Are we ready for Kudrin's reforms?

The New Times published an analysis of the program of the CSR Kudrin. The former Deputy Minister of Economy of the Russian Federation offers its view of the program

Photo: Pixabay / Mimzy

A few days ago, the so-called short edition of the program of socio-economic development of Russia, prepared by the CSR, was presented. I must say right away - I want to live in the country described by experts, and I like how this program is written - it is written for a common person, and not for an official or only the president. And this is the first step in implementing the main value installation of the program - it is about a person, about the quality of his life, about the state for humans. And you need to start with the tongue.

The main meaning of the published program is the priority of the quality of life as the main goal of state policy with the definition of specific indicators according to most parameters. And not the rate on the figures of economic growth, the influx of investments, the number of high -tech jobs, etc. - all these are important and necessary indicators that characterize economic development, but completely incomprehensible to a common person.

Another fundamental moment is an attempt to convince both citizens and the state that a change in human life is not only important (and perhaps the main one), but also achievable.

And here there are several very sensitive questions, the answers to which will help evaluate the implementation of the strategy. And that of its expanded version, which will contain specific measures.

What needs to be done to achieve the stated goals?

First. We must abandon paternalism and stop forming the appropriate mood and expectations in society. The priority of a person in the system of relations of man-state is not only the dominance of human rights, but also the responsibility of a person for his life, and not shifting it in full to the state and the president. This is a requirement to create conditions for self -realization and the desire for high standards of life, and not satisfaction guaranteed by the whole minimum. This is an appeal to the state as an institute and each official in a particular case with the requirement to fulfill his duties, and not with a prayer to allow this and that. Accordingly, this is the right to be a dissatisfied state and its representatives and the obligation of the state to respond to this discontent not by restriction of the activity of citizens, but to the correction of the situation and the restoration of violated rights. It is necessary to talk about rights and demand their compliance, but not enough. You need to take responsibility. Both citizens and the state. Are we ready for this?

People die or become disabled because they do not have time to treat them or even refuse it, make incorrect diagnoses, prescribe the wrong medicines, treat in hospitals where the conditions are terrible

Second. The achievement of the declared goals requires a comprehensive strategic approach and serious high -quality financing. What does it mean - a comprehensive strategic approach? This means determining the indicators that need to be achieved, not to change them and not abandon them in the first difficulties of achieving them. This is a system of measures that ensure the achievement of targets. For example, the task of improving the duration of a healthy life for five years requires qualitatively different financing of healthcare, improving the quality of training of future medical workers, including general practitioners, creating worthy conditions for their labor and taking patients. And this is the repair of clinics and district hospitals, and not just the construction of new high -tech medical centers. People die or become disabled because they do not have time to treat them or even refuse it, make the wrong diagnoses, prescribe the wrong medicines, treat them in hospitals where there are no places in the wards or the conditions are so terrible that it is simply impossible to cure there. This is true to almost all institutions outside of large cities, and often to them. Almost 70% of settlements in the village do not have their medical institutions, which in 2014, for example, led to an increase in the mortality of their inhabitants. People simply cannot be taken to the place where they will be assisted, including because a third of settlements in the country are outside the routes of public transport. Not always good intentions lead to the declared result. It is enough to recall how the May 2012 president’s May decrees were implemented at least in terms of raising salaries to teachers and doctors. The task was set extremely clearly - the remuneration of these categories of specialists should be higher than the average in the region. As a result, if we talk about healthcare, we received optimization, which expressed a reduction in hospital organizations, beds and doctors.

The therapist with an increase in the load on it can receive 20–25 thousand rubles, and administrative senior staff - more than 180 thousand rubles. On average, the increase that is reported in the reports. The beneficiaries of even this good measure were officials from medicine and education, and not doctors and teachers

