
There are no weekends and holidays on this work. You sleep on naked ground, you pass tens of kilometers, you can meet face to face with a wolf or terrorist or blow up on a rusty grenade. And sometimes you have to cut the one you love
Heroes acting in the text:
Chaban - Halitbey, the owner of the Otara, he is the main shepherd
Son - the son of a shepherd Hangire
Assistant - Assistant Chaban Magomed
Wife - wife of sheinap
District - hired by a driving rider Beck
* Photos used in the text contain the scenes of violence
From Makhachkala to the Otara winter parking - two and a half hours by taxi. After the asphalt highway, we move on the gravel road and shaking for about an hour. To the final point in the village of Tamazatuba, a taxi driver refuses to go to Priora: "There is no road there, I already pulled the car while I was going here." We ask the shepherd to leave the shepherd to meet us. He arrives in an old field in which there is no rear seat. The machine is intended only to escort sheep. We plant the photographer in the trunk and go for about half an hour.
Three sofas, a stove that is heated by a dumb, a small plate, to which a gas cylinder, a table, chairs and a TV are connected - that’s the whole dwelling in which they lived from October to May Chaban, his wife and son. The assistant sleeps in a separate room, even more modest than the first.
We arrived in Koshara on the last day of wintering. The wife had already left for a mountain parking lot, to equip a dwelling for the summer. A nineteen -year -old son goes to sleep in a car to give in to us a place.
“Sit down, eat. Here are fried minced meat, boiled meat, home sausage, cheese. All of their own. They did in the mountains, ”says Chaban, collecting the remnants of things in a pile that tomorrow with us will move on a ten -day journey.
Halitbey house photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD“I was born a sheep and a shepherd. My father, grandfather, great -grandfather were shepherds. In addition to me, ten more my cousins are engaged in this family. Now I do not want to do anything else and I can’t, but I don’t wish such a fate to my son. This is a difficult life. There are no weekends and holidays, no vacations. In addition, he can become a shepherd at any time, he already knows how. I want him to study. "
At the insistence of his father, the son entered the economic college of Makhachkala. Learns for an accountant. During the stage, the son refuses to go to study, because the father needs help. “To be honest, I would like to get up in sport,” the young man says. - I went to the gym in the village, but there is no heating, there is no sports equipment. There is only a physical education teacher. But for now, you have to look after the Otara. Sometimes I wake up several times in the middle of the night, even when I do not need to be on duty. I think if wolves or jackals attacked whether the sheep is normal. I somehow do not think about why I am so worried about them, probably because this is my property. They give me everything: clothes, food, an opportunity to study, I have a TV. All this thanks to them. How can I not worry about them? "
Hangirea talks on the phone photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Otara on the stage photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Hangirea carries a tired lamb photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD“Eat more, sleep stronger, go out at four in the morning,” Chaban tells us. At one in the morning, he turns off the light. The assistant is going to check Otar again. At half past four in the morning, with difficulty opening my eyes, I find that everything is already on my feet.
On Otaru, two or three people need a thousand heads. For a cross of the herd, a shepherd hired a distiller. He will collect sheep in a pile of sheep, which are scattered along the road. The shepherd pays him a thousand rubles for each day of the distillation. The assistant is an even more responsible position. It is hired for a year and paid three sheep a month. During the stage, the assistant goes ahead and leads a herd. Despite the fact that shepherd himself all the time, he cannot do without an assistant. In our company, the assistant is a Dargin, the shepherd himself is an Avar, and the distiller is Kumyk. Everyone has different languages, not at all like each other, men in Russian communicate.
In our company, the assistant is a Dargin, a shepherd is an Avar, and the distiller is Kumyk. Everyone has different languages, men communicate in RussianThe stage of herds from the plain to the mountains lasts 8-10 days, sometimes longer: depends on the weather. Winter Koshara Chaban - in the village of Tamazatuba, summer - high in the mountains, not far from the village of Gagatley. With the onset of cold weather, shepherds make the same path in the opposite direction.
