Project of the photographer Sergey Stroyelev about hatred crimes in Russia

Since 2016, documentary photographer Sergey Stroyelev has been working on the “Color of violence” project, which talks about migrants and refugees who have been attacked on the basis of hatred.

We present a fragment of this project. It consists of portraits of surviving victims, as well as photobots of criminals who attacked them. The photographer Buildelev himself simulated these photobots according to the description of the victims, and the psychologist Lina Egorova commented on them on the basis of the constitutional typology of Kretschmer - the Slaldon, in which the type of physique is considered as a certain predetermination of the character and inclinations of a person. The project and opinions of ordinary Muscovites who live in the most dangerous areas for migrants are completed.

Francis. 48 years, Congo.

He lives in Russia for four years, works in a rehabilitation Orthodox center

Francis was attacked in Podolsk near the railway station late in the evening. Трое молодых людей, хорошо одетых и немного говорящих на английском языке, подошли к нему и спросили «не хочет ли ниггер сфотографироваться». Francis asked not to call himself like that. Но издевательские вопросы продолжились: «любит ли он бананы», «ест ли он обезьян», «почему он так хорошо для ниггера одет». Then they asked to give them a jacket. When Francis refused, one of the attackers, swearing, took out a knife. Francis took off his jacket, but the young people did not lag behind and demanded that they also take off their jacket. Francis refused. Then one of the attackers put a knife in his stomach, while the other two held him.

Further Francis does not remember anything. He woke up already in the hospital. The doctor said that God loves him very much, because they do not survive with such a wound.

There was no criminal case.

Francis was sheltered by a familiar Orthodox priest. On his advice, the man forgave the attackers and does not hold anger.

Photo robots of the attackers compiled according to the descriptions of Francis

Comment by psychologist Lina Egorova

* The first criminal : stuck (on thoughts or in an affective reaction); depressive, prone to auto -aggression (potential suicider or addict; in this case, drug addiction can be considered as passive suicide); "Involved", with a randomly received profession.

• The second criminal : a schizoid with the features of demonstrativeness; Perhaps homosexual; Perhaps a transgender; resorted to plastic surgery; praised to idee.

• The third criminal : vengeful, demonstrative, underground; “For yourself on my mind”; Perhaps a former athlete who has gone into crime.

From the editorial office

The New Gazeta contacted the psychologist Lina Egorova and asked her to tell about the disputes and doubts about the “scientific” and ethics of the methodology of compiling a psychological portrait according to the photobot. We publish her answer.

Dear readers of Novaya Gazeta!

The current publication of the "new" needs additional explanation. Sergey Strolev contacted me with a request for the oral commentary of portraits-photobots, on the condition that I find out who these people are, only after I express my assumptions about them.

My comments are precisely the assumptions about what the personal characteristics of these people are what they can do, how their problems can manifest. They are not a conclusion, do not claim to be unconditional truth.

Making these assumptions, I partly relied on my opinion and clinical experience, but mainly on the research existing in this field. In such studies, attempts were made to trace the relationship between the physical appearance of a person and his personal characteristics. For example, there is a constitutional typology developed by Sheldon and Kretschmer, connecting individual differences in physique with the characteristics of temperament and personal characteristics.

The study of how the character can manifest on faces was engaged in the Hungarian psychoanalyst L. Sonda, who created a projective test, on the basis of portraits of people who suffered from various psychopathologies. Each series of dough consists of portraits belonging to various personal radicals. The idea of ​​Sondi was that when choosing portraits, the subject, relying on visual impressions, would be guided by his own subconscious drives. Accordingly, portraits have certain characteristics that can be noticed and analyzed by identifying external types inherent in each of the radicals.

In Russia, in Russia, the Sondi test was adapted by L.N. Rebel, exists in a computer version called “Portrait Elections Method”, and is used both in clinical psychodiagnostics and in the prec an police. Eight Sonda Factor-Faces in it are compared with the individual typological approach of the theory of leading tendencies.

It is not necessary to literally understand what they saw, we are talking about the trend, the direction of drives and the features of the response inherent in the individual. For example, if the conclusion speaks of pronounced schizoid features, it is not necessary to conclude that the examined by all means schizoid psychopath. The point is that the features of individualism, the distance in the contacts, the originality of thinking are revealed.

Assumptions about sexual preferences, perversions, professions of people in portraits are also not unconditionally true, these are just choice options for this type of personality.

Radical nationalism is often the opportunity for problematic people to lose their psychological stress, and this, unfortunately, finds support and approval in society. Unfortunately, now many people are tended to justify such crimes, to blame people who have come here not from a good life. As usual, is always the most unprotected.

