Translated material
Expert hack
If you make an error in the project (or during the manufacture) of a structure or complex technical product, then as a result this thing (plane, car, rocket, bridge, building, etc.) may not go, not fly, fall, break, show not the characteristics that expected from it. In medicine, errors also sometimes lead to serious consequences: the wrong tablet was given, they cut it off or sewed ... But what will happen if mistakes are made in the humanitarian sphere? Well, they didn’t perform music, the wrong information was written in the book, they played the wrong cinema, they put the signs in the museum, etc. As if it’s not scary?
As an example, we propose to pay attention to such a completely humanitarian sphere as conducting state historical and cultural examinations. Experts who carry out these works have appropriate certificates, and the results of the examinations have a significant impact on the further fate of those objects that the expert is engaged in the study. This is not just an article in a newspaper or in a scientific collection, where there can be a typo in the date or quotation marks are missed. No, the state historical and cultural examination is the basis for making decisions about the fate of the facility: from the development of many millions of rubles to the exception of historical monuments and demolition from the category of historical monuments. So these are not just words, you can win the court with this paper.
But is it possible to force such a responsible work in obviously impossible deadlines, when there is no time to double -check the facts, to study archival documents? Obviously, in this case, such examinations will certainly appear where historical facts will be distorted, and various fantasies will be issued for scientifically sound information. Someone will say: well, if errors do not affect the final conclusion of the examination, then it’s not scary. Perhaps, but how to determine: do these errors and fantasies affect the conclusion or not? If errors clearly demonstrate that the author of the examination does not know the history of the object and the features of its development in time, does not understand the reasons for the appearance of certain changes, then how can one talk about the adequate final conclusion about the fate of a particular historical object?
For clarity, we chose three historical and cultural examinations for objects in the Leningrad Region, which we are well aware of, and decided to study them.
Let's start with the “Act of the State Historical and Cultural Examination to ensure the safety during the project“ Restoration and improvement of the hydraulic systems of the Old Lodozhsky, Molloevsky channels in Shlisselburg ””, posted on the website of the Committee on Culture of the Leningrad Region on May 15, 2017 1 . Such documents once again prove the usual thesis: no one is interested in the essence of documents, only the observance of formal procedures is important for everyone. For a poorly educated official, this act may seem like a serious document, but a knowledgeable specialist will say that this is a banal unsubscription. Firstly, the study period is only 7 days. Secondly, according to the contract submitted, the deadline is generally negative, that is, the act should be submitted before the signing of the contract (the contract was concluded on April 17, 2017, and the deadline for the delivery of work on April 14, 2017). Thirdly, archival materials are not indicated among the sources (p. 6). Fourth, the author of the examination simply repeats the mistakes from popular literature for the long time.
Consider these errors and inaccuracies in more detail. On page 8, the expert writes: “ The Old Ladoga Canal was built in the 18th century. It will stretch along the southern coast of Lake Ladoga and connects the mouth of the river. Svir with the source of the Neva River . " This is complete nonsense - to combine three channels built at different times, one! After all, the Ladoga Canal was opened in 1731, Syasky-in 1802 and Svirsky in 1810. But on page 10, the expert is already adhering to a different concept: “ The Old Ladozhsky Canal is the largest hydraulic structure of Europe in the 18th century. The channel was built from 1719 to 1730, stretched for 117 km ... ” And what point of view of the expert should be believed? Then, on page 11, the expert reports that “ in 1826, the most serious changes took place on the channel that created the current face, his image, his granite cladding of gateways and water circuits appears throughout the entire length. At the same time, on the south side of the canal, a twine -melted bchebnik was arranged - more convenient travel along the canal. ” Only one who is very poorly versed in the hydraulic construction of the XIX century can write this, because work on the construction of a new four -chamber gateway (and not facing the old) in Shlisselburg was carried out from 1822 to 1833, and on the reconstruction of the gateways in the new Ladoga - from 1834 to 1841. Work on the restructuring of the gateway on the Molloevsky Canal took place from 1836 to 1842. Yes, and the twine existed from the very beginning, since this is not a “more convenient passage”, but an integral part of the channel along which horses (bolakes) walked and pulled ships with a load. There was no other way before the appearance of steam traction in the 19th century for moving bares on the canal. The expert, apparently, also does not know about the fact that a significant part (36 versts) of the twine for a long time was used as part of the Arkhangelogorodsky postal tract. There is no talk of strengthening the walls of the canal and much more that can be discovered during clearing. Why bother yourself with an archival search and read thousands of pages of original documents? After all, it takes time, money; It is much easier to rewrite everything from popular books per week - and the report is ready. What is not hack?
