From poverty into poverty

Being poor is dangerous. And it’s not true that there is nothing to take from the poor. Rosters take even the last

In Barnaul, the urn is more difficult to find than a microfinance organization - they are at every step. “Fast money”, “excellent cash”, only under a hundred of the Rostovshchina offices, each for many branches. The Altai Territory for usuries - the region is very attractive. Because poor. In the ranking of regions by welfare (RIA Rating, 2016) - in the ninth ten. The average salary in the country is 36 thousand rubles, and in the Altai Territory - 21 thousand. This is 84 out of 85 in the list of regions.

How do people live when there is an elementary lack of money for this very life? To take from relatives “before the salary” is not an option, they most likely also consider a penny. Fill out a bank loan? But already two loans for the family. This is on average. Many have three or four-five. Yes, and banks will not contact borrowers who need only two to five thousand rubles for a short time. One option remains - microcredit. And let the bets on them reach 700-800 %, but it will run so much if you don’t return a year, but you are only for a week! So people get into bondage, to break out of which a few manage. More than half of the money earned is spent on repaying loans. Judging by the fact that debts are growing, it is required to give more. We have to choose - to extinguish debts for a communal apartment or on a loan. But poor people are usually conscientious. They try to pay all their debts. To do this, many are forced to take another loan in order to at least partially pay off the existing one. And then look for where to issue another loan in order to pay already on two loans.

All of Russia under trial

Olga, postman

“I recall that year with a shudder. You are constantly looking for some way out of this nightmare situation. Even for half an hour it is not possible to distract. During the day you think you can’t sleep at night. I, I think, had a stroke precisely because of experiences and nervous strain. ”

Olga Ivanovna began “credit history” ten years ago, in the wake of universal consumer madness. No one has money, and everyone is dragging something from the stores-who is “plasma”, some refrigerator, some laptop, and someone at once and additionally add a couple of mobile phones.

“We issued a laptop on credit, my husband needed him to work. Our pensions are enough for us only for food and communal apartment. Well, the grandchildren need to be postponed for gifts, we have five of them. You won’t come to them empty -handed! .. Now I understand: it is worth getting your data into the Roosters' database, as you begin to process you from all sides. And at least to unsubscribe from them, at least how to refuse, and the sentences, very persistent, aggressive even do not stop.

It is worth getting your data to the Rostovnikh database, how they begin to process you from all sides

In 2012, I first issued a loan in a microfinance organization. I did not come to the MFI because I did not know what interest they had. I knew everything very well and tried not to notice these “microcredites” for a long time. I realized that a little claw would get bogged down, the whole bird was abyss. But in life there are situations that are otherwise than “hopelessness” and you cannot call. As soon as I came to “excellent cash” to take two thousand, which I had nowhere else to take - far away, the neighbors have no, I won’t take the children - and “my soul rushed to paradise”. After all, it is difficult for pensioners to get a bank loan. And they will, or something, cans to contact with such meager amounts, which I needed? Paper to decorate longer. And in the MFIs-with all respect, with smiles and almost hugs, and they are asked to show the passport. I received these two thousand, I was delighted: no one should ask anyone, I did not have to humiliate myself before anyone. What a stupid I was naive! Now I understand: it is better to ask a person! Although it is very awkward, he, at least, will not demand a thousand percent of you.

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For the first microcredit, I paid easily. This was confused. I had no doubt: there will be any other need, I know where to go. There were days when you do not know how to feed your husband. I myself can do with tea if it presses. I took a microcredit again. And then it went and went: I could not make a payment-I took a loan at another microfinance organization, and paid off. Then in the third, fourth, and so without end. There was not enough money to live. That is - to pay the next loan.

It’s easier with banks, they do not have a lot. But also cunning, lure. In a large font, the contract is written - a loan of 19.9% ​​per annum. Already at home you read, there it’s small on the third page - “If you signed this agreement, it means that you agreed to 53% per annum.” With a loan for a laptop, I was given a card on which 40 thousand was put on a loan for a computer. I went to the bank, I wanted to return this card, I say, you are probably mistaken, I don’t need to. Not taken. Let, they say, you have a card, since they gave it out, why should we? And money - if not needed, we will pick them up, do not worry. When, I ask. Two or three years later, they answer. For a long time I have not touched that money, more than a year. And then I think - my husband and I were wounded, clothes are needed, shoes. You can’t buy it for retirement. I took a little, quickly return the shortage. Then a little more. When she worked as a cleaner, everything was fine: the debt is 60 thousand, the monthly payment was four thousand. Caled. And here the reduction at the enterprise, the cleaning lady, that is, the first was fired.