Magomed monitors Otara photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD“My cousin buys Chechen mountains for the summer. He pays rams: one sheep for every hundred goals, ”says Chaban. - I chose for the summer period a plateau near my family village. If I had my own land, I could hold more sheep. There is no such opportunity. You have to pay for each scrap. ”
Otara’s winter parking place is 250-300 hectares of land. For the entire winter period, the chaban pays 100 thousand rubles to the owner of the land, plus 10 rams per dwelling. In cold weather, there is no grass. The owners of the herd purchase hay or mow grass in the mountains, storing thus for the winter.
There are special sheep and rams who are fed for sale. Their meat is usually taken to Moscow or St. Petersburg. Previously, animals were taken right on KAMAZs and cut it there, now they only allow you to carry meat.
“We sell meat for 200-220 rubles, resellers are sold for 250, sometimes even 350 rubles per kilogram. It turns out that we work all year round in the rain, under the snow, and they help out more in an hour or two than us. It's a shame, of course, but what can you do? Such a price, they will not buy more expensive from us. ”
Hangirey and Beck drive a sheep photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDThe special pride of the chaban is black sheep. Famous Andei Burki - special cloaks that they carry shepherds, and tourists bring from the Caucasus as souvenirs make their wool. They are very heavy and practically do not miss the cold. Not a single shepherd goes to the distillation without a burka.
In the morning of the first day of the cross, the chaban folds dishes, clothes, blankets on the roof of the car, covers with a tarp and pulls with a burning with a burn. The trunk of Niva is also busy with things, but in the right corner there is a special place in which the shepherd puts an empty wooden box. “This is a salvation for my lambs,” explains Chaban, “because today not only adult sheep, but also kids who are only day or two from the clan go on the road. They are completely weak. When I see that some kind of sheep was very lagging behind and cannot go, I put her in this box. ”
While Chaban is going, the son, the assistant and the distiller begin the path: Otaru is kicked out of the stall. Two dogs join the company. Linda is a wolfhound puppy, she is only learning to protect Otar from the predators, and Rax is a German shepherd, he has been living with a shepherd for a long time and guards sheep at night.
Halitbey carries a tired lamb photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Halitbei drives his stallion from someone else's horse photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDOur Otara in a thousand goals goes along the path trodden by the same flocks. On the left is a small channel in which the river flows, on the right is the descent to the fields on which the sheep can graze during the halt. The rest of the time they are not allowed to the grass, “otherwise our distillation will last a month,” the assistant laughs.
Chaban 50 years old. For two months a year he lives in a winter cat on the plain, then leaves for a visit home to the mountains, then again to the herd.
-Better and forth, back and forth ... That's how my whole life passes ... When I am at home, all the time I think about how my sheep is there. I worry how to better manage fattening, protect from illnesses ... - Quietly, as if to myself, says a shepherd, but suddenly caught on. - Do not think that I'm complaining. In no case. This is my life, and I am happy that I have it. Now it seems that there was no other.
- Was there life without Otara? I ask.
- Since childhood, I have been passing sheep. I don’t remember anything else. All the time in the fields, forests. When he grew up, he joined the army. Then I had a huge interest in military affairs. He served in Ukraine for six months, then in Hungary for a year and a half. He was a zenitchik in the air forces, a second-class driver. There was such a “shilka” machine, an anti-artillery installation, so I drove it. Now it was replaced by Tunguska, and earlier there were “arrow-1” and my “Shilka”. Everything turned out to me the best except the Russian language, but I would have learned this too, ”the chaban laughs. -What I did in the army, and how I live now is something like. There, too, it was necessary to rise at the first request, we need discipline, endurance. When I started to serve, it was completely easy for me. The guys did not know how to wrap the footcloths, but I knew. The cross ran the best of all, the bonfire fired the faster than anyone else. I really wanted to at the Suvorov School, my father could arrange me, he was a drummer, he always received letters for the work of a shepherd. In his Otar there were the least loss, the offspring of a large, a famous person was. Previously, how: those who really worked had connections, not only now - one crime.
"Kupka" sheep photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Otara on the "Kupka" photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Otara descends from the mountains photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDThe military shepherd left his career, because his mother did not want to.
