другим, да получают счета на налоги, которые исправно платят: в противном случае инспекция удерживает деньги из их зарплат и пенсий.

Пайщица Татьяна Белоус в здании недостроенного колхозного детского сада, станица Новотитаровская Динского района

Все эти годы пайщики "Рассвета" судятся за свою землю, обращаются во всевозможные органы, от Госдумы до ФСБ, последняя даже провела проверку, выяснив, что созданное ФКЗП "Рассвет" не платило ни арендной платы пайщикам, ни налогов, а также не отчитывалось о произведенной продукции и о том, кому и по каким ценам она сбывалась. Но судьям проверки ФСБ не указ: начиная с 2002 года суды неизменно принимают сторону новых владельцев, утверждая, что в далеком 1992 году колхозники передали свои паи в устав акционерного общества, потеряв право распоряжаться ими, а в 1996-м, передавая паи "в ведение" Министерства обороны, они тем самым "подразумевали" переход акций в собственность государства. Вот только в 1992 году закон предусматривал лишь три формы собственности: государственную, частную и коллективно-долевую, организации получили право обладать собственностью лишь годом позже, так что передать паи АО было невозможно. А в Гражданском кодексе никогда не было формы передачи чего бы то ни было "в ведение", да и как можно подразумевать что-то, что не написано на бумаге?

Колхозный клуб в станице Новотитаровская сгорел в 2015 г.

Пайщица Татьяна Белоус, как и десятки других кубанцев, перебирает аккуратно сложенные бумаги, рассказывая, каким зажиточным был "Рассвет" в советское время: 1200 голов скота, 1800 свиней, куры, пчелы. Сегодня от былого богатства осталась лишь пашня, которую обрабатывают заезжие работники, а станичники вынуждены искать места в Краснодаре. Сама Белоус, директор детского сада, потомок казацких атаманов, уже выиграла одно большое дело в своей жизни: отсудила дом, который принадлежал ее предкам, отобранный во времена коллективизации. Получится ли у нее вернуть и землю, выкупленную Дерипаской?