Microfinance organization "Your money" photo: Zamir Usmanov/TASS

But by that time I had already relaxed, I took a large amount in a microcredit organization at once, 10 thousand! So people lose their minds and a sense of danger. At first I paid with interest, then only interest, and then I could not, because, despite all the payments, the amount of debt grew. I don’t understand how it has grown from 10 to 50 thousand with all my regular payments?

I myself am to blame, I drove myself into this trap. I lived for a whole year in one day: for today I will be enough to feed, but how to be tomorrow, tomorrow and I will think. The library began to sell, which she collected all her life. And every minute she tried to come up with a brilliant scheme on how to break out of this closed circle, how to pay with everyone. I am a mathematician, I must, I think, come up with something. But I didn’t come up with anything but once to say - everything, stop! Subach me to court, but I will not pay you anything else. From this day, persecution began. Endless calls with threats, SSMES. They scared that they transferred me to a collection agency and called something Caucasian. To this I sent an SMS, in which there were only three letters - "FSB". These no longer wrote or called. Others threatened to "break the head", "get a daughter and son -in -law." It’s a pity, the SMS did not save. ”

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The pensioner filed an application with the court and won. By a court decision, Olga Ivanovna should pay only the body of the debt, without interest. How much it will last, a woman, according to her, is not at all interested. He says: Yes, at least all their lives, let these half -pensias take it, it’s no longer scary. The bailiffs were, they examined all the property, said “there is nothing to take” and left.

“I am very grateful to my daughter, it was she who took my hand to the court, how I found out what story I got into. I hid from the children, did not want to upset. Usually, after all, the children of the parents are upset, but here everything turned out exactly the opposite ... Since spring I have been working on in the post office, I have been different newspapers. You can’t imagine how much you have to deliver court letters and notices on the payment of all kinds of fines from the tax, traffic police, from banks, communal organizations, bailiffs and collection agencies. I wear full bags! Every day! I had no idea what scale it had! I realized that I am not the only debtor in this world. Not one at all. All the people in Russia are trial. Yes, everyone owes everyone. At the same time, surprisingly, not becoming richer. Only poorer. People turn to microcredit organizations not for well -being, but elementary from despair. From hopelessness. They try to survive in this way, but it turns out even worse. I understood, the most important thing is to be able to stop. In time, at the wrong time - but stop. I was able to do it. Yes, I will pay for debts for a long time, probably until the end of my life. But this is not scary. I was never scared when I was threatened. Disgusting - yes, scary - no. But I lived in such stress that now, when more than half of the pension is taken - like paradise on earth. This story taught me everything to count on a penny. So that no one else has to occupy. I now understood how little a person needs in life! Again, I began to notice people, trees, the world around me. ”

Will kill, then come

Elena Sharova, Deputy Development of the Institute in the structure of a large university

“It all started ten years ago with the purchase of a lobster in installments directly from the developer. I lacked 170 thousand for the first contribution, I had to issue a consumer loan on VTB24 for five years. There were no problems with monthly payments. Then I worked as a teacher, there was a lot of free time for additional earnings. And as it became deputy dealership, a lot of paper work fell. There was not enough strength or time more. ”

In 2008, Elena as a teacher received 10,800 rubles, now three thousand more. With allowances for the post of deputy deed, Elena's salary is almost 17 thousand. “The money is small, but I had enough. There were no debts in front of the bank. ”

Elena Sharova Photo: From Personal Archive

And then Elena, according to her, "managed to marry." The future husband brought his daughter and son already adults. The groom did not give money for food and other things, although he was quite wealthy. Credit cards were used. Elena had two of them - one Sberbank, a salary was transferred to her. The second was given by VTB24 when a woman issued a loan. There were 50 thousand each on each card: if you want - to waste, if you do not want - do not touch. From both credit cards, money disappeared in two to three months, as it was not. Spended, banally. However, it did not work out with marriage, the overlords moved away, and the debts remained. But Elena did not scare these 270 thousand at all. She had no doubt that she would cope. The opportunity to work out by profession has always been (we do not call either a profession or a university at the request of Elena). Who knew that in 2008 there would be a crisis? There were no orders, the salary was cut. And then another accreditation of the institute was drawing to a close, I had to work until one in the morning for several months. There was no time or strength for anything else.