Lina Egorova

Opinions of passers -by Muscovites about visitors

Michael, unemployed : “Everyone has their own house. Where he was born there and came in handy. ”

Ivan, unemployed : “Chukur must be driven from Russia. Let them go home and do not stick out. ”

NUMBERS

11 960 763 foreigners in Russia (according to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs for the first half of 2018).

Men from Central Asia aged 18 to 60 are the main victims of attacks.

The numerical superiority of the attackers and evening time are the main conditions of attacks on foreigners.

A knife is the most common attack of attack. (report of the information and analytical center "Owl" for 2017)

2015 is a decline in crimes on the basis of hatred. Many associate this with the fact that the state began to pursue representatives of Nazi groups.

Ordinary people, not members of nationalist gangs, are currently committing the vast majority of crimes against visitors. During interrogations, they do not hide their aggressive attitude. (Information "Civil assistance".)

2235 crimes against visitors recorded the information and analytical center “OVA” for 2007-2018.

There are no official data on the crimes of hatred on the basis of xenophobia in Russia.

28% of Russians believe that it is not necessary to introduce restrictions on living any nations in our country.

Jahangir

Lives in Russia for 4 years, a worker

Jahangira was attacked two years ago in Podolsk, where he worked at a construction site. At about 11 pm, the young man went to visit a friend with his brother, when the middle -aged chopped man and the woman called them out, asking for a cigarette. There was no cigarette, and the woman with the words “Churchs broke completely” began to push men. The brother tried to take Jahangira, but he stubbornly asked the woman why she insults him. Her companion at that time called on the phone: "Draise the bat!" Very quickly people came to them, Jahangiru broke the skull of a baseball bat, beaten their feet. The young man was hospitalized. After the attack, he left for Tajikistan, but then returned - in his homeland it is impossible to make a complex operation that he has to.

Now he regrets that he did not leave, but began to argue. On the street, Jahangir looks around all the time, does not leave the house after 22.00. He moved from Podolsk because of fear. He wants the attackers to be punished by law. An application for an attack is submitted, but there is no movement in the case.

Photo robots of two attackers compiled according to the descriptions of Jahangira

Comment by psychologist Lina Egorova

* The first criminal : addictive (dependent), demonstrative, in interpersonal relationships - a manipulator; Sexual deviations are possible; Perhaps the musician. (In reality - a woman. - Auth . )

• The second criminal : demonstrative, unstable, explosive, sadistic, emotionally cold-district; Perhaps he worked in power structures.

Opinions of passers -by Muscovites about visitors

Dmitry, driver: “I can’t say that it’s delighted. You go along the street, and there is not a single local around. It’s strange somehow, this was not there before. The place has spoiled. "

Eduard, student: “Migrants take up jobs from the locals. This is the established fact. If they weren’t, people would work, and not thumped. ”

Jumahon.

He lives in Russia for about 10 years, taxi driver

Jumahon was attacked in the Ruzsky district (Moscow region). He worked as a taxi driver, came to the call. Seeing that Jumahon of Non -Slavic appearance, customers began to call him a chock and a monkey, pulled his beard, shouted, swearing. It was not possible to reassure them, the brawl began, as a result, customers called the police. The law enforcement officers got out of the car with weapons, a fight with them began. As a result, Jumahon received a bullet into the thigh.

Now a man undergoes complex treatment in one of the Moscow hospitals. He is afraid for his Russian wife and two children. He does not understand how you can now feel safe. It is laughing in that you need to shave, you cannot wear a beard in Russia.

Jumahon does not feel hatred for the Russians, he lived in Russia for a very long time, married and is not going to leave.

The criminal case on the incident has been instituted. The police are engaged in the verification of Dzhumakhon's documents, now there is a question about his deportation.

Photobots of the three attackers compiled according to the descriptions of Jumahon

Comment by psychologist Lina Egorova

* The first criminal: organic disorders, affective-stripped, hot-tempered, but capable of controlling itself if necessary; capable of concentration, stubborn; Former athlete (possibly bar, martial arts).

• The second criminal: organic disorders, anxious, depressive; The first reaction in stressful situations is fading.

• The third criminal: psychopath with demonstrative features, addictive (dependent); Perhaps a drug addict.