I will give data from official statistics. For example, in 2012, 6200 institutions with 92.9 beds per 10 thousand people functioned, and in 2016 these indicators decreased to 5400 and 81.6, respectively. The same picture for medical personnel-so, the number of doctors decreased from 703.2 thousand. In 2012-to 680.9 thousand. If in 2012 there were 49.1 doctors by 10 thousand patients (I apologize for the crushing of living people, but statistics are statistics), then in 2016 there were already 46.4. Thus, the maneuver on the implementation of the May decrees came down to a reduction in personnel, due to which the rest increased the salary. Yes, on average, a doctor in Russia now receives 73.2 thousand rubles. With an average salary around the country, almost 41.7 thousand. Obviously, this is not the goal that had to be achieved. There is another manipulation with numbers when it comes to the middle salaries “in the hospital” (here this idiom is appropriate as it is nowhere). It is enough to talk with any practicing doctor of the state institution to understand that there is a huge imbalance in the distribution of salaries. Roughly speaking, the therapist with an increase in the load on it can receive 20–25 thousand rubles, and administrative senior staff - more than 180 thousand rubles. On average, the increase that is reported in the reports. Did doctors live better from this? The answer is obvious. In general, it turned out that the beneficiaries of even this good measure were officials from medicine and education.

Another example. An increase in the level of pension provision requires the creation of a balanced stable pension system with a clear understanding of what kind of pension the state can pay, what pension ratio to lost earnings is considered the minimum acceptable and the role and role of other instruments of accumulation of future pensions - non -state pension funds. And, of course, if the task of raising pensions is not a fiction, then it simply excludes the possibility of calculating a pension in points. The system of accruing a social pension should be understood by the citizen, otherwise he has the feeling that all his experience, experience and work will still be burned in a confusing distribution scheme. And that means why show white income, why accumulate significant experience? And to achieve these two goals, a transport and social infrastructure is needed, production that ensures the production of products for the elderly, etc. This is needed for significant funds. Are we ready to start financing a person and his needs, and not just the means of destroying him? We are already just like air are clear goals and understanding how to achieve them. And at the same time, to have enough will in order not to revise the declared indicators in every change in the economic situation, to abandon the temptation to change the calculation method so as to report on success, as well as financing sufficient to solve these problems. And, of course, there should be direct responsibility for all these indicators. If you accept them as national projects, then this is the responsibility of project managers.

We deliberately discredited a private business. Are we ready to admit that it is business, and not the state creates a product that society then consumes? That the desire of the entrepreneur to extract profit from his activities is normal? And the state should encourage this in every possible way

I gave only two examples in terms of the declared goals, but they are perhaps the most indicative.

The proposed logic of state policy requires strong institutions that guarantee the independence of priorities from the will, desire, the ability of a particular process of the process (official). This means a policy of encouraging success, not loyalty (and in relation to officials and business), the actual development of competition-competition in everything-from the right to access some state order to the right to take a particular position, etc., etc. We are ready to refuse to use informal ties as a competitive advantage?

One of the institutions of the new economy, focused on humans, should be such a business climate that would encourage entrepreneurial activity. In the 1990s, which are now accepted exclusively to scold, it was the entrepreneurial activity of citizens, their readiness and the ability to earn money without the help of the state ensured the transition to a market economy and preserved the state. The business climate as a priority has been talking about the last ten years. But the number of entrepreneurs is reduced, the concentration of the economy around large companies is growing mainly with state participation. The situation is aggravated by unprecedented pressure on the business from the law enforcement system. We deliberately discredited a private business. Are we ready to admit that it is business, and not the state creates a product that society then consumes? Are we finally ready to admit that the desire of the entrepreneur to extract profit from his activity is normal? And the state should encourage this in every possible way and maintain success, and not the most worthy from someone’s point of view and selected according to some criteria?

The return to the triad man - the state to the priority of the first two means the creation (not the reform, but the creation) of the independent judicial system - the true referee, acting not in the fulfillment of the will of the state or its individual representatives, but in the interests of law and the establishment of truth. The femid is ready to blindfold again and are some of us ready that she will tie them?

The answers to these and other questions will mean the implementation or inconsistency of plans to improve the quality of life of Russian citizens.

I want to live in Russia, which the authors of the strategy plan to see in 2024. But you can’t wait for the country to change itself, you need to start today. And in many ways from yourself. Otherwise, it will be a beautiful picture that has nothing to do with reality, as plans to build communism in due time.

* The author is the President of the Association of Non -State Pension Funds (ANPF), Chairman of the Board of the National Association of Investment and Development Agencies (Naair). Since 2008, he worked in the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, in 2012-2014 - Deputy Minister. He was dismissed from his position as chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev for saying on Facebook - apologized for the government’s decision to freeze funds in non -state pension funds

The author’s opinion may not coincide with the opinion of the editorial office