“But bank loans are not scary,” says Elena. “It becomes scary when the next loan is taken already in a microcredit organization.” According to Elena, there were problems with the payment of salaries at work, the so -called cash gap was formed. For the borrower, this is a loop around the neck. It was necessary to take some money somewhere urgently to make another payment to the bank. Other banks refused, friends and acquaintances had no extra money. There was the only option - microsa in the MFI. As a person responsible and quite experienced in credit matters, Elena carefully read the text of the contract before signing it. And ... did not understand how he differs from banking. I did not immediately feel the difference in percent. I thought the same 20, well, a maximum of 30% per annum. It turned out - more than 700. “The contract was drawn up very cunningly, moreover, with a promise of big discounts,” says Elena.

They lured simply: the fact that the first loan is only three thousand-gave without percent. Elena was able to pay the bank and was very pleased. When the next time I did not reach the salary again, I easily took another microcredit. “And then it somehow spun so that I myself did not understand how I got bogged down. I still don’t understand how 30 thousand debt turns out of three thousand loans. ”

"I still do not understand how 30 thousand debt is obtained from three thousand loans"

Elena took another microcredit to make a payment on other loans. Despite the fact that almost all the money that she had, she immediately gave it to someone, the debt did not decrease, but grew. In “Money”, for example, Elena gained 15 thousand loans, gave 28 and should remain 20. “When I took loans in ordinary banks, I calculated: how much I took, how much I overpayed. And with the MFI, I was completely confused. You give them, you give it up, but you still find yourself a lot of money. ” This went on a year. A year at Rollton. The apartment in the new building had to be sold at a large discount to buy Khrushchev, and give the rest to repay part of the debts.

“They are like gypsies when they say that my head begins to dizzy, and I stop understanding anything at all. But you will bypass the gypsies, and then the girls are sitting in the Bantiki ties and a delicate voice you will be bursting about discounts, benefits, benefits ... Once I saw how a bomzhavati-looking alkashi, who was sitting next to me, issued a loan in 15 minutes. Now I understand why microloans give out to everyone indiscriminately: just the guys from the MFI know how to shake debts. ”

The main technique is pressure on the psyche, threats. The nature of the threats depends on the fantasy of the collector. “Yes, you take more bribes at your university than we owe”, “The brigade leaves for you, will describe property, get ready.” At that time, Elena called the police and an ambulance, she became ill. But no one arrived except the police and ambulance. Elena called, they say, when you arrive, I'm waiting for you. And I heard in response: “And where did you get it? We were not going to you! " “I will sell your debt to the Caucasians,” the other threatened. “They (obscene word) will put your face on all pillars and entrances.” Wrote a statement to the police. From there came the answer: "You were conscientiously mistaken." That is, if you fulfilled their threat, then yes, you did the right thing that you turned to the police. And if everything ended in words, you, a citizen, were mistaken, the words of the collectors were misunderstood incorrectly. They will kill, then come.

Elena was threatened with dismissal from work. The colleagues with whom she worked since the students of the student, they left: "Yes, you are just a insignificance, you got us all with these debts and calls." She had to listen to a lot of insults. After the threat of rape, Elena was afraid to leave home for a long time, returning home in the evening. In parallel, those whose contacts she left when signing numerous loan agreements was pressed on Shanov: “Do something so that they would not call us anymore!” Elena says, they called a hundred times a day, and this is not a figure of speech, a record - 137 calls for one day.

Elena began depression. Real, clinical. She did not see another way out, except to lay an apartment in a pawnshop. More and more often thoughts about suicide. But when I found out that the MFIs are insured by accidents of customers, including as a result of suicide, I got angry. Maybe this kept it.