He left his career as a military hem, because my mother did not want“You see, when mothers do not want, nothing happens. Despite the fact that besides me there is another brother and four sisters, I could not ignore my mother's desire. She was always against me to go far. Mom is mom. Would you like your son to separate from you? Nobody wants. "
While the herd moves forward slowly, the shepherd walks around and looks at which lambs to put in the trunk. Finds four. It puts two in the "cradle", two - in the pockets on the saddle of the distiller.
“Rain boots and raincoats, I hope, took it? The brother called, said it would be of great rain, without ammunition you will not go further than Baba-Yurt. There is absolutely no road there, ”the assistant warns us.
The chaban feeds Rex and Lindu with bread that his wife baked. “We cannot take weapons with us, dogs are the only protection against animals.” To my question, have there been cases when the weapon was still useful, the shepherd recalls the story.
“Our village, Gagatli - on the very border with Chechnya. In 1999, terrorists tried to attack my village. We were the first obstacle on their way to Dagestan. We had almost no weapons, only a few machine guns that we bought from the same Chechens in the black market. This market was the border of our village and Chechnya. Automatic machines were taken in exchange for rams. Then we learned that there are a lot of weapons in Chechnya.
Hangirey photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Rest during a photo of the photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Magomed observes the throwing of weights during a photo of the photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDUpon learning that militants are pulling up to the border of the village, we and I decided to break several posts of seven to eight people with the fellow villagers. Terrorists were 10 times more. We had several slices - this is a five -shot gun of the time of the revolution. The policeman, who was assigned to us, protested that we shoot from these guns, because "if the militants understand that we have such an old weapon, they will attack." We did not obey him and began to shoot from everything that was, because they began to surround us, to squeeze the ring. In response, they shot from machine guns and AGS - this is such an automatic grenade launcher. One of his shells fell between me and my brother, but we were not injured. We stayed for two or three days until the military arrived. Then, until the end of December, they guarded the village with them. They survived, ”the chaban ends the story.
Terrorists were 10 times more. We had several slices - this is a five -shot gun of the time of the revolution On the continuous plain, we go for the first four days of the crossing. On the first day we pass about 30 kilometers, in the following-20-25 each. On the third day we get to Hasavyurt. There are special bath baths here. They are bathed in water, in which a cure of ticks is diluted, which protects Otar throughout the summer.
The distance that needs to go from the winter cat to the summer is 176 kilometers. The distillation goes slowly, then quickly. Lunch break-at 11-12 hours. The company descends to the ravine.
Chaban, son, assistant and distiller are covered on the “table”: a large piece of cheese, fresh bread, dried meat and home sausage. There are few vegetables, but they almost do not touch them. “Why are vegetables when there is such tasty meat? - laughs a shepherd. - My wife scolds me all the time that I will spoil my stomach with one meat and test, and I say: “Until 50 years old, I have never complained about my stomach!” Do you know what is the secret? I'm not lying on the couch. If you work a lot, the body will be in order, there are no vegetables for this. It happens hard when I linger at home. And here it’s easy for me, I never get sick on the road. ”
Hangirey is resting photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Beck sleeps photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Magomed and Linda are resting photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD All the inhabitants of the ravine are going to enjoy the meat - beetles, mosquitoes, flies, spiders. Small snakes crawl right away. “No need to be afraid, you have to be prepared,” Cuban reassures. At the same time, they do not use any sprays or protective ointments from bites. “There are rarely poisonous insects. Only ticks, but clothing protects from them. If even clinging to, I tear him at home, and that’s it. Here my grandfather was bitten by an insect, very similar to Scorpio. Right in the eye. He lost his eyes then, and nothing. The only thing that he was very sorry about that because of this eye they did not take his volunteer to the front. He returned to the mountains and continued to mouth the rams on the collective farm. At that time, there were many thieves and deserters in the mountains, the grandfather defended the Otars from them, gave the duty to his homeland. ”
The path with which the chaban leads his herd was chosen by his grandfather before the revolution, when he was very young. During the Soviet regime, cattle were banned on this road, the collective farm was engaged in the transfer of sheep from the plain to the mountains and back, there was special equipment. Now you can also hire kamazy, immerse Otaru and transport, but it is indispensably expensive for a shepherd. He says that he heard about some program of the Ministry of Agriculture, which should cover losses for the transfer, but there is no one to do this. To collect a package of documents, you need to run for at least a month, and again every year. Plus, pay for each piece of paper. It is easier to pay to the chaban to pay the distiller with the assistant and overtake Otaru himself.
