Translated material
Pity, people, executioners
Was it worth publishing the names of the Chekists and should their descendants publicly repent?
Yesterday, the Memorial Society was published by Andrei Zhukov’s reference book “ The personnel of the state security bodies of the USSR. 1935-1939 ”-a database of about 40 thousand employees of the NKVD. The new newspaper dubbed this site " Wikipediy executioners ."
For many years, the Memorial collected the names of the victims of repression.
Now, finally, the names of the executioners are named.
Those who arrested and tortured, tormented and killed, made up false accusations and knocked out the necessary testimonies.
The vast majority of them were not punished for their atrocities.
And they ended their life in complete confidence that they would remain in the memory of descendants with respected and respectable people.
The Memorial destroyed the wall: the names of the executioners are named.
Yes, the Stalin executioners can no longer be punished - but it is possible and should be remembered.
I think that the publication of these lists is one of the important milestones of our time. Maybe this will make the spiritual heirs of the NKVD workers think about the meaning and nature of their work. Everyone was satisfied with the "organs" voluntarily, and it was often necessary to leave the service, not of his own free will and the crown of his career was the grave organized by colleagues and friends.
Simple truths say that “everything secret becomes obvious”, “not a swarm of another pit” and many others are often forgotten, but in vain. Remember and think is very useful.)
The discussion about whether it is worth turning the Soviet past and pulling into the light of God the names of the performers and victims of the era of large terror, it lasts in social networks all week - the start of it was laid by publications about Denis Karagodin, who managed to find members of the team who shot him great -grandda.
Dichotomy. There is no paradise without hell. There are no victims without an executioner. As soon as they began to call the victims, the executioners began to appear.
"Memorial" published the names of 40 thousand executioners of the NKVD. Even if each of them killed only one person per day, they laid 15 miles in a year.
- Our Canada (@nashacanada) November 25, 2016
The signal to everyone who today serves in state security authorities, catches terrorists, saves hostages, eliminates the gang underground, prevents terrorist attacks, who, having received their wounds and awards, has already retired. This is a message to you, men. Someday the same or the same "memorial" will make a similar list from your names.
The logic of opponents of the publication of the lists of Soviet executioners is amazing. They say why, they have died anyway, and now this is the whole society will split.
Guys, how to explain to you. The Soviet government even under Khrushchev began the process of rehabilitation. Not under Gorbachev and Yeltsin, but under Khrushchev, who, by the way, was guilty of himself in the Novocherkassk execution, say, that is, the uncle was not at all herbivore. And no split of society happened, although you have no doubt that there were people, many people who believed that these same victims of repression spies and traitors. What did Khrushchev and then power do? They simply spat on those who think so. Made such a political decision. And no split of society happened, can you imagine?
What does rehabilitation mean? This means that people were repressed illegally, that is, criminal and the state officially recognized this at all under Yeltsin and "advisers from the CIA", who were found somewhere by professional Russians. Accordingly, people who repressed rehabilitated are criminals with names and surnames. What are the reasons for hiding the names of criminals? Let’s then hide the names of current criminals so that there is no split of society. Here Vasilyeva stole something, but we will not say, because we said and public hatred arose to her.
Yes, the victims and executioners died. But this does not cancel the fact that both of those and others have the names and surnames that you need to know.
Yes, we have a lot of descendants of the executioners, probably, the executioners themselves are alive in some places, and for them this publication, of course, is very “sensitive”. In addition, our power itself is frankly Chekist, and the publication of such materials cannot but cause its alertness. "Memorial" well done, but you need to move on. Why is it necessary to limit ourselves to only the "era of great terror"? By the way, where did this come from, to put it mildly, an inaccurate concept? Was the era of red terror less "large -scale" in terms of massacres? As I understand it: what the "memorial" did is only the beginning, the people have the right to know the names of the creators of the Bolshevik genocide not only in the range of 1935-39, but since 1917-18. Shouldn't the Chekists who carried out, say, genocide in the Tambov region? And why is the upper bar offered by the "memorial" of Pravda indicated in 1939? It is high time to know by eagerly those who are already in the next, 1940, shot Polish officers in Katyn! We also want to know the names of those who conducted deportations in the occupied Baltic states, suppressed the Ukrainian national liberation movement. Probably, many of them are still alive, and their children hold great posts? But after all, this is the real, not a dosed truth, begins. More light!
