Translated material
Programming: Women's business
We already wrote about women in science, as well as why their names are rarely mentioned in textbooks, and today we are dealing with the Codegirls group in the field of coding. The place of the woman has always been in programming: from the origins and first programming languages to the launch of a person into space, from the first personal computers to modern engineers of the largest companies - a woman is always a codyl. We destroy the myth that coding is not a female business and at the same time telling how to study.
The specialists of the Marksman recruiting company found that the share of women in the IT sector (including leading positions) is growing steadily, although it remains small so far. According to 2015 studies of the popular Stackoverflow resource, 92 % of all developers in the world are men (somewhere this percentage is significantly lower, in particular, Facebook is occupied by women). The number of women in Ukrainian IT companies is also gradually growing. According to rabota.ua, already 19 % of the resume of IT specialists come from women. In 2009, this figure was 13 %, in 2014-17 %. Basically, girls work as testers and business analysts.
The place of the woman is in programming
In fact, men came to IT thanks to women, but not vice versa. The binary code was invented by the mathematician of Hell Augustus Lovelyis , she also wrote the first program and introduced key concepts of programming (cycle and work cell). Her teacher was the author of the book “The relationship of physical sciences”, the astronomer and mathematician Mary Somerville . The mathematician and officer of the Navy Grace Hopper wrote the first compiler , she also worked with the first electronic computers, introduced standardization in testing practice and developed the idea of machine-dependent languages. It was under her leadership that the first high -level Cobol language was created.
Flamie,
Android developer:
“Never say the programmer:“ Wow, but I thought the girls cannot in programming. You are not like everyone else ”.”
At that time, when the computer industry was just born, it was far from the only woman programmer. For example, NASA had whole teams of programmers:
* Here you can read about the fate of one of the engineers, Margaret Hamilton, who participated in the development of the Apollo program.
Few people know that the famous Steve Jobs enjoyed the ideas of the scientist and developer of the Smalltalk language Adele Goldberg to create an “perfect computer”, and the Hollywood movie star Hadi Lamarr invented the frequency switching system. However, the authorship of discoveries made by women is often attributed to men who worked with them (we already wrote about this “ Matilda effect ”).
Where did the myth come from that coding is not a female business?
According to The Guardian, “the researchers considered about 3,000,000 requests for consideration by the code filed on GitHub, and found that the codes written by women approved more often (78.6 percent) than men written by men (74.6 percent).” But this difference existed only if the floor of the senders was hidden. “The prejudice against women programmers still exists,” the researchers say.
Gram atir,
Developer Ruby/PHP:
“There are two options for an IT sector to the necessary gender of ITSHNIKS. The first is the good old, about non -General business: a woman cannot even master programming, and if she can, to the detriment of her simple female happiness. The second is “modern and progressive”: programming, for the most part, is quite a “female profession”, because even your mother can master PHP. And therefore, some areas of programming slowly but surely turn into female hands, becoming low-paid, which once happened with a medical business. So with the current system of perception of a woman, a significant difference for our situation does not bring any attitude to the “sexual business” programming, while men dictate this attitude. ”
On average, the male brain is 8-10 % more than female, which is not surprising: the head of a man, as a rule, is more female. The male and female brain differ not only in size, but also in the levels of activity: the female is more active. In 2005, researchers at Harvard University discovered that parts of the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for making decisions and resolving problems are proportional to women. Scientific work of Sex Differences in the Structural Connectome of the Human Brain , published on December 2, 2013 at the National Academy of Sciences, showed that boys and girls have equal mathematical abilities, and the gap in the number of mathematically gifted culturally causes and has a tendency decline as gender equality develops.
Alina Ilpatina,
Back-End-developer:
“From the offensive, I had to hear that women are supposedly uninteresting programming; that women are preferable not to hire, as they can go on maternity leave; The reasoning of the classmates “Can a girl be a programmer,” well, the standard “I'm a boy, I'm smarter”, “Be silent, woman”. This is all out of work. I heard something at the university, something in personal communication. But at work they didn’t talk to me. ”
Much indicates that the cultural environment in which the girls grow, as well as the stereotypes prevailing in it, affect the position of women in science. The best confirmation of this is a study published at the end of June on the pages of the publication ProChedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It covered more than half a million people from thirty -four countries. The participants in the study were invited to correlate the words presenting the female and male worlds (he is a son, father, she is a wife, mother) with certain areas of both technical and humanities. The results turned out to be stunning: the stronger the stereotype of a woman-humanitarian stereotype, the worse the girls living in it coped with tasks in the exact sciences. At the same time, in the countries of Scandinavia, where stereotypical thinking is a rarity, boys and girls showed the same results in accurate objects, and in Iceland the girls were even tangibly more successful than boys.
