Epidemic HIV

That this week lawyers and civil activists are discussing in Russia

• In Russia, concerts of musicians are prohibited . In social networks they talk about the return of censorship, musicians want freedom of creativity.
• Human rights activists demand to adopt the law "On the prevention of family-domestic violence." So far, homemade violence in Russia has been decriminalized.
• Russia has become a leader in the speed of HIV spread among European countries. The epidemic went beyond risk groups and threatens the entire population.

Sing in the kitchen

A scandal is developing around a mass breakdown and prohibitions in Russia of popular concerts - mainly among young people - performers. Last Monday Oximiron, Noise MS and Basta came in support of rapper Husky. Officials achieved the breakdown of four of his concerts in a row, and for an attempt by the musician to speak in front of fans on Husky Street, they sent 12 days under arrest. However, this decision was quickly changed.

The concerts of the musician Nike Borzov in Russia have not yet been prohibited. But once, the State Duma, in all seriousness for two hours, discussed at a plenary meeting the question of whether it was possible to leave a song about Vova on the federal air, which knows three obscene words.

Video version of the program

Here is how Nike Borzov himself evaluates the actions of regional officials, police and representatives of the active community, which lead to the cancellation of concerts of various youth groups across the country.

Nike Borzov: I am against any prohibitions. Apparently, people find in these texts something that they do not like, and want to make their children not listen to this. But I do not understand how this can be done with simple prohibitions.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: And what has changed? About 15 years ago, your "horse" who is lucky, your "three words" with a guy who takes a prostitute and condoms - all this was on the air of federal radio stations, and this was normally treated. "Forbidden drummers" condemned the murder of an African American. Why did it suddenly become taboo topics?

On people in this country, everyone does not give a shit. And what about the people who bought a concert ticket?

Nike Borzov: More recently, this was the destiny of the marginals, we were cooked in some underground, that is, few heard it - maybe more adults. And now all this moved to the mainstream, in mass culture, began to spin around the radio stations: it is clear that they paid attention to this. My song "Three Words" began to twist through the first channel in the "Morning Mail". And some deputy saw this in the morning. Apparently, the piece did not go into the throat, because yesterday he dangled with a prostitute - ashamed, his wife sits nearby ... immediately began to sweat, blush, and be nervous. And the wife, apparently, was drawn all: "What is it?" - And like any woman, purely at intuition arranged for him in the morning some kind of trash. The guy came to work with a bad mood and arranged a trash with his subordinates. And so we received a discussion at the plenary meeting of the State Duma of my song "Three Words", a completely harmless children's song.

That this week lawyers and civil activists are discussing in Russia

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Maryana Torocheshnikova: But now the songs are not discussing at the plenary meetings of the State Duma. Now they simply offer everything around them to ban and break the concerts that people bought tickets to.

Nike Borzov: Well, what to talk about concerts?! .. If you go out, and it’s better to drive away from Moscow a little, then you will hear such stories ... Everyone in this country does not give a shit. And what to say about the people who bought a ticket for a concert? .. There is no medicine, there is no education, everything is destroyed ... Therefore - do not care.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: But then it turns out that officials divide people into those who do not give a damn and those who do not give a damn (for example, on the parental public). Orthodox and other religious activists often oppose some concerts or performances. And on the other hand, there are people who want to see and hear it. That is, it turns out that social activists are “more equal” and “more correct”, or what?

Nike Borzov: There is such a concept- an “Overton window” : in five stages you can make an official and normal in society something that has recently been prohibited (for example, pedophilia or necrophilia). You can make sure that all people do this, and that would be normal. Of course, this is from the category of conspiracy the troubles, but some prohibitions, committees, public organizations-I have the feeling that all this is the work of the Kremlin PR department. Roughly speaking, now you are paying money - and they create a “movement” (well, so as not to invest in advertising). The Kremlin PR department simply uses the mechanisms that has at its disposal: the courts, for example, create the organization of mothers, some Orthodox Cossacks. Well, how would it all be fakes that should create an overton window. It seems to me that now you pay money to Mr. Peskov, for example, and he creates a PR campaign to you.