Hangirey photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TD
Bek drives sheep photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDThe chaban is not offended by the inattention of power: “Of course, it would be good if the state helped, I would have hired shepherds, and I was doing other matters, but so good. Previously, my ancestors kept the rams without the help of the state. They show me at least some attention. In 1993, the Minister of Russia was grateful for working for a long time. The Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Dagestan awarded with a diploma. This year, the district head of the administration gave an honorary diploma. It's nice that the state thinks about you. There are no financial awards to these letters, but one of these papers allowed me to become a labor veteran, there will be a pension bonus. ”
The day of shepherds ends just as early as it begins. By six o’clock in the evening we are preparing for an open air overnight. Chaban scatters tarpaulin on sticks, the son makes a fire, the assistant takes out food and dishes, the distiller collects a heap of the herd and straightens the horses.
Otara photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDThe loss of the first three days is one brown sheep. The shepherd drove her almost all the way in the trunk, but she never got to her feet. He carefully takes her in his arms and consults with his comrades what best to do. The Council decides that the sheep will not live until the morning. To save her from torment, the shepherd goes with her behind the ravine and cuts her throat there. He burns and returns there. His mood clearly deteriorated. We sit by the fire, drink the meat with tea.
- What is the most difficult in the life of a shepherd? - I ask.
- When the sheep dies. You see how she is tormented, how painful she is, but you can’t do anything. We have to do what I did today. This is not because I feel sorry for the money, arrived from it, this is different. I have no special profit. For the money that I help out from the sale of rams to meat, I buy hay, barley. I provide my family with food, housing and provide Otar - that’s all the profit. I can't buy a car. My house is average, my father was building it. I dream to build a house to my son. In order to start building, you need to save at least two years. I hardly have time to finish it. This is the son himself will do when he stands on his feet. When you’re drinking money, it is important to keep balancing so that the number of flocks does not decrease. For example, I recently bought a washing machine, I had to give four rams for it.
The shepherd’s family is small by local standards: one son and two daughters. There was still a son, the eldest. He died at the age of 16 as a result of an incorrect diagnosis. The wife, the mother of his children, also died in 2009 from cancer. “The first wife often boiled with me. I went to the mountains and to the plain. The current one also supports me in everything. I understand that it is not easy to be a chaban’s wife, but if it weren’t for her support, I would not have done it. ”
Hangirey checks sheep in a fog photo: Evgenia Zhulanova/Schschi for TDIn the village of Gagatli, the shepherd has a house where he spends quite a bit of time. During the summer grazing, he travels to Gagatley for food, or when someone marries, or to a funeral. A little more than a thousand people live in the village: almost everything - the relatives of the shepherd and are engaged in cattle breeding. Раньше многие ездили на заработки на Север или на стройки, но теперь мало кто этим зарабатывает. «Мои односельчане поехали как-то в Сочи, когда там к Олимпиаде готовились. Строили какой-то объект. Несколько месяцев работали, а им не заплатили. Бригадир сбежал с деньгами, объяснило им начальство. Они ничего не могли сделать, с тех пор наши мужики не ездят на стройки. Вернулись к своим баранам», — усмехается Чабан.
«Односельчане поехали как-то в Сочи, строили какой-то объект. а им не заплатили. Бригадир сбежал с деньгами, объяснило начальство»После восьми часов вечера все разбредаются «по буркам». Каждый закутывается и ложится прямо на землю. Это лучший спальный мешок, который может быть. Свой спальник, привезенный из Москвы, я так и не достаю из чехла, потому что без специальной подстилки он здесь бесполезен. Мне достается почетное спальное место в машине. Фотограф укутывается в спальник, ложится прямо на широкий бордюр. Чабан приносит ей из машины все, что находит: одеяла, куртку, бурку. Ее импровизированная кровать находится прямо перед стадом, и она шутит, что сегодня точно уснет, считая овец.