The second example is the object of cultural heritage of federal significance with the name "building of the post station where Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin stopped." In connection with the repair work in 2017, the next historical and cultural examination was conducted, published on the official website of the Committee on Culture of the Leningrad Region on February 27, 2017 2 . But here they confuse several facts. The first: why does the “building” appear in the name of the object, where A. S. Pushkin stopped, despite the fact that the building of the post station, according to the examination approved in 2017, was built between 1836–1843? They may object to us: they say that the old post station could stand in this place, where the poet stopped. But if it was another station building, then why not to call the object honestly: “The place on which was the old building of the post station, where A. S. Pushkin stopped”? No, they don't write. Although even if they wrote it, it would still be a distortion of reality, since the post station on the Old Belarusian tract was not where the station was set up on the new section of the Dinaburg highway built in the late 1830s-early 1840s. The existing museumified post station is located almost 300 m west of the old Belarusian tract. On maps and space cosmits, this tract is read in the form of a dirt road the old knee - the new poddube - expressed. From the archival description of the Belarusian tract, made in the 1820s, it follows that the post station was expressed in 71 fathoms from the 26th layout along the tract. Immediately after the milestone column, a dam and a bridge over Oredezh began. So, most likely, the old postal station in Zer was almost 600 m from the one that was built in 1839-1840. The reasons for why experts, referring to page 8 to the imperial decree, ignored the information contained in it. Maybe they wanted (or so entrusted?) At least somehow combine the dates of Pushkin’s life with the dating of the monument of federal significance. But the station in Zer could not begin to build in 1836, as experts claim, since in accordance with clause 3 of the reporting notes of the Minister of Internal Affairs, approved by the emperor’s name of the emperor of April 4, 1836, in 1836 it was necessary to begin the construction of only five stations - a housewarming, Gorodets, Katoro, Mokhovaya and the Crosses - to submit preliminary considerations for the withdrawal or acquisition of the withdrawal or acquisitions of the withdrawal or acquisitions land and compilation of estimates for the construction of mail houses. As for the more accurate dating of the creation of station buildings in the cutter, you can contact other sources. So, for example, in the increase of No. 62 to the St. Petersburg Vedomosti, on March 17, 1839, an announcement was published on the upcoming on April 3, 1839, auction for a construction of a Dynaburg highway at the Stone Postal House station. Thus, the existing station on the Kiev highway could not be built earlier than 1839 and therefore cannot be associated with the name of Pushkin, who died on January 29, 1837. In addition, the archives preserved information on the completion of the construction of station buildings in the fall of 1840. But, apparently, the responsible persons are not interested in real facts, since they want to have a postal station at which Pushkin was supposed to stop and serve as a prototype of the Samson Vyrin station caretaker. The third example is “Act of the State Historical and Cultural Examination of the Project of the Cultural Heritage Object Zones of the Federal Demidov House, 1774–1780, located at the address:
Leningrad Region, Gatchinsky district, g. Thaits ”, published on June 15, 2018 on the website of the Committee on Culture of the Leningrad Region 3 . Here we meet with a slightly different situation. In particular, on page 58, the “historical and cultural support plan” is presented, where the object of the cultural heritage of the federal significance “Taitsky water carrier” is incorrectly applied (which was called “Taitsky’s water supply” for all the time of its almost 130-year existence in all historical documents). In this figure, it is shown by Thais - Ur. Kupriyanovka, while in reality it is from the southern and southeast side.
At the same time, in the same materials of the “Act” there are schemes and fragments of cards, which shows a fairly accurate location of the Taitsky water supply (water conduit) - on Ill. 8, located on page 176, on Ill. 12 on p. 179. That is, it turns out that the expert did not understand the initial data he collected and could not compare archival and historical materials with the actual position of the Taitsky water supply on the ground. Thus, it turns out that in the “scheme of the recommended boundary of the territory of the cultural heritage object“ The Manor House of Demidov ”, 1774–1780, located at the address: Leningrad region, Gatchinsky district, the city of Thais”, presented on page 64, actually includes part of another object of cultural heritage - the Taitsky water supply (water supply), which takes place from The southeast side of the Thais-Ur. Kupriyanovka. But the experts do not talk about this imposition anywhere. In their pictures, everything is beautiful and everything is in different places. By the way, in this last case, guided by Article 30 “The Regulations on the State Historical and Cultural Expertise”, we managed to send our proposals to the Committee on Culture of the Leningrad Region to take into account this inconsistency.
So, we examined only three examples, although there are others. It seems that there are no visible and inevitable consequences - no one died, nothing exploded. It is so convenient - "We allow you to hack a neighbor in exchange for his consent that he will forgive us for hack." Probably, in an isolated case, nothing special will happen. But when there are more such cases - hundreds, thousands, millions? For comparison: imagine that you had a piece of paper from your pocket. If I noticed, then I picked it up, but it happens that I didn’t see it, and then a gust of wind. And if one piece of paper throws a thousand, a million people? And if, instead of one piece of paper, two, three or a bag of garbage are thrown? So in the case of hack: the avalanche begins to grow rapidly - and harmless little things suddenly swell and grow into huge metastases that begin to destroy society in all areas. Sometimes you suddenly notice how stupidity, clothed in an official document, begins to live a very active life. Holtura becomes the norm of life-someone did not do something, did not, did not smoke, unrevigns, did not say ... Think, the wrong numbers, the wrong address, the wrong name, the wrong place, not that detail ...
Alexander Potnovnov, Tatyana Khmelnik,
Project "Region Vutika. North-West ” ( www.regionavtica.ru ),
Laureates of the Enlightener-2015 Prize in the nomination "Local Lore"
The Acts of the GIKE specified in the text are available on the website culture.lenobl.ru/departament/gike
1 culture.lenobl.ru/files/gike/1494834634akt_ike_staroladozhskii_kanal.pdf