"No guys, this is a cross." Historian Yuri Dmitriev is justified

On Thursday, in the Petrozavodsk City Court, a sentence was announced as a sentence to the historian, the head of the Karelian "Memorial" to Yuri Dmitriev. The court acquitted it from articles on depraved actions and the manufacture of children's pornography. At the same time, the judge found him guilty of illegal storage of parts of firearms and sentenced to 2.5 years the restriction of freedom. Given the time that Dmitriev spent in the investigative isolator, the punishment was reduced to three months - the historian will have to be celebrated by the district police officer without leaving the territory of Petrozavodsk. The sentence was obeyed in closed mode, about 50 supporters of Dmitriev waited in the corridor of its results, who came to support him from different cities of the country.

The historian Yuri Dmitriev was arrested at the end of 2016. He was accused of "using a minor adopted daughter for the manufacture of pornography", "depraved actions" with a child and illegal storage of weapons (paragraph 2 of Article 242.2, Article 222, Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). For several years Dmitriev took pictures of a painful girl to control her physical development. He kept the pictures in the computer, never showed them to anyone. However, the police still learned about them.

The first examination appointed by the investigator recognized nine out of two hundred photographs of pornographic photos (of these nine pictures, six were ordinary repetitions). The second examination, appointed by the court, did not see any pornography in them. Dmitrieva was eventually sent to a stationary examination to Moscow, to the Institute. Serbian, psychiatrists did not find any deviations from Dmitriev. At the end of January 2018, he was released from the pre -trial detention center to trial on a recognizance not to leave. The whole process was closed, the announcement of the sentence too. At the last court hearing, the prosecutor's office asked for Dmitriev nine years in prison.

According to Memorial, his professional activity was the reason for the pursuit of Dmitriev, since the historian was engaged in the restoration of memory of the victims of repression. In 1997, the Memorial expedition under the leadership of Dmitrieva discovered the burial of the victims of great terror in the forest tract Sandarmokh, where more than 9,500 people were shot and buried in 1937-1938.

Petrozavodsk, Khrushchev on the last fifth floor in which Dmitriev lives. The seven -grader Dania, his grandson, does not leave his grandfather. After lessons, he immediately runs to his house. "I would let you go in their place, well, why keep you there?" - He says to Yuri Alekseevich and everyone presses towards him. “For me, as soon as possible, it would have ended up and would be behind me,” the historian himself whispers somewhere in his mustache. But while there is time before the sentence, Dmitriev has a lot of different things. It is necessary to buy a cervical corset and find a good doctor for nine -year -old Sony's granddaughter Sonya - the girl unsuccessfully slipped on the street and damaged three vertebrae.

The ten -year -old ghost shepherd, the faithful companion of Dmitriev in all expeditions, beats his tail like a whip - they say, if you go outside, but at least to the same pharmacy, do not forget about me! So they go all together with a children and a hobby crowd.

The faithful shepherd of Gesti was with Dmitriev in many expeditions

At the Zaretskoye cemetery, in the line of Petrozavodsk (after the release from the pre -trial detention center at the end of January before the sentence, Dmitriev was under the subscription about the wizard and he was forbidden to leave Petrozavodsk. - RS ), he also needs to call - the father -in -law of Dmitriev, his great -grandfather of his daughter Katya was buried there. He was a simple fisherman, caught fish on the lake, but was secretly shot and also secretly squeezed out with the deputy minister, the chairman of the collective farm, a simple lumberjack, secretary of the district committee, a simple collective farm - who is not there! Katin grandfather, the father -in -law of Yuri Alekseevich, lived in the orphanage from the age of five and recognized his father’s fate and was able to bow to his grave as an elderly person. Katya remembers well how they came with his grandfather to this black grave plate, how he was crying then.

On October 30, 2017, on the day of memory of the victims of political repressions, in the Zaretsky cemetery, where more than 400 people were buried, mourning events were held. Dmitriev at that time was in the Petrozavodsk pre -trial detention center.

He found them, he buried them here. And not to say about him?

- There were many words about how important it is to preserve the memory of these people and those events, but none of the officials remembered the father. I was just outraged. But after all, the same cemetery did not appear by itself, it didn’t find it by itself, they didn’t find it and reburied the remains of the executed ones - my father did all. He found them, he buried them here. And not to say about him? I think this is very, very ugly. It was very offensive to me for my father, it’s a shame to tears, I just know how much this is a titanic work, ”says Dmitrava Katerina Klodt, standing at the grave of great -grandfather.

Yuri Dmitriev with daughter Katya

In Petrozavodsk, a blizzard, then suddenly the hail goes, it seems not very cold, but the wind penetrates through and through. We return home, and there the neighbor brought the pie with fish. "I want to go to Yuri Alekseevich so that he signed my book - we then meet her on the street, a young woman pushes a stroller with a baby in front of her. - And he is forever not alone, all the time guests." There is another neighbor in the entrance. "Well, I heard that the 5th will be decided? Well, let's hope!" He encourages Dmitriev.