Soon after the publication of the base, the Memorial website stopped responding to requests.
The server does not cope - the site is lying. The whole country wants to know the family story.
The collapse of the site dedicated to the staff of the NKVD and the events of 1935-1939 can have two reasons. First: the descendants of the victims rushed there to find out at least some details about the death of their relatives and even if not in life, not on the street, not in court, but at least on the screen of the display to point a finger at the executioner: "Here he is, the one who tormented and killed!" The second possible reason for the collapse of the site is that the country has forces and organizations that, in any case, never, under any circumstances, do not want to point a finger at the executioner.
1. The base of the Chekists on the site "Memorial" fell from the number of requests.
2. Dmitry Peskov commented on the publication of data on the NKVD executioners in the spirit that this is "a sensitive topic on which there are different opinions." It makes him in short.
In my opinion, the best evidence of the importance and need of this wonderful project cannot be.
RBC transfers the words of the presidential press secretary as follows:
The topic is very sensitive. It is obvious that many opinions diverge here, there are diametrically opposite points of view, and both of them are very reasoned
Presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov called it a “sensitive theme”, the opinions on which they diverge.
Of course, they diverge. Some shot, others shot. Here are the opinions and divided. As they say, "but there is a nuance."
Opinions diverge, then? That is, let's respect the opinion of comrades who believe that the NKVD during the years of repressions are big fellows? And this opinion is "very reasoned" even? I would like Peskov, not hiding his eyes to the floor, he himself informed us about these weighty arguments.
Suppose Putin will leave. Or they will beat him. So, while the "opposite points of view" on the Stalinist and not only Stalinist repressions will be encouraged, the fall in the abyss cannot be stopped. History will still punish this country and this people. It will hurt.
As the science of demonology teaches us to gain power over demons, the exorcist should call demons by names. While the demon is unnamed, he is omnipotent, but barely the exorcist calls his true name, as the demon loses all his black power. And, accordingly, the demon will go to anything, if only they would not recognize him or name him, he will deceive, lie, threaten and even scribble articles in the newspaper Tomorrow.
Mikhail Kharitonov had a collection of articles to “drive the devils”, and the work of Denis Karagodin can be represented as “Devils”.
And he called it. And the devils, for 90 years, who has been rising over our homeland, were jerking off, and witches and witches, 90 years kissing them under the goat tails, began to let the foam, scribble posts, publicly hysteria and could not calm down for a day. And when the devil called the "Memorial", having released the database from 40,000 names of the NKVD employees, then not small Facebook beads were delayed, here, one of the princes of hell Peskov began to speak, tapping his claws on the Kremlin Parquet.
And one of the tasks of the Russian movement, of course, is to inspire all employees of the Soviet and non -Soviet hellish legions that everyone who pursuing good Russian people will be named sooner or later, and a shame, albeit late, will fall into their names, and none of the red demons and their descendants will remain in a pleasant, soothing darkness.
Light - there will be.
Will anyone give a link to the "reasoned opinion" against the existence of the list? What did Peskov mean?
Well, how can “split society”, “we must protect the descendants”, “personal data” and other heresy of the Stalinists, directed against the disclosure of the crimes of the past, do you not know :)
Yes, firstly, there were no repressions, secondly, they were arranged by Trotskyist agents, thirdly, without them there would be no great sex, fourthly, but prove that all repressed are completely innocent. The totalitarian consensus is inseparable from the historical.
Many of the opponents of the publication consider those who entered the lists unproven and guilt.
The country should know its "heroes"! But only after the court decision, which recognized them as criminals.