The same was the same with the cord. He was forbidden, for two years he could not do anything, and then he went to “mow” in the stadiums that so far no one has not thought enough. This is all PR campaigns (maybe this is not so, but it smells very much). But all this will pass, and the same Husky will collect stadiums in a year or two in a year or two.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: And if you do not approach this from a conspiracy point of view, can we say that the state actively imposes censorship?

Nike Borzov: Not only censorship. And not only plants, but professes an anti -human attitude to his citizens.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: What can the musicians who fell under the distribution be opposed to this?

Nike Borzov: I can say to myself. I am now writing down a new record, and it will be a masterpiece of psychedelic, romantic, musical ecstasy: nothing forbidden, but at the same time - nothing permitted. It will be paradoxical. I have no mention of drugs or some forbidden pieces, I do not swear in my solo albums. I have projects where I am only in this language and speak, but in solo work I do not like to use this vocabulary. And here is my new album-it will be a contribution to creativity, to art, and not to the Hype or in something such a little town and momentary.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, in your opinion, what is happening now around rap artists, young groups, is Haip?

Nike Borzov: At least many “hip” on this. Later, when someone gets into something, many join this movement and begin to scream. Or someone makes some kind of statement that resonates very well, and at once very many begin to subscribe to it or argue with it. I am for beautiful art, for intellectual, and it doesn’t matter what it is: protest or completely meaningless.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: But Russian officials now live: they don’t like something specifically, so “let's forbid it for everyone.”

Nike Borzov: This is all from stupidity, stupidity and desire to cut the “dough” purely.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: From your point of view, it is possible in modern Russia the situation when a rather large part of the musicians will again go underground, as before?

Nike Borzov: And many are already leaving. And everyone does not give a damn about television and radio. I live on the Internet, all my work there. This is the same underground. This is not a mass media. There, people can still choose: he went there, there he hugged something, here something hooked, did not like it-passed by. There is an opportunity to choose. And it looks like our real life, because we also always have a choice. The only thing we do not have is the opportunity to not choose.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Now they have come for youth groups, for rappers - who is the next?

Nike Borzov: I don’t know ... Already ordinary people are planting for reposts. Rapers or other musicians are the same people like everyone else, they just stand on stage. Now the control of credit cards, in the near future, will surely close the boundaries, overlap the world Internet and the creation of a local network. All this is not far off.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Back in the Ussr?

Nike Borzov: It seems to me that it will be worse. There, at least people were perceived as something necessary for the work of the state mechanism, and now the state and people are two different planets, two different galaxies that are completely non-interconnected. The only compound is when the state needs something. And the state has long made it clear that he didn’t give a damn about people in this country, judging by his actions. Therefore, people do not give a damn about the state.

Write to the deputy

On November 25, the campaign "16 days against gender violence" started in the world. About how relevant this problem is for Russia, says Anna Rivina, director of the Center for Vilius.net .

Anna Rivina: About 70% of women undergoing domestic violence do not even seek help, knowing that the police system will not work, and relatives and friends will look at the victim in the wrong way. With rape, only 12% of women seek help.

The statistics are terrible, but it does not display reality. Statistics should not be engaged in small non -profit organizations with very modest resources, but by the state. But even if you look at the data of Rosstat, then we have violence in every fifth family, and these are millions of women.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Does the state offer something to these women in order to protect them from manifestations of violence?

Anna Rivina: The state offers something minimal, but this is absolutely ineffective. Firstly, let's not forget about the decriminalization of domestic violence. Today, in the vast majority of cases, these are fines, and fines are paid from the family budget, that is, a woman needs to pay for her beaten. Will she seek such help? It is reasonable to assume that no. Secondly, we do not have a law that would imply a comprehensive system of assistance to victims. And thirdly, we have a certain number of budget crisis centers or organizations that help women in difficult life situations, but the state does not at all inform women, police officers, or people in the traumop circuit.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Why is this happening? Because in the Russian government and parliament, the vast majority of places are occupied by men? Or for some other reason?