Чабан перед сном распределяет график дежурства: с 10 до 12 дежурит Сын, с 12 до двух утра — Помощник, с двух до четырех — сам Чабан. Перегонщик освобожден от дежурства, так как у него больная спина. We wish each other good night. Температура три градуса тепла.
Пятая ночь перегона застает нас под самыми горами. Ночуем снова под открытым небом, рядом течет широкая река. Ветер заметно холоднее и сильнее, чем на равнине. Брезент, исполняющий роль навеса, постоянно срывает, дождь в какой-то момент начинает лить как из ведра. Меня и фотографа прячут в машину, остальные на дождь внимания не обращают.
Палатка от дождя во время ужина Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД
Халитбей Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД
Козлы Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД В какой-то момент с ближайшего лесистого холма доносится лай, как будто собачий. Слышно, что стая большая. Компания вмиг бросает все свои дела и напряженно слушает. Лай повторяется. Первым отзывается Чабан. Он складывает ладони раковиной и издает точно такой же звук, обращаясь в сторону, откуда слышен лай. За ним точь-в-точь эти звуки повторяют Сын, Перегонщик и Помощник. Перекличка продолжается несколько минут. Убедившись, что стая в горах больше не отзывается, компания продолжает заниматься своими делами.
Это шакалы почуяли запах овец и проверяют, насколько отара защищена. Если их не отпугнуть, не показать, что людей рядом с баранами много, они могут напасть. Шакалы слабее волков, но, если их много, они опаснее. Волки нападают по одиночке, максимум по двое. Делают это тихо. Иногда только с наступлением утра можно увидеть истерзанных овец. Волк опасен тем, что за одно нападение он может убить несколько баранов. Забирает одного, а оставляет за собой несколько трупов. Кусает прямо в глотку, бараны даже не успевают понять, что происходит. А шакалы всегда шумные, их можно отпугнуть таким же шумом.
«Нам нельзя носить с собой огнестрельное оружие. Приходится так защищаться, — сетует Чабан. — Было бы ружье — пальнул бы пару раз в воздух, и дело с концом. Волки тоже боятся шума, можно их криками отпугнуть, но, если хищник не ел долго и выходит из леса с одной целью — найти еду, это может быть опасно. Я нечасто сталкивался с такими, но бывало пару раз. Они готовы атаковать даже человека. Главное — не дать слабину — разбудить всех и показать бесстрашие, тогда голодный волк отступает. В прошлом году был случай у нас в горах, когда один или два волка напали на баранов ночью и оставили после себя 40 трупов животных», — рассказывает Чабан.
Ночевка в доме для чабанов Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД Самая трагическая история в жизни Чабана случилась, когда он был совсем молодым.
«Я с дядей пошел в горы, мы собирались перегонять отару на равнину. Это был октябрь месяц. В горах в это время не очень тепло, а в том году была особенно холодная погода, снег рано выпал. Кроме нас на перегоне было еще несколько отар из нашего села. Однажды ночью ударил сильный мороз. Мы разожгли костер, но он не спасал, так как одеты мы были совсем не по погоде. Мы были далеко от своего села, вернуться за одеждой было невозможно. Мой дядя чуть не замерз насмерть, а я всю ночь не спал. В ту ночь мы потеряли почти всю отару. Из 10 отар, которые были на перегоне в ту ночь, мои односельчане еле смогли собрать одну. Все остальные овцы погибли. Около десяти тысяч баранов за одну ночь».