I lived, and suddenly it turns out that my relative served in the NKVD. And like garbage? And what is it - maybe he was honest! The worst thing is "maybe." And I'm already somehow shy. And I can no longer discuss those who have a relative like on the other side are repressed. And it doesn’t matter - for which they are repressed. The main thing is that there is already a crack. And playing, for example, by getting football, having received a leg, my friend in the fuse can say, "Here you are a bastard, Oleg, like your grandfather Empway." And then he will receive already in the head, and not in the leg. Then we will make peace. But the crack will remain. And if this has three people, then this is no longer a crack, but a crack. And thousands are a fault.
The Kremlin does not comment on the appearance on the website of the "Memorial" of the reference book with the names of the NKVD employees from the time of the Stalinist repressions of the second half of the 1930s.
And why, in fact, not to buy? Employees of the NKVD fought with the enemies of the country, died for its interests. They cleaned the power of shit like that today filled off offices like the Memorial. Today, there was darkness for the NKVD, one liberal vertical of power is worth it ...
The Minister of Culture also shared today's publication about heroic employees of the NKVD who defended the USSR in the Great Patriotic War on Twitter: the Minister of Culture:
Interesting and in fact - very true "Troops of the NKVD: Cursed, but not forgotten" https://t.co/og5anuz0ep
- Vladimir Medinsky (@Medinskiy_vr) November 24, 2016
Among those who consider the publication of the “anti -Soviet”, it is popular that the ancestors of the “memorial” wrote denunciations.
Why willn't the lists of sexots open? And because they, sexots, - they open the lists of the NKVD (by the way, I didn’t understand - what is there to “open”?! It was never secret. And then - what can you understand for them? Suppose you find a person by the name of Krylov Krylov, Konstantin Anatolyevich Krylov - his relative? Or I don’t understand something? :)).
Many commentators urge not to perceive data in the database so unambiguously.
Well, it began according to the reference book "The personnel of the state security bodies of the USSR. 1935–1939"
Here, Roma Zasikov writes: “Already by the one who has posted personal data on the network without the permission of relatives - you can already see whose ancestors wrote denunciations,” - yes your division - what are the personal data? Take the guide "Who led the NKVD. 1934–1941" - see how much data is there and how much in the new reference book.
There is nothing so terrible in the new reference book. As such, he is interesting to a very narrow circle of persons occupied by the history of special services.
The NKVD huge organization included the railway units and the hell knows that if someone guarded the warehouse does not mean someone who was guarded that the executioner.
The fact that published names can belong not only to those who tortured prisoners confirm the co -chair of the Memorial Ian Rachinsky in an interview with MK :
Some, perhaps, are afraid in this directory to find their relatives. But in general, you need to understand that this is data collected by formal basis. These are people who have received state security specials in the specified period. Of these, most of them, and I think that the vast majority was related to repression, falsification of affairs and torture. And there are people who are not involved in this. The lists have border guards, and doctors, and veterinarians who received the ranks of the NKVD orders and honorary titles of employees of the Cheka -GPU. And thus got into the reference. It is necessary to conduct research on each person and establish individual responsibility.
On the other hand, those who were not officers of the NKVD could take the most direct part in repressions. The Corporatelie.livejournal.com blog provides, for example, such a quote from the book “Stalinist terror in Siberia. 1928-1941 ”(Papkov S.A., Novosibirsk, Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1997):
The number of those arrested in 1938 was apparently much more than a year ago. The evidence of this is the fact that absolutely all employees of the NKVD, including maintenance personnel, were mobilized to participate in the operation. Even drivers took part in interrogations. The Major State Security Major said: "We have 12-15 cases in Stalin and Novosibirsk."
In one of the NKVD branches, Mariinsk was discovered that "the arrested was interrogated by the cleaning lady."
And on the contrary, officers or soldiers may be innocent:
More about repression.
There were a couple of cases when the Wehrmacht soldier, who was instructed to execute a criminal order on the execution of prisoners or Jews, refused to do this and was shot with them. Such a person is a hero and such an execution is criminal. This is obvious.
