Translated material
Culture of fear
How are the traditional values and causing physical pain related
The gender history in Russia develops in a strange way. It seems that Soviet women who have received a double, if not triple (given the revolution and war), I have been wearing it, since then they have been meekly and carry it. Unlike Europeans and Americans, who are actively defending their female interests, Russians prefer a family, even drawn focus, public activity.
The Soviet woman had to emancipate not even of her own free will, but due to political and economic reasons, however, unlike the Bolsheviks, she failed to take advantage of the moment and equally share power with men. What is understandable, especially now, when there is international experience - where there is a comparable percentage of women in government, democracy is flourishing, while the totalitarian regime remains male.
When the vast majority of State Duma deputies supported the removal of the word “beatings” - “in relation to close persons” from the 116th article of the Criminal Code, it sounded as a confession: yes, I admit that one day I can hit my wife or child.
Six months have not passed since the adoption of the law, in which it was written that for the "causing physical pain" to a loved one threatens up to two years in prison. In a situation of social insecurity and police indifference, this measure could bring a significant result, but we will not know about this. How we do not recognize the present number of cases of domestic violence, since the Russian traditional family is a patriarchal, in which, as you know, may the wife of her husband be afraid of. And the matter here is not at all in Christianity, but in the propaganda of the Russian Orthodox Church, where, for example, it is believed that "the child does not harm the child for educational purposes of physical punishment by parents or (with their consent) should not be qualified as" beatings "in the sense stipulated by the norms of criminal and administrative law."
You do not have to be a psychologist to understand that the child’s physical impact is preferred in any dispute will prefer to verbal, and will defend his own truth with fists. According to UNESCO report, over the past month, 34% of students aged 11 to 13 announced mockery and intimidation that they were subjected to school, of which 8% explained that this is happening to them every day. (In the report "Violence and intimidation by peers at the school: the global report on the situation" was analyzed by the data of 19 countries with low and medium income).
How are the traditional values and causing physical pain related
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0:00 0:01:24What to do with deviant behavior?
A public opinion survey conducted in 2016, in which 100 thousand young people from 18 countries took part, said that 25% were mocked due to their appearance, 25% due to gender or sexual orientation and 25% due to ethnic or national origin.
Most young people - both offended and offenders, receive the first experience of manifestation of aggression in childhood, from the home environment. On the page of the rally against family violence, which was not allowed to conduct on Bolotnaya Square, the stories of people were published, and most of them are associated with childhood.
-When I studied in the sixth grade, I had two new wonderful friends, the sisters-hits who have just been transferred to our school, to my class. Once in the eighth grade, the eldest of the sisters came to school with a bruise under the eye. She laughed and joked, said that she had fallen and hit. Then she only told me that my father raised his hand not to her mother, but to her daughter - for the first time. After that (and only after that! And not after many years of torture over herself), the mother decided to rent an apartment in another city and go there with the children.
- My stepfather was still hooked on drugs. Now, over 40, we became 6. We became 6, now 22. He had a child with his mother, during the time of residence, my younger brother, a fifth grader now.
Without knowing the story, my stepfather can be mistaken for a pleasant and polite man. And no one knows that we have suffered all these years.
- Many years ago, my grandmother took out a neighbor from a loop who no longer had the strength to endure the beatings of her husband. Beating to partial loss of vision. He often drank to everything, having drunk became aggressive, even beat children. They had three daughters. One at that time was very small.
None of the stories published said that the police had arrived and the offender had been punished. The state policy of non -interference in the family life of citizens actually turns into home totalitarianism, and he, in turn, crosses the school threshold, then to return to society.
What women will do
Irina Kosterina , coordinator of the gender program of the branch of the Fund named after Heinrich Bullya Irina Kosterina:
- In Russia, two programs are currently operating: one is called the “Family Development Program until 2025”, the other is “Development of demographic policy”. According to these documents, it is very clearly visible that the family is now perceived in the most traditional way. There is a return to form when spouses and children must negotiate themselves, and the state should not intervene. This is the discourse of the previous, Soviet generation.
Russia is a very patriarchal country, the public role of a man is important here. The situation, however, changed somewhat in the 90s, when women became the main economic agents of the family, earned money. Another thing is that in rhetoric it is still preserved. Russian women themselves do not want to publicly declare who is the current leader in the family.
I would say that there is a hierarchy that exists in rhetoric, and there is a hierarchy that exists in practice. Often these are very different things. Russian politicians are terribly far from the people, they do not understand what is happening in society, do not understand how it is arranged, what is happening there. There is an Russian Orthodox Church, which actively lobbies the traditional values and non -interference in the family, they hear it, but there are no living people. There are simply no intelligible strong voices that contradict this ideology in the State Duma.