Microfinance organization on one of the streets of the city photo: Svetlana Kholyavchuk/Interpress/TASS

“Everyone turned away from me, I became an outcast. If it was about unhappy love, everyone would dance, sympathized around me, and offered help. But if you have problems with debts or with health - nobody needs you, a vacuum forms around, you only hear from everyone “to blame”. Support came from where I did not expect it at all and when I did not hope for anything. I am very grateful to this woman, she brought me out of a stupor, forced me to go first to a psychiatrist who prescribed the antidepressants. And then she convinced me to apply for personal bankruptcy. Those whose debt exceeds 500 thousand can count on the write -off, and there is no way to repay it. I had it more. But I still doubted: is it right, not to repay debts? My financial manager, when I have already filed for personal bankruptcy, said: “Don’t worry like that! You have already fed them well. ”

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Elena issued the first microcredit in the spring of 2016, and a year later her total debt on loans was already 600 thousand. The arbitration court accepted the application for consideration. On June 20, the court took place. Elena provided confirmation that her salary was reduced by 110 thousand over the year. The court recognized Elena to bankrupt and wrote off the main part of the debt. They gathered to describe the property, but Elena had nothing but a washing machine, an old pot -bellied TV and a sofa, and such property of the bailiffs was not interested. After the trial, Elena should give her salary for six months minus the amount of the subsistence minimum, so that there is something to live on. In fact, about half remains of a woman’s salary. But Elena is happy. In December - the last payment. And - freedom!

True, the MFIs did not fall behind her. No, they no longer threaten, but they continue to put pressure on his conscience, they say, you have to pay, you should. In parallel, SMS and letters by e -mail with proposals are sent a microcredit on favorable terms.

Found a boss

Hope, civil servant

“I have only one loan - in a microfinance organization. I took it, because there was simply no other opportunity to solve the problem that has arisen. Money was needed not on vacation in any Turkey or a foolish purchase. The bank was refused a loan to me - I am a state employee, a small salary, the children are full of children. Я понимала, на что иду, но у меня просто не было выбора. Для меня было важно не то, сколько придется переплатить, а смогу ли я рассчитаться, с каких поступлений я смогу это сделать. Прикинула, поняла, что смогу. И действительно, рассчиталась быстро. Через какое-то время вынуждена была снова оформить заем, и снова в МФО. Но в этот раз с запланированными денежными поступлениями все пошло наперекосяк, внести вовремя платеж не удалось. Мой долг передали коллекторам, МФО с этим сильно не затягивают. Насколько я знаю, микрофинансовые организации долги не вытрясают. Этим занимаются коллекторы. Так что уж если кого и ненавидеть, то их, коллекторов. Мне с ними довелось пообщаться и очень не понравилось. Я почитала законы, чтобы точно знать, что коллекторам разрешено, а что запрещено. Оказалось, что практически все их действия в отношении меня как должника — незаконны. С этой позиции я и продолжила с ними общение.

Офис по оформлению займов наличными Фото: Артем Коротаев/ТАСС

Когда коллектор стал рассуждать на тему выплаты долга имуществом, я поинтересовалась: «Правильно ли поняла, что уважаемый собеседник сейчас пытается вымогать у меня мою собственность?» Разговоры на эту тему прекратились. Несколько раз коллекторы звонили мне на работу. Но у нас в организации есть четкая инструкция: с коллекторами ничего не обсуждать, отвечать всем одно: «Мы не разглашаем персональные данные».

Так мои коллеги и отвечали. А я предупредила коллекторов, что если они еще раз позвонят на работу, я обращусь в Роскомнадзор с жалобой на незаконное распространение мои личных данных третьим лицам. Однажды коллектор позвонил и с угрозой в голосе сообщил, что сейчас они приедут ко мне домой. На что я поинтересовалась, знают ли они о том, что проникать в чужие владения незаконно? Коллекторы не любят «шибко грамотных». Больше они не изъявляли желания посетить мой дом. А потом мне надоело с ними общаться, и я поставила на телефон программу «Антиколлектор». На сегодня этот долг на мне так и висит. Насколько я понимаю, его в очередной раз перепродали, уже третьей компании. Но никаких договоров я не видела, поэтому пока платить никому не собираюсь».

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