There were, perhaps, cases when the Wehrmacht soldier conscientiously shot the prisoners and then was shot for saying a joke about Hitler. Then the soldier is a criminal and his execution of criminal, he does not become justified by the slightest extent from the fact that the soldier actually committed a crime (but another, not the one for which he was killed).
To the question of whether the executions of the Chekists are criminal.
But, of course, it is difficult to assume that such a special forces of state security could be assigned to such rebels against the system - namely, the carriers of such titles were included in the list of Memorial.
The discussion flared up on the network about whether the descendants of the Chekists should ask for forgiveness from the descendants of the victims of repression.
Probably like this:
If my paternal grandfather is Moses (Mikhail) Borukhovich (Borisovich) Vrubel, who worked in the Stalin time in the NKVD and the Gulag system, caused someone illegal, unfair and irreparable harm to someone, then among their actions, their relatives and heirs, I apologize, from the whole heart and on behalf of our entire family.
“And so all the descendants of the executioners should do” [ask for forgiveness from the relatives of the people they had shot]-someone on Facebook wrote. BRRR. I’m not only in a terrible dream I don’t want to ask me for forgiveness, an innocent son, grandson, great-granddaughter of people who shot my great-grandfathers. I consider this an absolutely false and immoral message. Each person is free to experience the sins of his relatives in their own way. This does not make him involved more than any of us, and does not give any right to society, nor individual people to expect repentance and apologies for not a crime committed.
Dear and respected (as well as disrespectful and cheap) descendants of the executioners!
Different people read me, suddenly you too.
I want as a great-grandson of a person whom your ancestors tried to kill, by the way, without success, and indeed, for example, because he himself had already lived a certain life and understood something in it, turn to you with simple words.
Firstly, I, and other descendants of the victims, have no special rights. This is an important topic worthy of a long conversation, we just fix it. Everyone has the same rights.
Secondly, your repentance is a voluntary matter, and perhaps even commendable, but the sins of your grandfathers are not your sins.
Thirdly, you have every right to love your ancestors. My grandfather did not work with a executioner, but by firefighters, but his character was quite palack, and not having the opportunity to self -realize for outsiders, grandfather tyrannit his own family. But I still loved him, and now I love, rest, Lord, his violent soul.
Just try not to kill anyone yourself. And ideally - also to work to ensure that the country has never needed massively people with the talents of your grandfathers.
That, in fact, is all.
In my opinion, it should not be a question of asking the descendants of the victims of political repressions for his grandfather, cousin, uncle or one of the relatives who served in the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD-MGB participated in the implementation of IPolitical repressions. The point is that the society is waiting for their descendants to publicly condemn the participation of their relatives in the implementation of political repression .. Many Germans did the same - they condemned the participation of their parents and grandfathers in the crimes of the Nazis. См., например, книгу Норберт и Стефан Леберты "Судьбы детей известных нацистов", Мюнхен, 2000 г., перевод на русский 20005 г. Кажется, только Гудрун Бурвиц (урожденная Гиммлер) не осудила действия своего отца.Мы ведь и ты тоже осуждаем участие сотрудников НКВД в пытках, арестах, фальсификации доказательств, расстрелах и т.д., когда они не наши родственники? Почему же для родственников можно делать исключение?
Несколько раз встречал сегодня в ленте измышлизмы о том, что мол не стоит потомкам жертв сталинского террора педалировать темупалачей, вообще надо “простить, забыть и отпустить” тему личной ответственности за террор… Понятно, что тема спровоцирована иском Дениса Карагодина. Я не считаю, что живых палачей стоит в их 85, по минимуму, судить лично. Не вижу у такой темы перспективы. Но такие самозабвенные призывы забыть собственную, относительно недавнюю историю… Поклонники исторической лоботомии, вы поразительны!
Замечательный бульон намутили с этим "примирением" потомков жертв с потомками палачей. Отлично пойдёт с главным блюдом -- безнаказанностью. Его, конечно, подадут холодным.