If they close me, I will continue to work slowly even there

-The main thing in prison is its own circle, your own bowl, something else, but somehow I do not want to talk about it. If that - Katya knows everything and will bring everything to me at once, I won’t take anything to court, ”says Dmitriev. - If they close me, I will continue to work slowly even there. At one time, I had prepared materials for the book "Segezha in the Player dusk", I will work on them there, I will release the book. The prison does not mean that everything is already closed. The birds fly, the fence is standing ... even if they close me for some years, I’m probably hardly for more than a year-they’ll get out, after all, they’ll still pull it out ( at that moment Dmitriev smiles.-RS ). And if it will cost more or less decently, then this year a month and a half will have to be devoted to Solovki, in 2016 I found a cemetery one, previously unknown, it is a small one, where the Satyevsky monastery, within two dozen graves. Most likely, these are prisoners that are bent naturally - from our humane justice. So far, I have not found any signs of violent death ... If I usually want something, I do it. Well, not this year, so in the following. Not in the next, so in a year.

Cross at the burial site

- According to your feelings, judge Marina Nosova listens carefully, she is interested in the process, or would it be over?

Sometimes it seems to me that the judge somewhere inside himself understands the whole absurdity of this process

- No, as far as I know, some steps were difficult enough from her. That is, if at first the judge rejected all our petitions, then, then, on the contrary, they began to accept them. What did the prosecutor have square eyes: how is it like that?! And sometimes it seems to me that the judge somewhere inside himself understands all the absurdity of this process, but since she is a judge, it means that she should be over the fight, between the sides of the prosecution and the defense that they are trying to prove something there. And for some reason, all a priori wrote a judge into the enemies. I don’t know, I judge people by their actions, by their actions, and not by the fact that they may be expected or cannot be expected from them. Wait and see. The matter is really too complicated.

- Did she consider sexual crimes against children?

- What they just did not consider. Moreover, it gives the deadline - come, kuma, to look.

- That is, it usually gives as much as possible?

“Well ... without concessions.” Therefore, somehow I will not even comment. Well, we all once come to some conclusions on the basis of our own experience. Maybe she will happen. There are no authorities for me, at all. What is where there is about someone, how great he is and all that is so-no, I judge a person on his affairs, and everything else is a husk, these are already such ... Remember the white clothes that can be painted with any pattern, at least some paint? So here, there is a judge, and she will understand.

- Many world media write about you. Doesn't this attention surprise you? After all, it seems to be local Russian history ...

There is another attitude to history, an absolutely different attitude towards a person

- Honestly, the world media, or foreign media, wrote much more about me and much earlier, even before the criminal case. After all, I am engaged in this business for a long time, and somehow it didn’t catch much and started ours. Journalists came from there, wrote. Ours, usually if it concerns, there are dads, mothers, grandfathers here, then they will-and they will, somewhere it appears. And there is another attitude to history, and another attitude towards a person. If we have a person, this is a hell know him, some subject of an informational occasion there, whether it sounds strange, then a little differently there.

- And when will our attitude towards a person change?

- I always say to everyone: we must begin to study the history of our country with the history of our family, with a story of a kind. Here are five, seven generations deep into Kopny, do not be too lazy, spend a year, one and a half, two, but see where your roots are, so to speak. Then not a single “Nightingale” will deceive your promises. Are you saying that? And, this great -grandfather was said to my great -grandfather. The shitty ended! But this was said to the great -grandmother. And my grandmother went through this, my parents went through it. Therefore, you guys go further. We listen carefully to you, but we will not go for you. So here. For each family, this will end in different ways, but the time will come when they stop believing what they write on the fences. Two generations, at least 40 years.

- More plus 40?

When you know the story of your family, you can already correlate it with some basic events in the history of our state

-Well, I say, for each family it is different, someone knows, someone does not know, and not the fact that in 40 years someone will want to know their story. But I would introduce such a lesson at school, probably, the class from the 5th that the most curious, most fearless guys, 5-6th grade, they would have managed to lose their grandmothers, and parents, and all in the world. And then it’s easier. When you know the story of your family, you can already correlate it with some basic events in the history of our state, well, everything will be clear and simple for everyone. But when they say to you: here, people, Komsomol members went to the virgin lands - yes, hell with this virgin land! She thundered there for seven years, and that was blown away, but I know that my dad went there, for this virgin land, with the Red Army, so to speak, sent to clean the crop. And even there he is an honorary citizen of some village on the virgin lands. I know that there was virgin lands, and I know what she led to. And when they will tell me now: let's turn the northern rivers - no, guys, we have made a target! Or in my youth they shouted: Komsomol members, we are building a bam! I didn’t even fool away there. And then I find out that BAM, it turns out, was built until the 70s, in the mid-30s, some of the prisoners after the construction of the Belomoro-Baltic Canal were thrown there. I know who, what and why he was built, and I am not surprised that Bam today needs fundamental reconstruction.

