Translated material
"There is no environmental genocide!"
This year, the inhabitants of Siberia held many rallies and protests in defense of the ecology of their native places. People are outraged by the construction of local reservoirs and protected lands of harmful objects, the actual lack of prohibitions on toxic emissions and many others. "Siberia. Reals" about why the protests are collected by hundreds of residents of the Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk region, Yakutia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and whether they give an effect.
Krasnoyarsk
Six months ago, the Krasnoyarsk activist Igor Spekht, the organizer of the Internet platform "Krasnoyarsk. Sky" , began installing sensors in the city, creating an independent monitoring network in order to receive objective information about the state of air and share it with the townspeople. However, the prosecutor’s office soon took up them: in December, an administrative case was already being instructed, which had already been transferred to court. This happened after it turned out that Specht sensors differ from official data. In social networks, a flash mob began in support of Specht and his project.
On December 8, in Krasnoyarsk, in the Silver Square, despite the frost, several hundred people gathered - many were in medical masks and respirators: this was a transparent hint of the belief environmental situation in a city heated coal. This was already the second rally for the Clear Sky this year. The first, in March, gathered more than a thousand participants. Since then, the authorities have changed in the city and the region, but the environmental situation has not changed.
And people went to recall their requirements: in particular, transfer the entire heat production within the city from coal to natural gas, increase fines for exceeding the standards, prohibit temporarily agreed emissions, transfer the capacity of the KrAZ plant outside Krasnoyarsk or reduce its gross emissions by 2022 half.
Krasnoyarsk residents are quite inert, perhaps this is due to the fact that we particularly do not believe in the effectiveness of such events ... The authorities seemed to react to the spring rally, but only in words - in fact, nothing has changed
“Of course, we suffered for a long time,” explains one of the organizers of the rally “Behind the Clear Sky” Andrei Skrogorodnikov-Earlich . - Krasnoyarsk residents are quite inert in this regard, perhaps this is due to the fact that we really do not believe in the effectiveness of such events. The fact is that the authorities seemed to react to the spring rally, but only in words - in fact, nothing has changed. The city again plunged into the regime of adverse weather conditions. We understand that some points, for example, the removal of KrAZ capacities outside Krasnoyarsk or the transfer of all heat production within the city to natural gas, not to execute in several weeks and even months. But it was possible to increase fines for exceeding the standards of air pollution or reduce quotas for emissions of the main pollutants. It is quite possible to do in seven months.
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0:00 0:02:27The organizer of the rally promised that if by spring the situation does not change in any way, much more outraged citizens will come to the streets than in March and December. According to Skovorodnikov-Erlich, the city authorities are trying to explain the problem of the Black Heaven exclusively by exhausts of transport, pretending that the emissions of enterprises, including the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, have nothing to do with it, and also ignoring the fact that the city is heated mainly by coal kitten.
A number of experts believe that these two factors are the main causes of smoke in Krasnoyarsk. Their arguments are backed by a map of the city's Coal CHP, compiled by volunteers - the geographical position of the heat sources clearly coincides with the zones of the most strong smoke. In addition, the most powerful curtains of smoke cover the city in the heating season.
River Lena, Yakutia
Through almost the entire 2017, activists of Yakutia are protesting against the construction of the Ust-Kutsky Polymers factory in the Angara region, the construction of which, according to them, is planned to begin next year. Ecologists are sure that the waste of the chemical enterprise will pollute the Lena River, since the plant will be located in its upper reaches. From the Angara region, contaminated water will flow through the whole of Yakutia straight to the Arctic Ocean.
“We have already sent requests, including the Irkutsk oil company planning to build the plant,” says Ivan Stepanov, head of the Yakut public movement “Sir” (“Earth”). - They turned to the caring Irkutski in order to maintain a common river together. So far it has not helped, I Inc unsubscribes that these are still plans, there is no project, but bad news came from the region: recently, a leakage of oil products occurred in the upper Lena, a rotten tanks spilled. And all this happens in the year of ecology announced in the country!
The Irkutsk oil company, planning the construction of the plant, has already announced that it would be able to finish all the work in four years. In addition, the management of the enterprise indicated two probable plots for the construction of the future plant - both near the coast of Lena, one with an area of 173 hectares, the second - 257.
