1857 Beginning of publication of "The Bells"

160 years ago, on July 1, 1857, the first issue of the Russian opposition newspaper Kolokol was published in London, published by Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Ogarev. By this time, the volume of correspondence between Herzen and Ogarev from Russia had grown so much that the annual almanac "Polar Star" was no longer enough. The newspaper also made it possible to quickly respond to Russian events. Its circulation was 2500-3000 copies, and taking into account repeated circulations, it reached 4500-5000 copies, which was comparable to the circulation of legal Russian newspapers. But the Bell cost in Russia, where it was delivered illegally, ten times more expensive than in Europe.