- And where would you like to go back in Russia or, for example, abroad?

- I would like to get to the Central Archive of the FSB.

- Have you never been there?

In the local FSB they still endure me, well, when I come to business trips somewhere

- And who will let me go there, poor? In the local FSB they still endure, well, when I come to business trips somewhere, there is also in management, if I need to get acquainted with some business, I visit. No, I would just now scan all the materials of the non -judicial organs, well, from what I had to work with, "three", "two", special "triples". And he would scan all acts on the bringing of sentences. It turned out to be an amazing picture when we would learn that there are several places around every regional city, and often around each district city that we are not even suspected of. And then it is already easier, therefore, it is already purposefully possible to look for those places.

Yuri Dmitriev at the place of detecting the remains on Solovki

And then, as they say to me, Levashovo, Levashovo ... Well, I was in Levashovo, a small jigsaw, I don’t know, if you try well, thousands to 20 can be laid there, and where are the rest? Where are the others?

- And how much, do you think, have not yet been found?

- A lot! Here, in Karelia, many were not found, five thousand, probably, it is still hanging somewhere in the air, and maybe a little more. Or maybe less, I don’t know. In Karelia, they shot in 26 places, and we know, well, five, six, seven.

- That is, in general, the work is not good.

- If it were so simple ...

- And in Russia? It's hard to imagine?

- Generally darkness, I think.

- How much time would you have to work in the Central Archive if you were given such an opportunity?

This is the work of more than one year and not one person

-Well, judging by the fact that our Karelia acted as an independent subject, well, roughly speaking, as an area ... We have 42 Karelian "troika", something more than one and a half dozen of the "doubles" protocols, 36 protocols of special "triples"-this is already about 70 important documents. They are multi -page, because if the protocols of the "deuce" are mainly 100 people, the albums formed and sent them to Moscow for approval. In the Karelian "triples" there was an immense number of people, it reached 400 with kopecks, there are from 150-160 to 400. And then there are group acts for each person, and after 1938, after the summer, acts began to be individual, that is, to fill each separately. Here we know about 14.5 thousand people, now about a thousand people have been added, who were taken from our territory by the Leningrad Encavedeshniki. So, here are 15.5 thousand people. Well, let 16 thousand with a penny. And for each you need to find an act ... I don’t know, this work would take a year and a half for a year and a half, if you work directly with the documents. And how many such areas are in Russia, how many such acts ...

Grave on a sequirium grief. Dmitriev asks to respond to those who know who is buried here

Well, it’s easier now, because now, firstly, you can scan it all or, at worst, take a picture, throw it there on volunteers, get it, collect in the right place, they will do it all. But still, this is the work of more than one year and not one person.

- And how many such enthusiastic Dmitrievs are needed to ...

- Painted? Not a fig to yourself! You still say that I am in love with my profession.

- Well, such an impression appears.

Each of us has some kind of cross in life, some road along which we must pass

- No guys, this is a cross. Each of us has some kind of cross in life, some kind of road we have to go along. Moreover, this road is known to us from our very birth, even before birth, we know about it, we think about it, we put some kind of vehicles there, but when we are born, we forget about it. And in the process, so to speak, our growing up, we are always trying to find where our road, something inside us, when you go there, is not in place. Why do some go to one institute, then they throw it - well, not mine? So it is desirable to find your way. I think I was very lucky that I found this road. And that I found her, I understood years, probably a little more than ten ago, although I have been walking on it for 30 years. Well, something like that.

Yuri Dmitriev on the eve of the sentence

- That is, in principle, in order to evaluate the all -Russian scale, it is necessary to work in the archives?

Send what kind of examinations you want, but this hole is in my head - it is definitely not from a cold

- Yes, yes, yes. Much has been done, but there are many any methods, approaches to this problem. Here I get this approach well: I take all these protocols, all these acts, put them in a heap, and to be honest, it helps to determine which circle of people was focused in one place or another. I can’t say in Sandarmokh now that Petrov lies in this pit, and Sidorov lies in the neighboring one, two pits there, but I know that both Petrov and Sidorov lie in Sandarmokh. And where is it there ... Well, you can, of course, try, to unite all 236 pits, draw a bunch of all sorts of different experts of the expensive and say that the bone from the left hand belongs to that, but I do not want to be an anthropologist from politics. For what? And to be honest, I also open these pits not to satisfy my painful curiosity. Firstly, I need to agree with the prosecutor’s office that these are places of executions, so I have to open, prove. Here, guys, send what you want examinations to, but this hole is in my head - it is definitely not from a cold. In order to determine the boundaries of the burial, because sometimes it is a very large area, like in the same Sandarmokh or a cemetery on the 8th lock of the Belomoro-Baltic Canal, if in Sandarmokh it is about 6.5 hectares, then on the badger mountains, the 8th gateway, there are more than 10 hectares. That is, I need to somehow identify the boundaries of the burial, where they are. Therefore, it is necessary.