-The specialists of Ramboll Envyron, which is engaged in the use of an ecologic and cocked examination, have already visited the alleged construction area, previously consulted with the oil company employees and the administrations of municipalities, state institutions and social activists of the Ust-Kut. As a result, the work on the formation of an assessment of impact on the environment has already begun to the detailed plan, ”the holding’s press service explained. -The Ust-Kutsky plant will produce products with high added value-up to 600 thousand tons of polyethylene annually. It will become the culmination of a gas project, which the company has been implementing for seven years. In general, the project contains four gas preparation installations at the company's deposits, the grocery store to Ust-Kut and the construction of gas processing facilities one and a half kilometers from the border of the Ust-Kut near Cape Tolstoy.
True, the head of the press service of the INC Sergey Evchik noted that information about the start of construction of the plant in 2018 is unreliable-there is no project yet, while preliminary surveys are being conducted.
Yakut ecologists complain that Lena "as if with a magnet attracts chemical and gahzochemical plants," since it is much water. Some of them note that the potential for self -cleaning of the river is already at the limit, since the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline passes through it.
The construction of promotional facilities in the upper river will certainly negatively affect the spawning fish, and the supply of fresh water will be destroyed. Lena almost the last clean river in the country from among large
“While the river was slightly damaged by industry, but everything goes to that,” the candidate of biological sciences Igor Voronov is sure. - The construction of promotional facilities in the upper reaches of the river will certainly negatively affect the spawning fish. Plus, a stock of fresh water will be destroyed, which can still be called suitable for drinking. In this sense, Lena is almost the last pure river in the country from among large ones. Here, at least there is no Chemical and hydroelectric power plant so far.
Activists quite agree that the industrial production of Yakutia is necessary, but only if its safety is proved, including from an environmental point of view. According to Ivan Stepanov, as soon as social activists receive confirmation of the projects of future factories in the absence of public hearings, they will again go out onto the streets of the rally.
“In Lena, it happens, ships are drowning, oil products are drained,” the activists add. -We have just defended her from the threat of construction on the shore of a gas chemical plant for the production of Karbamid. Only after a whole series of large -scale protests, the decision was canceled. And here is a new trouble.
In June, the Yakut Minister of Nature Protection Sakhamin Afanasyev said that he requested documents for the legality of the construction of the Ust-Kutsky Polymer Plant in the relevant departments of the Angara. The results of the audit since then have not been publicly reported.
“The Yakut fuel and energy company, according to the latest data, plans to build a methanol plant on Lena,” adds Ivan Stepanov. - It is still unclear at all, what kind of project, what waste. The reason for our unrest is just the secrecy of these processes: they would show documents, would conduct public hearings. It turns out that since 2014 we are only doing that we have beaten one after another attack on Lena.
Lake Baikal and Angara River
This summer, in social networks, residents of the Baikal villages and villages reported the mass construction of hotels right in the water protection zone of Lake Baikal. The development was accompanied by a cutting of a sacred shamanic forest on the island of Olkhon. Soon, environmentalists and activists joined them, who created a lot of publications on the network with residents comments and photos from places.
Ecologists evaluate the damage already done to the nature of the reserve as “colossal”. Only because of the unauthorized laying of roads on the island, the damage to the soil and Fauna Olkhon reached three billion rubles, said the head of the public project "Olkhon-the territory of development" Elmira Semenova . According to her, the assessment was conducted according to the methodology of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, according to the forest system of the Baikal National Park, the topographic map and the results of decorating spaceships.
- The calculation was carried out at 406 sections of the island with a length of almost 565 kilometers. A constant negative impact takes an area of almost 2 million square meters and to a depth of three centimeters, - quotes Semenov's numbers. - In the steppes of Olkhon, the island endemics irreversibly die.
Ecologists confirm that a number of rare plants and birds have already disappeared in the national park, which have not been found anywhere else in the world.
From Olkhon today has already survived his business card - white -headed eagles! They simply disappeared from the island, did not take out such a noise
“Any noise, even from tent towns, not to mention hotel complexes, forces cautious animals and birds to move away,” reports Irkutsk ecologist, candidate of biological sciences Vitaly Ryabtsev , and a former deputy director of the Baikal National Park. - Where can they move from the island? So from Olkhon today has already survived his business card - white -headed eagles! They simply disappeared from the island, did not take out such a noise.
Irkutsk activists admit that they have already realized the inefficiency of even the most massive rallies and protests. Now they prefer to write immediately to the relevant departments. True, each time they try to duplicate the application in social networks - for publicity.
- We have already reassured to scribble complaints and competent statements. For a more productive struggle, many laws were studied, all environmental codes were studied. And in this case, we did not limit ourselves to resonance on the network: we began to send claims to the prosecutor’s office, Rosprirodnadzor and Rospotrebnadzor, since it was about pollution of drinking water, including, ”says Lyubov Alikina , well -known public figure, chairman of the Rubin TOS. - The prosecutor's office soon found out that the local authorities - municipalities, the district - completely illegally withdrew from the federal lands tidy plots along the coast of Lake Baikal into private property.
