1903 Publication of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion

115 years ago, on September 10, 1903, the far-right St. Petersburg newspaper Znamya, published by Duma deputy Pavel Krushevan, began publishing a "document" called "The Program for the Conquest of the World by the Jews," better known as the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion."

In 1921, the Irish journalist Philip Graves proved that the Protocols were a fake, based on the pamphlet "Dialogue in Hell between Montesquieu and Machiavelli", published in France in 1864 and directed against Napoleon III. Subsequently, the "Protocols" were widely used by anti-Semites throughout the world.