Russian schoolgirls are more interested in the exact sciences than their peers from European countries. This is evidenced by the results of a study by Microsoft . For the study, nine and a half thousand girls from eleven to eighteen years old from Italy, Germany, Finland, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Poland, Holland and Russia were interviewed. As it turned out, in Russia, girls begin to be interested in physics, mathematics and informatics a year earlier - at ten years compared to eleven years on average in Europe. At the same time, in Russia and Europe, scientists noted a decrease in interest in the exact sciences of girls of fifteen to sixteen years. As examples for imitation in the first place, young respondents called teachers, which is typical for both Russia and Europe. On the second - bloggers (in Russia) and parents (in Europe). On the third, there are examples of successful female scientists (in Russia) and brothers-sets (in Europe). Interestingly, although the influence of the family is great in Russia, it is still not decisive when choosing a profession. Bloggers, for example, have a greater influence than parents.
Another curious fact that distinguishes Russian youth: when girls in Europe were asked to give an example of famous women from the field of science, most girls found it difficult to answer the question. And 44 % of respondents even said that when they think about scientists, only images of famous male scientists arise in their heads. Russian respondents without difficulty called the names of famous female scientists, primarily Sofu Kovalevskaya.
N.,
Tester:
“In general, I don’t have any terrible experience in an IT sphere because I am a woman. Well, except for constant questions about decree. It also infuriates that in the new team everyone is initially ignored. Everyone greeted each other, for example, and on me - zero reaction. Not everyone is doing this, but many. ”
Very often an erroneous subjective opinion about their own mathematical abilities prevents girls from devoting themselves to the study of exact sciences. A group of American researchers led by Samantha Mix from the University of Florida analyzed the reasons why girls rarely devote themselves to accurate sciences. More details with the results of the work of specialists can be found in Frontiers in Psychology . The study was attended by four thousand four hundred and fifty students - both young people and girls studying in sevenists of fifty higher educational institutions of the United States. Data about them was collected from 2002 to 2012. Scientists found out how students evaluate their own inclinations to certain disciplines, and also evaluated the real knowledge of students in these areas. The results of the work showed that among girls the opinion is that the talent for mathematical disciplines is either there or is not there, and if it is not, then there is no point in trying to develop in this direction.
Gram atir,
Developer Ruby/PHP:
“All those bugs that exist in any production relationship between a woman and a man exist here. From the point of view of society, a programmer man begins with the position of Junior. The woman starts with a special position “Woman”. As in any other area, she needs to know a little more and make a little more effort to protect personal borders in order to defend the right to be her own among the team of programmers, and not exist on the rights of a vase with a flower for dirty work. I worked in several large companies, in parallel as a freelancer received orders from directors of offices directly. At the same time, I must say that at that time I was really hired by an eighteen -year -old student as cheap labor, because the girl will not require much. The picture that I saw repeatedly: I call the price tag is quite average, and the interviewing people look at each other's wide eyes. It is extremely necessary to immediately evaluate yourself not just to dignity, as it is too vague, but high enough, as almost all men do. Do not undertake to work for free for the portfolio, and in general, drive out of my head the impostor syndrome and guilt. A confident attitude towards itself brings more money than experience.
Next, the list goes on the good old MENSPLIINING. Suppose you work on the project alone. The company hires a new remote programmer, and he is informed that, they say, the woman wrote this application, on all issues to her. Next, the programmer, deciding to seek logs, writes you _ Vyatny_ _Phagovoy_ instructions for opening logs in the framework. In the future, it turns out that he really, without communicating with you, is sure of your incompetence.