But even now, local residents hear the “knock of hammer” in the Baikal National Park. Activists admit that in those areas where a ban was imposed on their complaint, construction is not certain. However, the complaints were sent for a number of illegally bred lands later, the decision has not yet been made on them, so there the landowners continue to work.
- This is a pure formality, there is the same violation as in the rest of the areas. That is, they will be banned over time, only they will have time, of course, spoil nature. It is not clear what they still hope for. They probably think to buy someone. But their chances are zero: every piece of land will return back to the status of protected territories! - Alikina is convinced. - We tried to recently find out their motivation, called one of these illegal landowners - Taldychit the same thing: "I have documents of the municipality, the land in my property." The fact that it was illegal to him is illegal, refuses to understand.
The struggle for the Shaman forest has already gone for a civilized framework. A resident of the island Olkhon Gale Sibiryakova, one of those who loudly protests against the illegal development of the coast, unknown this year set fire to the house. There are no witnesses, the activist is scared, is afraid to somehow comment on the incident and does not count on the help of the state.
The River is Alos, Novosibirsk
Against the construction of the garbage training ground in the village of Razdolnoye, in dangerous proximity to the River, a mocking hundreds of residents of Novosibirsk has been gone to rally for more than a year-almost every two months since the regional government signed the Ecology-Novosibirsk agreement in the summer of 2016.
-Firstly, there is a purely environmental moment: the mouth of the river by the mocking Novosibirsk scientists put in order for several years, with volunteers of tons of garbage were taken from the coast, chosen by local gardeners for landfills. They only accustomed everyone to the order, only instilled the gardeners not to litter the norm, they achieved the status of specially protected lands for the territory, as they immediately decide to build a garbage training ground at this place, ”the Novosibirsk activist Svetlana Kaverzina is indignant. - It is not clear why the authorities decided that there was the most optimal site. On the contrary, this is the worst choice! Ecologists say that there is not only water too close, there is also a hill with which everything will fly away.
According to Novosibirsk ecologists, during a flood or melting snow, the waste will be in the soil, and then fall into the tributaries of two small rivers, from which local residents take water. In addition, fish listed in the Red Book live there. And according to lawyers, if the plant is built with Razdolny, it will fall into a radius of 15 kilometers from the airfield of the plant. Chkalov, which violates the Air Code.
The second reason for the protest lies in the terms of the concession agreement - the agreement will allow the contractor to set high tariffs for the collection and processing of garbage, even for ordinary citizens.
- The terms of the concession are such that we will pay incomprehensible for what, the people will simply rob. This is a problem not only of ecology, but also to the economy, ”Caversina says. -Ecology-Novosibirsk has already openly stated that taking into account the cost of construction and regular costs for taking garbage, the company will take three times more than we pay now. This is still without the cost of the actual processing of garbage, only for the reception.
According to activists, the 40-year agreement guarantees an income of 121 billion rubles to the investor, despite the fact that most risks, on the terms of concession, falls on the regional budget.
In the spring, Novosibirsk spent several rallies for the resignation of the former governor of the region Vladimir Gorodetsky, including due to his refusal to solve the problems of ecology. The new head of the region, the acting governor Andrei Travnikov at the end of October promised to terminate the agreement of the regional government with the Ecology-Novosibirsk. Nevertheless, the Novosibirsk did not abandon the October rally, saying that they would believe the region’s leadership only after the signing of the Dermaid document. Soon after, travnikov said that he would re -create a working group to form the parameters of the "garbage" concession. According to him, the discussion "periodically" will be open.
Omsk
In the ten Russian regions with the highest protest activity in the third quarter of 2017, the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions came from the Siberian Federal District. The latter was on the list, in particular, thanks to environmental protests. Omsk residents are outraged that in their city they pollute not only air, but also water and soil. Most often this is done by local enterprises, secretly organizing unauthorized landfills, usually in dangerous proximity to the river, the Omsk activist Vyacheslav Siberian reports.