У самого челюсти сводит от банальности зла, но, как говорили у нас в песочнице, "приятно подавиться".
По поводу публикации "списков палачей" и преследования их потомков небольшая семейная история:
Насколько я знаю, у нас в семье серьезным репрессиям (то есть расстрелу) был подвергнут только брат моего прадеда Андрей Степанович Выдрин - по совокупности - как сын депутата первой Государственной Думы, брат воевавшего на стороне белых полковника царской армии (прадед мой погиб в 1918 году, и его судили уже иным, более высоким, чем "тройка", судом) и министр юстиции в правительстве белоказачьего атамана Дутова.
Причём подержался он очень долго - в 20-е годы от ЧК и ГПУ спасало фото в обнимку с Владимиром Ульяновым, с которым они вместе учились в Казанском университете. Когда начали сажать "старых большевиков" и фото с Лениным стало уже отягчающим обстоятельством, уехал к дочери в Москву, и она всем говорила, что это её "дядя". Вот её муж и сдал его в НКВД. А через год и его самого расстреляли, как пособника. Мне мама говорила его фамилию, но я забыл. Нет ни малейшего желания искать ни его потомков, ни потомков тех, кто расстреливал моего родственника.
В ответственность следующих поколений мы если и верили, то до Нового завета, а с покойниками Господь решит.
А вот архивы, конечно же, надо открыть, как можно шире. В этом я, как историк по первому образованию, убеждён. А уж кто и как их использует - ну так некоторые могут и телескопом гвозди забивать.
Скажу несколько слов в связи с новым витком дискуссий о советских репрессиях, их участниках, покаянии и примирении. Я давно интересуюсь преодолением последствий государственного насилия юридическими средствами и не могу не смотреть на тему репрессий с юридической точки зрения. Что, на мой взгляд, забывается при почти каждом ее обсуждении:
1. Невозможно в принципе говорить о покаянии и примирении (если вообще стоит переводить это сугубо личное дело в общественную плоскость), пока в полной мере не раскрыты сведения о политических репрессиях, их организаторах и исполнителях. Сейчас дело доходит до анекдотических случаев: родственники репрессированных сотрудников НКВД-МГБ подают заявления о реабилитации, суд им отказывает, нередко переквалифицирует вынесенный им приговор со шпионажа или прочей заведомой фантастики на злоупотребление властью (что означает, что приговоренные советским судом чекисты, по мнению современного российского суда, действительно совершали преступления), но судебные решения не публикуются. В результате мы даже не знаем, какие реальные преступления совершал Ежов, Ягода или какой-нибудь Яков Агранов.
2. Раскрыть имена тех, кто причастен к репрессиям, важно не только для восстановления прав жертв и предотвращения подобных преступлений в будущем, но и для проверки слухов о доносчиках, которые попали в семейные истории и мемуары и продолжают бесчестить людей и после их смерти (это, кстати, был один из важных аргументов за люстацию в тех странах, где она была проведена).
3. Мало открыть архивы, необходимо официальное расследование наиболее серьезных преступлений, совершенных коммунистическим режимом. Не заведомо абсурдный "трибунал над Сталиным" (как можно судить мертвого?), а именно расследование, призванное дать обществу полную картину механизма совершенных государством преступлений, их организаторов и исполнителей.
4. Мало провести расследование; нужно прекратить увековечение памяти лиц, причастных к политическим репрессиям, в форме памятников и топонимов.
5. Не нужно забывать, что политические репрессии в СССР прекратились не в 56-м году, а 1986-м. Их участники и сейчас могут быть живы и здоровы. Российская Конституция и международное право позволяют, например, расследовать советскую карательную психиатрию как преступление против человечности и привлечь к уголовной ответственности его участников.
Разумеется, это программа-максимум, имеющая лишь отдаленное отношение к современной политической действительности. Но прежде чем спорить о том, как правильно каяться и примиряться, нужно ее выполнить хотя бы частично.
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Alya Ponomareva
Social Networks Editor Radio Liberty