On the other hand, the right turn or conservative turn occurs not only in Russia and in America, but also in Europe. This is due to the advent of the right in great politics and in the disappointment of people in liberal values. People see that there are contradictions between the words of politicians about freedom, human rights and a real life, where there are many vulnerable groups, strong discrimination, etc.
In Russia, it seems to me that now there is a need for society to discuss violence. The summer flash mob is a very serious precedent, albeit Facebook. Society showed that it is ready to talk on this topic, ready to raise questions of violence. And the old discourse of silence-they say, they themselves will figure it out, hits, which means that people do not agree with him, now you need to build a different relationship.
Why do you have to go to a rally against domestic violence
- However, after the adoption of the law, as experts, lawyers and specialists working in crisis centers for women predict, violence will grow. What will women do? Probably nothing. Because in Russia the culture of fear is very strong. There is violence around and no one protects. Already many generations have grown up with this sensation. Unfortunately, we are all forced to cope with this situation ourselves, not believing either in support of the state or in support of the neighbors, if something happens. There is no confidence, there are no important social guarantees what to do, where to go.
For 20 years, Russian women, activists, NPO employees lobbied for the adoption of a law on domestic violence, we really needed it, since Russia is a country with an incredibly high level of domestic violence. And we could not cope with this violence with old means, a paragraph from the Constitution, articles in the Criminal Code and in the family. And now this is also canceled, although it is known that the preventive force of the Criminal Code is much stronger than the preventive force of the administrative code. After all, as we know, there are very few women as a result to the police - they simply do not believe that someone will protect them.
Cooperation and aggression
Marina Butovskaya , ethologist
- From an ethological point of view, a person passes through certain periods during which he must prove himself in terms of dominance, advance in the hierarchy. This begins for 8 years, when the boys, if they do not stop them, can engage in bullying unconsciously, but at 10 years they already use this tool quite consciously and manipulate others.
Since I am engaged in school violence, I was interested in the question - but, in fact, is bulging in traditional societies? We are talking about industrial societies all the time and think that this is due to separation and anonymity, but I was surprised to find the same bullying in traditional society even in those groups of children who do not go to a common school. Obviously, here we need to say that any society creates a situation where violence becomes possible, it simply does not notice it or for some reason is encouraged.
The initial intergroup conflicts were, oddly enough, aimed at intra -group consolidation - in order to understand how reliable the comrade is to feel the feeling of the elbow. Therefore, cooperation and aggression outside always went hand in hand. The elders taught the younger rules of conduct, and if the younger ones violated these rules or mocked someone, the elders stopped them. This worked because there was a sense of self -significance, status and responsibility.
Everyone hate each other
Sergey Yenikolopov , psychologist:
- If you look at society, then it is always hierarchical. People strive to take some position, confirm it. We believe that this is quite normal - who has wider stripes, who has a car with a flashing light, who has a palace behind the fence. A person reaches something, and he must externally demonstrate it. In other words, there is a spontaneous desire to take their place, however, it is precisely the children who are educated by the family are chosen by the aggressive way of achieving the goal. Moreover, these children always fall out of the control of teachers. They are cute, good. And when teachers are reported, and you know, this type of all terrorizes, he says: "It cannot be! He is the most decent, the best!"
Why are fights needed? Residents of Yekaterinburg respond
- And if earlier in the yard there was a vertical, age -related socialization, now a person comes to school and he has only horizontal communication. This means that none of the elders will intercede for him, but he will be able to cut the younger ones with impunity. Nobody will ever turn to the teacher for help, so as not to be known as a scammer - they will be even worse. As a result, a very difficult problem of socialization arises. After all, before, if you have a position in the yard, then they will always be interceded for you. And at school they know that they have several strong people in the yard. And he will bring Vasya Krivoy, Petya Slogo and someone else. There is someone to appeal by force. And to whom can a person who lives in five metro stations from school now? Consensus is destroyed.
The concept of "our village against another village" disappears. There are a huge number of blurry places that used to be held by the group, and now this need has disappeared. When we conducted a study, it turned out that bullying is more common in large cities and much smaller in small. Even the city near Moscow is different from Moscow. There people know each other. And this is strong social control over behavior.
There was another interesting study about different layers. In the classes, not just a high level of aggression was identified, medium and low, and in each three more - high, medium, lower and so on. And it turned out that in these nine layers of high school students everyone hate each other! That is, the situation is explosive. And I must say that life today is much more aggressive than we believe.