- Air pollution, of course, is more noticeable. In water, you cannot immediately determine it. But we also have soil pollution. We noticed the next large emission of harmful substances in early November - this was for the fourth time. So much so that chemicals were drawn right throughout Omsk. In general, in the industrial zone of the city almost every day emissions occur. Then the wind reports a chemical smell, mainly in two districts - the Left Bank and the area of the oil workers, ”says Vyacheslav. - Specifically, who throws up? Here the synthetic rubber plant was recently caught on soil pollution. On their solid waste landfill, they drain chemical fluids. They posted photos, wrote complaints. The audit is going on, but they do not find violations. Although there are all the colors of the rainbow and breathing next to these ponds. The other day, Rosprirodnadzor made a decision - everything is fine with them, it turns out. Only in the city there is nothing to breathe.
According to Siberian, in the spring of this year, a sharp chemical smell was felt all over Omsk. But the perpetrators of those emissions have not yet been found.
“Things are excited, but there is no sense,” the activist comments. – На том же заводе каучука несколько лет назад произошел взрыв и горение, которое длилось трое суток. Пламя потушили, но тлело еще долго. Только через месяц власти признали, что произошли ядовитые выбросы, опасные для здоровья. А до этого, сразу после катастрофы, они все отрицали.
Несколько лет назад правительство Омской области провело исследование на тему "Атмосферный воздух и здоровье населения". Данные проверки показали, что в округах с большим числом промышленных предприятий жители чаще страдают сердечно-сосудистыми, онкологическими заболеваниями, поражениями дыхательных путей, в том числе астмой. Наиболее неблагоприятными с точки зрения экологии были признаны Советский и Октябрьский округа Омска. В первом причиной загрязнения назвали нефтезавод, заводы пластмасс и синтетического каучука, во втором – машиностроительные "Омскшину" и "Полет", нефтехимический "Омсктехуглерод". В Ленинском районе экологическую обстановку портят "Омсктрансмаш", ПО "Иртыш", "Омсквагонзавод" и крупные ж/д станции.
– Конечно, нас это беспокоит, омичи постоянно выходят на митинги, – говорит Вячеслав Сибирский. – Только я сам в этом году провел два митинга весной, когда пошли первые серьезные в этом году выбросы. На каждом было порядка 200 человек. Еще пикеты проводили – за год раз пять. Но потихоньку мы в этом разочаровываемся. В итоге власти не то что ничего не предприняли, а как будто не заметили этих протестов. Они ведь даже простейшие меры безопасности в случае выбросов игнорируют – не распространили информацию о том, как надо действовать в этих случаях.
Омичи постоянно выходят на митинги... Еще пикеты проводили – за год раз пять. Но потихоньку мы в этом разочаровываемся. Власти как будто не заметили этих протестов
Просто их отрицают: "Вам померещилось, все нормально". Какие рассылки МЧС? Когда жители туда звонили, им дежурные отвечали: "Да вы, наверное, не знаете, как воздух должен пахнуть. Что вы там фантазируете?!" В Москву тоже бесполезно жаловаться: они наши обращения пересылают сюда, а местные власти им рапортуют в ответ: "Ну что вы, у нас все в порядке"!
В декабре вышел очередной экологический рейтинг Общероссийской общественной организации "Зеленый патруль" – его составили по итогам осени. В числе аутсайдеров оказались, в том числе, Еврейская АО, Бурятия и Иркутская область. Среди дальневосточных и сибирских регионов снижение позиций показали Кемеровская, Магаданская и Тюменская области.
– К сожалению, в Еврейской автономной области часто случаются аварии и природные катастрофы, которые держат регион в конце рейтинга, – говорит директор природоохранных программ "Зеленого патруля" Роман Пукалов. – Отсутствие реальных мероприятий по ликвидации накопленного ущерба на берегах озера Байкал не позволяет подняться в рейтинге Иркутской области и Республике Бурятия. На Дальнем Востоке негативное влияние оказывают угольные порты и использование угля для тепловой генерации. Это проблема для Находки, Ванино, Сахалина. Многогранность ситуации демонстрирует Красноярский край. Знаменитое "черное небо" возникает там все чаще. Это происходит из-за застоя воздуха и температурных инверсий, когда город накрывает, как крышкой, теплым воздухом сверху и не дает рассеиваться загрязнениям. В Красноярске количество источников угольной тепловой генерации превышает все разумные пределы. При этом высока активность населения, и людям удается влиять на ситуацию. Кроме того, в Норильске закрылся завод по производству никеля, загрязнения там снизились на 30% – в итоге регион по сумме характеристик улучшил позицию. А вот Кемеровская область "упала". Это был молчащий регион, а Год экологии дал людям возможность высказаться. Информация дошла наконец до Москвы. Осенью прошло много негативной информации по проблемам, в том числе связанным с угольными разрезами, а вот решений пока не видно.