There were also different, not the most pleasant, but similar to each other as drops of water of the situation (I constantly meet a similar experience with other women): when a kind of experienced code or a burned systemine begins to see his waifa in you. A purposeful girl with a sharp tongue, and even programs, well, she directly left the pages of manga! When you say, he smiles in a tenderly and generally likes to mention his attitude. It is possible to kill this only by the so -called masculine aggression, which, of course, is energy -intensive. ”
The heroines of the coding
Russia:
Flamie,
Android developer:
“Stereotypes that technology and accurate sciences are not for women, I often meet (“ other brain ”, yeah). I am not working in the team, but still often heard condescending appeal: “Sunny, we know better than you what we need, we are customers.” And the appeal of Zolotze. Unpleasant. "
World:
- Marissa Mayer is the first woman engineer in Google. Without its approval, the company did not launch a single product in the field of the user interface. Today she is the yahoo!. Marissa is the youngest director of the company Fortune 500.
- Cher Wong in 1987 founded the VIA Technologies chipsets company, and ten years later - HTC. In addition to the success of the company, Cher has a lot of personal achievements: it was more than once recognized as the richest person in Taiwan, and in 2012, Forbes magazine called Cher one of the “most influential women in the world” (fifty -sixth place).
- Sarah Gaider initially worked at Google and proven herself well as a programmer. Engineer-programmer in Twitter employees. I also received the post of technical manager in Android on Vine Labs.
- Korin Yu participated in the development of many world -famous video games, including Brothers in Arms, Borderlands, Zombie, Unreal Engine 3. Korin made a huge contribution to the development of the Halo 4 game, which became one of the most popular in 2012. I received a national award for scientific research in the field of nuclear physics in 2009.
- Amanda Weeksted is known throughout the world as one of the most effective and qualified developers of mobile applications. She participated in the development of the popular game Farmville. Zynga employee. Was responsible for creating the first game Pacman on the iPhone. He is currently working as a consultant and leads several companies, founded her own TURF geographical club.
Gram atir,
Developer Ruby/PHP:
“Most often I hear:“ Why is programming? How did it happen? ”, Or the second option:“ Wow, a programmer girl, it's so interesting! ” Everything goes through the prism of a woman’s perception as an object: either she does not understand what becomes worthless for real men, encroaching on their profession, or came up with a cool zest so that the men appreciate it. Hence the combinations of these phrases, they have to be listened to constantly. ”
- Tracy Chu has received a bachelor's degree of science in the field of electrical engineering, as well as a master's degree in computer science at Stanford University. One of the key developers in Pinterest , which was previously an intern on Facebook and Google, and also managed to work in Quora. Chu rejected the offer from Facebook. In addition to working in Pinterest, Chu is engaged in his own project “ Were Are the Numbers? ", Dedicated to women in the IT industry.
- Sudha Murty is the first Indian woman programmer, better known for her charitable and literary activities. Sudha worked for Telco-developer for eight years. Here she met her future husband Narayan Murty. For the sake of his dream, she left work in Telco, gave him 10,000 rupees (~ $ 200) and first helped as a programmer, then she became a housewife and mother of two children. Narayan's dream is called Infosys. Now the total capitalization of Infosys Limited is 32 billion dollars, Narayan Murty's fortune is $ 2 billion, and the English language was enriched with the verb “To Bangalore” .
Gram atir,
Developer Ruby/PHP:
“Initially, I just tried to follow the principle of“ choose a woman for work ”, then I began to notice that there really is a difference in working with non -ore women and the men's team. Men, even despite the vaunted male solidarity, try to quietly convey other people's bugs to the bosses, to burn out at the expense of others, and in general, lovers to walk over their heads. Usually this is opened suddenly, in the team completely in appearance of good peasants running to smoke and eat with company. In solidarity and transparent relationships easily develop with women: you do not suspect some kind of unexpected pig if you know for sure that this woman does not apply to other women biased. ”
Where to study in Moscow
Moscow Coding School
moscoding.ru
Most courses in MCS are designed mainly for those who are familiar with the code. The training is intense, usually lasts four to six days on weekends. During this time, listeners will recognize the basics and at the end can create a more or less working project. The teachers are leading developers from startups and media: Hello Computer, Hyperboloid, SoundCloud, look At Media and Meduza. In addition to HTML/CSS and web development tools, you can learn the basics of creating mobile applications. Classes are held in the DI Telegraph space on Tverskaya, and the team gathers mainly from representatives of creative industries.