- I know that you want to put a sign on Solovka in memory of visiting this place Maxim Gorky. Why do you need this?

- He was on Solovki for two days. And according to the results of his trip, a “wonderful” outline of Solovki appeared in quotation marks, where he simply described the work of the OGPU with the inherent literary talent and skill with his inherent literary talent and skill. И как раз пиком, наверное, его посещения Соловков было знакомство со штрафным изолятором на Секирной горе, он туда даже поднимался, видел, где сидели люди, штрафники. Он туда сходил, вышел оттуда и написал в книге отзывов, что восхищен работой товарищей чекистов, все замечательно и так далее, и тому подобное. Так вот, на том месте, где он сфотографировался с товарищами чекистами после посещения Секирной горы, я и хочу поставить такую маленькую информационную табличку. Туда перенесем вот эту фотографию, по которой мы определяли место, где стоял товарищ Горький. И хочу выбрать какую-то цитату из его современников, равных ему по мастерству литературному, может быть, Бунин, может, еще кто-то, кто о Горьком говорил. Туда, на Секирную гору, он еще приехал Буревестником, а оттуда, с горки уже спустился сталинским соколом. Ну, вот на этом месте, именно на этом историческом месте, и произошло падение его как личности.

Писатель Максим Горький на Секирной горе

– Неужели эта трансформация произошла с ним за эти два дня, а не раньше?

Тогда поднялась большая кампания во всем мире, что большевики используют труд заключенных для добычи валюты, индустриализация назревала

– Нет, ну, трансформация с ним случилась давно, потому что, как бы там нам ни говорили, что он был слаб легкими, жил в Италии, пролетарский писатель, он был далеко не бедным человеком и жил в Италии не потому, что ему там было полезно для легких, а потому, что ему не хотелось жить в той стране, в которой ничего хорошего не было. Когда он понял, что ему надо как-то выразить преданность, так сказать, определенным товарищам, – книгу "Отец" после книги "Мать" он не стал писать, но как-то выразить свою преданность ему надо было – и вот… Плюс ко всему прочему тогда поднялась большая кампания во всем мире, что большевики используют труд заключенных для добычи валюты, индустриализация назревала, деньги нужны были, лес нужен был... И вот зэки, соловецкие в том числе, те, которые были в лесу на Соловках, соловецкие зэки, которые были на материке, они валили лес, и лес шел на экспорт. Северный лес, он тяжелый, плотный, теплопроводность у него абсолютно другая, чем у лесов средней полосы. И для того, чтобы успокоить мировую общественность, что там зэки в нормальных, а не в нечеловеческих, как на самом деле, условиях работают, его и командировали, и он восхитился.

– К тому моменту, когда Горький приехал на Соловки, сколько людей там уже было расстреляно и закопано?

Ну, даст бог, найдем. Не мы найдем, так другие найдут, те, кто за нами пойдет

– Ой, кто же их знает… К сожалению, соловецких архивов мы нигде найти не можем. Ни в Карелии, ни в Архангельске. Территориально Соловки подчинялись все-таки Архангельской области, но ближе, так сказать, они к нашему берегу, поэтому управление соловецких лагерей было все-таки в Карелии, в Кеми, управление лагеря. Поэтому сколько там чего – никто не знает. Я первый раз приехал лет 20 назад на Соловки, и меня тоже спрашивали: "Что приехал?" Я говорю: "Да вот, ребята, слышал, что у вас тут покойников много было, а что-то вот смотрю, что с кладбищами как-то негусто. Если люди умирали, их же где-то хоронили". – "Ну, да, вот там, там, там, там, там…" Проверяешь – нету. "А вот там и там?" Тоже нету. "А вот мне бабка говорила, она здесь вот лично видела, вот тут, тут…" Проверяешь – нету. "Ну, тогда мы не знаем, где они"... Я работаю с тем, что имею под руками. Ну, вот одно кладбище удалось найти на Секирной горе, причем кладбище расстрелянных, но это 1925–26 год, может быть 1927-й, это не мой объект поиска, не мой соловецкий этап, который я искал. Скажем так, чекисты прятать концы в землю умели. Ну, даст бог, найдем. Не мы найдем, так другие найдут, те, кто за нами пойдет.