На шестой день перегона мы оказываемся в горах. Оказываемся совершенно внезапно: шли по равнине все время, и вдруг перед нами резкий спуск и такой же резкий подъем на соседнюю гору. Между горами речка, которую, спустившись, перепрыгивает сначала Помощник, а за ним переходит все стадо. Трудно и подниматься, и спускаться. Туман оставил после себя влагу, как после проливного дождя. Кажется, что спуск почти вертикален, вот-вот сорвешься и покатишься вниз. Держаться не за что, и единственное, на что ты можешь рассчитывать — это палка. Она должна быть прочной настолько, чтобы выдержать вес человека. Спускаемся по одному. Никакой страховки. На дне ущелья кажется, что самое страшное позади, потому что подъем не такой крутой. Ноги дрожат после спуска, руки устали все время опираться на палку. Поднимаясь, боишься смотреть назад. Быстрее всех преодолевают расстояние овцы. Чабан говорит, это потому что они только в начале пути, дальше овцы тоже устанут. So it happens. Взобравшись на вторую вершину, я обнаруживаю, что овцы разбрелись по плато и спят прямо стоя. Но ждать нельзя, начинает темнеть, и вся компания, включая меня и фотографа, теперь чабанит. Несмотря на то что чабаны проходят этот путь два раза в год, видно, что этот участок дается им совсем нелегко.
Отара Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД
Больная овца Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД«Надо спешить. Если туман спустится, мы застрянем надолго», — подгоняет Чабан, и туман не заставляет себя ждать. Он такой густой, что не видно ничего на расстоянии одного-двух метров. Стадо теперь движется очень медленно. Овцы в тумане могут разбежаться или застрять в кустах и потеряться. Нырнув в туман, чабаны полагаются только на интуицию.
Пройдя сквозь туманное облако, мы оказываемся перед очередной горой. Она не такая отвесная, но намного выше первых двух. Взобравшимся на нее обещан долгожданный отдых и ночлег. На взятие этой высоты уходит еще полтора часа.
Ночь в горах сильно отличается от того, что было на равнине и даже в предгорье. Здесь звезды ниже, их больше, воздух сильно разрежен, и тошнота становится постоянным спутником. Посреди ночи поднимается сильный ветер и чуть не уносит в пропасть палатку, в которой спит фотограф. Усталость такая, что не чувствуешь ни холода, ни страха высоты. Смирившись с тем, что можешь упасть в любую минуту, отдавшись всецело на поруки палке, медленно поднимаешься с одной горы на другую. Козы здесь действительно ходят по скалам, на которых почти нет выступов, овцы могут стоять на горе по диагонали.
Добравшись до места стоянки, понимаешь, что позади остались 176 километров, и ощущаешь гордость.
Халитбей гонит отару Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД
Халитбей Фото: Евгения Жуланова/SCHSCHI для ТД Чабан тем временем выдыхает с облегчением и начинает распаковывать вещи. Здесь он проведет почти пять месяцев, и видно, что он счастлив. По дороге он потерял еще двух овечек, которые были слишком маленькими для такого сложного пути.
Оставив Помощника с отарой, взяв с собой Перегонщика, Чабан едет в Гагатли. Там его ждут горячий хинкал, чуду и ванна.
Перед тем, как уйти, мы делаем совместное фото, оставляем спальный мешок и термос тем, кому они нужнее.
«Возвращайтесь осенью, вниз спускаться легче, чем идти наверх», — смеясь, говорит на прощание Чабан.
Мы уезжаем из Гагатли, и местный таксист рассказывает, что он раньше тоже был чабаном, но продал отару и купил машину после одного случая. «Видите вот эту будку с надписью «Звукозапись»? Там работает мой брат. Он раньше тоже был чабаном. В 2000-х годах пас овец на чеченских горах. Они с другом нашли там противотанковую гранату. Друг решил, что она уже негодная, и решил проверить, что там внутри. Ударил со всей силы камнем, она разорвалась. Друга по кускам собирали, а брат остался слепым. После этого он открыл эту звукозаписывающую студию. У него много клиентов было, когда диски были популярны. Он, хоть и слепой, очень хорошо разбирался в музыке. Сейчас это никому не интересно, у всех флэшки, интернет. Но брат все равно приходит в будку каждый день и сидит. Ничего не делает, целыми днями пиво пьет. Я ему говорю: «Зачем ты себя губишь?» Он говорит: «Когда у меня нет пива, никто ко мне не приходит, а так я хотя бы общаюсь с теми, кого угощаю»».
Дагестан жизнь чабана