How to rebuild Russia

Experts collected by Alexei Kudrin discussed the future of the country until 2024 and after

On November 25, the Fifth All -Russian Civil Forum (OGF) was held in Moscow, dedicated to this year the topic “Future of Russia: Federation, regions, cities”. OGF experts discussed the prospects for the development of the country in the next 5-15 years.

The first discussion was opened by Alexei Kudrin, noting that he had already thought that the population, unlike experts, does not consider it necessary to prepare the program and strategy. According to him, the fault of the little -known or unrealized government programs, which no one already hopes for everything. Among the main challenges of the future, the head of KGI outlined the fall of the level of life. “You can talk about anything, but the ultimate goal of strategies is the well -being of the population,” he emphasized. The ex-Minister of Finance also called the current level of poverty of the population “shame”, given the level of GDP and state revenues.

The second challenge, according to Kudrin, is the technological lag of the country.

“After 10-15 years, unmanned vehicles will drive through the streets, almost immortal people will appear due to the development of medical technologies, 13% of the professions will die, but we are not ready for this,” he stated. “The existing model of the economy, the education system does not have time for these changes.”

Among the Kudrinsky call list also appears the risk of international isolation and fear of change.

Participants in the discussion agreed that to answer the challenges of the future interferes with "the state’s desire to regulate everything before it managed to develop."

"The flow of migration from Russia stops in Moscow"

One of the most anticipated discussions was the conversation between Alexei Kudrin and Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin on the topic “The Future of the country's economy: the role of agglomerations”. In terms of investment in the quality of the urban environment, Moscow is an absolute leader among Russian regions. The mayor represented the capital, but the ex-minister of finance spoke about the strategic need to shift the focus from Moscow to the regions.

“We must reveal the potential of large cities in which there is a connection between business and intellectual potential,” Kudrin is sure. - Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm can become global agglomeration. Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Barnaul. We need to expand the boundaries of agglomerations, create new centrrilled forces. We need a mini-revolution of decentralization. It is necessary to transfer authority to the regions. ”

Kudrin also said that Moscow is a powerful competitor for these cities. But, according to Sobyanin, Moscow does not compete with the regions, because everyone directly depends on the capital, it feeds everyone: “Every tenth pensioner in the country receives money from Muscovites, every tenth patient also. Moscow is a locomotive of Russia in many directions. ”

The Moderator of the Panel journalist Peter Kosenko asked the discussion participants in the question of whether it is true that they go to Moscow “travel” from the regions, mainly heading abroad.

Sobyanin replied that Moscow is the defender of the country: "We stop the flow of migration from Russia."

The audience carefully listened to the dialogue between the speakers about the local government of Moscow. Kudrin asked: "Is Moscow ready to transfer the powers itself to its munnipalites?" Sobyanin unexpectedly replied that Moscow was the municipality itself and there is simply no one to transfer powers. Kudrin carefully noted that this is not entirely the same thing, obviously bearing in mind that Moscow is not a municipality at all, as the mayor said. The mayor said that this is a theory, but in practice it is still a municipality.

"Redistribution of funds will not help"

The discussion “Inequality as a resource for the development of regions” developed the ideas of a dispute between the mayor and economist: here experts discussed the fate of federalism in Russia. As the moderator of the section, political scientist Mark Urnov, noted - despite the declared federalism, in practice, our country is a unitary state with "monstrous inequality", which just interferes with effective federalism

“The inequality of the regions is often overestimated,” said Natalya Zubarevich. According to her, the real problem is that "60% of Russian regions do not have clear competitive advantages." You can help the "middle" only by improving the institutions, so that such regions "themselves digging something out of their own." The expert explained that one should not hope to resolve the issue of inequality through the redistribution of funds. “In the regional policy of any country there are two ways: equalizing weak regions or stimulating developed. Our country goes along the third path, where geopolitical priorities are the subject, so the question is not in the regions, but in the central government, ”she said.

Political scientist Alexander Kynev said that the desire of the authorities to unify the regions turned into a fetish. “This does not give anything, but it warms someone's idea of ​​the beautiful,” the expert remarked.

Member of the Committee of Civil Initiatives (KGI) Sergey Tsypeyev, agreeing with the participants in the panel, confirmed that "the military model of the full vertical lies with representatives of the authorities in the head." In the long run, when the "gingerbread" end, this can lead to the rebellion of the regions, he believes.

“It is necessary to convince the power to open a second front in relation to the regions, that is, to support the local government. The chosen mayor is the main competitor of the governor and his limiter. If such a system is not created, then the state building will hang in the air, ”the expert concluded.

Having summed up the discussion, Mark Urnov came to the conclusion that it is possible to solve the problem of federalism in Russia only by expanding political competition at all levels. However, those present could not answer the question of how this can be achieved.

Censorship instead of the fight against terrorists

The discussion about how Russian laws destroy the Internet industry and digital rights of citizens were conducted by employees of Roskomsvoboda. At the beginning of the speech, the project manager Artem Kozlyuk noted that this year it turned five years old not only for the project itself, but also to intensive adjustment of the Internet in Russia: “People give real deadlines for publishing their thoughts on the Web, the Yarovoy package introduced total surveillance of Russian citizens, January 1, the law on deanonymization of messengers enters into force. It is necessary to at least slowly turn this trend - so that the laws are about stimulating the development of citizens' rights on the Internet, and not just about the ban. ”

In our country, the state regulator infringes on its rights Internet users and does not fulfill its real duties, said the researcher of Roskomvoboda Alexander Isavnin.

“Our legislation is outdated,” he says. -Wi-fi for a passport, a SIM card according to a passport, encryption keys-all this does not simplify life, and for some reason complicates it. Blocks cause technical damage to the infrastructure. ”

Isavnin demonstrated a slide with conclusions about why, in practice, it turns out, it turns out that blocks: “Imitation of the violent activity of special services, the actual censorship of the political opposition”. The following was a picture from the cartoon "Twelve months" with a princess who fantasizes about snowdrops. “Here we have the same princesses invent laws,” the expert noted.

Answering the question of which country we are similar to the entry into force of the “Yarovaya Package”, Sarkis Darbinyan, the head of the Center for Protection of Digital Rights of Users, unexpectedly called the Netherlands, where the state also stores the content that users transmit to each other, as well as France, where, after a series of terrorist acts, special services collect personal data about users.

“The system of operational-search measures (SORM) does not work”-this is how the director of the Internet protection society Mikhail Klimarev began his performance:

- 600 thousand issued orders for wiretapping over the past year - and how much was brought to court? Resonance affairs are silent, nothing was known about the same telephone terrorists. Telephone operators also do not need to be considered idiots. They are trying to save and come up with any ways to get away from the introduction of SORM, which is still worth them with a lot of money.

The conclusion of the discussion turned out to be as follows: the state intensively regulates the rights of Internet users, because it considers the Internet a too free environment, and to control what is required, the special services do not have enough competencies.

The OGF-2017 also discussed mechanisms that ensure the participation of citizens in the formation of a comfortable urban environment, the problems of public control in the field of legal proceedings and the development of the advocacy. Within the framework of the forum, panels dedicated to the media space were held, where experts discussed the global media mission and the New Media. In addition, master classes were held to obtain grants, civil education, as well as working with big data.