Where to study online
The most popular and absolutely free service in the field of programming from scratch. Training takes place in the form of short exercises with simple tasks and instructions. Study here is worth the basic principles of working with JavaScript, HTML and CSS, and for a deeper immersion - go to other sites.
Programming and the Web for Beginners / Coursera.org
Caursera tested by time collaborates with well -known educational institutions, so it inspires confidence. The courses are more detailed, in addition, unlike Codeacademy, you will have to engage in, as at school: there is, although a remote, but a teacher, and a certain pace that will not allow you to relax. There is an interesting introductory course in Harvard University on EDX .
HTML Academy /
htmlacademy.ru
A useful Russian-speaking resource with thirty seven sections dedicated to various aspects of working with a mile: from a lesson in the structure of the HTML document to courses about the new capabilities of HTML5 and CSS3. For those who want to become a professional, there are two online intenses (basic and advanced).
The “School of Programming” was founded by the graduates of Baumanka-to a greater extent for those who do not have the opportunity or desire to sign up for offline courses, but I don’t want to storm the coding world alone. Classes are held in the form of webinars, and for doubters there are free introductory lessons.
What to read on the Internet
Stack Overflow
ru.stackoverflow.com
Здесь можно найти ответ на вопрос по любой теме IT от участников сообщества, хорошо в ней разбирающихся. Смысл такой: пользователь пишет вопрос, другие пишут несколько ответов, и самые популярные закрепляются наверху. Есть версия на русском.
Платформа с самыми актуальными материалами для веб-разработчиков — о последних тенденциях и самых успешных инструментах.
Многопрофильная площадка, совмещающая в себе новостной сайт и коллективный блог. Здесь общаются реальные программисты и ведут свои блоги компании. Помимо основного сайта есть ещё связанные с ним проекты, околонаучные и более теоретические Geektimes и « Мегамозг », а также « Тостер », русскоязычный аналог Stack Overflow.
Очень полезный учебник и по совместительству один из крупнейших русскоязычных порталов по JavaScript. Что немаловажно, постоянно обновляемый и поддерживаемый работающими программистами.
Языки программирования
JavaScript
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy , Learn Street , Khan Academy , Code Combat , Code Avengers
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Eloquent JavaScript , JavaScript Guide , Speaking JavaScript , JS The Right Way , Oh My JS
HTML & CSS
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy , Don't Fear The Internet , Tutsplus , Learn Layout , Dash , Web Accessibility
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Dive into HTML5 , 20 Things I Learned , HTML Dog , HTML & CSS , HTML5 for Designers , DOM Enlightenment
jQuery
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy , Tutsplus , Code School
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
jQuery Fundamentals , Learn jQuery
Python
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy , Google , Learn Street , Python Tutor , IHeartPY
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Python for You and Me , Dive into Python , Learn Python the Hard Way , Think Python , Python for Fun , Django
Ruby
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy , TryRuby Code Learn , Railscasts , Rubymonk , Learn Street
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Why's (Poignant) Guide to Ruby , Learn Ruby the Hard Way , Learn to Program
PHP
Онлайн-курсы:
Code Academy
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
PHP Programming , Practical PHP
Google Apps Script
Getting Started , Office Hours , Google Scripts Examples , Learning Apps Script
WordPress
Linux & Shell Scripting
Онлайн-курсы:
Stanford.edu , Explain Shell
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Conquer the Command Line
Node.js
Онлайн-курсы:
Nodetuts , Node School
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
The Node Beginner Book , Mixu's Node book , Node Up and Running , Mastering Node.js
Git (version control)
Онлайн-курсы:
Code School , Git Immersion , GitHub Training
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Pro Git , Learn Git
Objective-C (iOS & Mac)
Code School , Stanford , iTunesU
Chrome Dev Tools
Code School , Dev Tools Secret , Chrome Dev Tools Tutorial
Go
Онлайн-курсы:
Golang.org
Бесплатные книги по программированию:
Programming in Go , Go by Example , Learning Go
Android
Coursera , The New Boston , Google University
D3 (data visualization)
Data Visualization for the Web , Dashing D3 , D3 Tips & Tricks
Everything else
Udacity , edX.org , Coursera , Udemy , Lynda , Pluralsight , Treehouse , Open Consortium