Opinions of passers -by Muscovites about visitors

Igor, the foreman: “The main thing for me is that you can go out calmly in the evening for a walk with the child, so, in principle, it happens. In this area, mostly labor migrants live. I myself was the head of the working group from migrants, normal guys. I remember that they did not want to teach Russian at all that in vain. And they thumped, rarely, but hard - and then they completely demolished the roof. ”

Kirill, student: “I am walking around this area every day, I saw a lot. If you summarize everything, then without migrants it would be, of course, calmer. But who will now remove them from here. ”

Sulaimon.

Lives in Russia for 13 years, is engaged in repair work

Two years ago, in Moscow, Sulaimon returned from work by the subway along with his nephew. The boy played on the phone, a man of about 60 came up to him and began to insult, called it “chock” and said that “black” should not stagger around Moscow and go down in the subway. Suddenly, the man took out a gun from his pocket. Sulaimon did not take him seriously, he did not hear such threats in Moscow for the first time, besides, the man was a little drunk and the pistol resembled a toy. But the man put a gun to Sulaimon's head and shot. Sulaimon was injured in the eye, head and chest. But he managed to grab the attacker from the attacker, his nephew hid in the crowd. At the nearest station, police officers were waiting for them, who first decided that he was a criminal. But soon the shooter was detained according to the description and pistol, now he is under investigation. It is extremely difficult to find witnesses - no one wants to testify, although there were many passengers in the wagon.

The attacker is trying to put up the case as if Sulaimon attacked the Muscovite, and he himself was defending himself.

At the moment, Sulaimon is waiting for an operation to remove the eye.

Photobot of the attacker, compiled according to the description of Sulaimon

Comment by psychologist Lina Egorova

* Criminal: the presence of organics, affective discharge is possible; vindictive; drinker; By occupation, perhaps a coach or a fireman.

Opinions of passers -by Muscovites about visitors

Maxim, taxi driver: "Those who go to work, like norms, the rest of the greyhounds, behave very brazenly, especially if they go in groups."

Alexey, a sports teacher: “I am engaged in the site in front of the house every evening. I had skirmishes with a couple of people, now you can’t figure out who was right and who was to blame. The attitude was not good, and it became even worse. ”

Antonio.

Lives in Russia for 23 years

Antonio was attacked four years ago in the train "Mytishchi -Moscow." On this day, a football match was held, and eight fans rode in the carriage. Antonio heard the phrase: “Let's kill this monkey,” after which the young people ran to the man and began to beat him with their feet, defeated his whole face.

Antonio, who was in Angola Pastor, decided not to institute criminal proceedings: he says that he forgave the attackers. However, in Russia he feels unprotected. He tells that on the streets he calls him a “black dog”, “monkey”, in the subway they are settled from the leper.

Photobots of the three attackers compiled according to the descriptions of Antonio

Comment by psychologist Lina Egorova

* The first criminal: rigid, not inclined to reflection (self -digging), while sensual type, sexually active; Interest in risky activities, possibly car races or just a fan of fast driving; Profession as sublimation - cook, butcher.

• The second criminal: passive-aggressive; Perhaps the drinker; contemplator; Waiting for trouble.

• The third criminal: schizoid, sociopath, possibly drug addict; perversions are possible; ambitious, but not achieving high results due to quick exhaustion.

Opinions of passers -by Muscovites about visitors

Dmitry, where he works, did not say: “You seem to need problems if you are so late here, or you have nothing to do that you are pestering people with such questions.”

Tatyana, teacher: "We all go under one god, what difference does it make, what is the color of the skin."

Comments

Alexey Gaskarov

Anti -fascist

- The peak of attacks on people of non -Slavic appearance was approximately in 2008. The Antifa movement began to politically resist this, conduct demonstrations, promotions, as well as communicate with journalists. And in 2010, several thousand people were really imprisoned under articles related to attacks on foreigners. Cases of attacks are usually revealed with the help of social networks, activists are associated with the Civil Assistance Foundation for assistance. It is impossible to win, while in general there are some contradictions in the country.

Zara Harutyunyan

psychologist

- From a biological point of view, aggression is characteristic of every person. We do not use aggression, because these are the rules of our society, in our world it is not customary to do this. This, however, is a big problem, but now it is the least biological. Aggression in relation to others is broadcast both at the ideological and cultural level. If there is in any film, in any series a character of a different ethnicity, then at best it is ridiculous, in the worst case - it is bad. This is the absolute reality of our modern cultural context. To solve this problem, a huge job should be done, correct, thin and delicate. Now it is not at all. There are manifestations of “culture of hatred” even in a regular school, where teachers in a conversation with each other use expressions like “this girl, who is not Russian, narrow -eyed.”

Prepared by Maria Efimova, using the data of the Civil Promotion Foundation and the information and analytical center "Owl"