We really have a right, conservative turn, and many people are interested in it for whom this is money and power

Anna Rivina: I think this is important. But it is more sad that women sitting in the State Duma, in the relevant committee on family, women and children, express such anti -General thoughts and views that sometimes it is worse than neutral to this man.

We are a patriarchal state, a patriarchal society. We are not used to taking the SC from the hut. And now we are even worse than it was in Soviet times. On the one hand, we have better, because in Soviet times these topics did not rise, and on the other hand, in Soviet times there was no such religious influence, there was no invented traditional path of the Russian family, traditional scrapers. In my childhood, in the early 90s, I never heard about it at all. We really have a right, conservative turn, and many people are interested in it for whom, of course, this is money and power.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Are women interested in this? Why do they support it?

Anna Rivina: Because those women who are now in power did not come there on the gender agenda, and they understand that now they do not need to behave in an inconvenient way for those people who gave them the opportunity to occupy this position.

What is "gender equality", what is "a woman who is not subjected to violence", "a woman who chooses herself"? This is a woman who does not want to be “convenient” for everyone, but wants to be “convenient” primarily for herself, to pursue her interests. And now, even in the labor sector, more than 400 professions are prohibited for women, because the state supposedly protects their reproductive functions. That is, we immediately tell the woman where her place is: "Give birth, and the rest is already the tenth business."

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Within the framework of the international campaign "16 days against gender violence" in Russia, an action is held in support of the adoption of the Law "On the Prevention of Family-Household violence". Everyone who survived the violence in the family is offered to send postcards to deputies in order to attract their attention to the problem.

This initiative is commented by one of its authors, co-author of the bill "On the prevention of family-household violence", and the compolor of the "Project W" Alena Popova .

Alena Popova: The action was invented not so much by me as Marie Davtyan, the main lawyer protecting the victims of domestic violence in Russia. She saved Margarita Grachev from her husband, who chopped off her brushes of both hands, would be released two years later and finished the work that had begun. She suggested attracting creative people to establish communication between victims of violence or witnesses and deputies who make round eyes all the time.

Recently there was a large women's forum, on which we had two parallel sections. On one I were, Marie, Anya Rivina, Marina Pisklakova -Park - people who are fighting for this bill. And in parallel - a section where the deputies were. Ten minutes before the end of our section (and we signed a resolution on the law on it), our girlfriend Anastasia Glushkova ran to the neighboring hall and gave her daddy with the bill right into the hands of the deputies. On the live broadcasts they say what is happening, and they said: "Thank you, we already know it." The question arises: why don't you accept if you know?

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Do you have an answer to this question?

Alena Popova: Yes, because I follow them on the heels in the State Duma. Already many times we came there, handed them folders, showed real stories. They say that the law is not well worked out. And we are introducing a system of security orders there, which would save 99% of the victims of violence. This is a ban on the approach of the rapist to the victim, on the continuation of violence. This is the measure that prevents further acts, for example, murders.

We have a "case of the Khachaturian sisters" : no one defended the girls, and they had to kill his father, defending himself from his constant tortures. There was a “Alena Verba case”, which her husband inflicted 57 stab strokes, cut it, closed the body with a cloth, went to work and locked it along with the corpse of the wife of a minor son Nikita. So that all this does not happen, we must give out a security order. And it is a very resistance that is precisely the security order: "What, will you evict all the men? Where will you evict the owner?" And we really have property mainly either shared, or decorated on a man.

Once we, together with Marie, were on the working group, and it was a very stressful situation for us, we had to prove to the judge that the security orders were necessary. He talked about the sufficiency of the law, that nothing needs to be done, and so everything is fine. He said: "The rapists and without an additional law will be calmly imprisoned."

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Another thing is that the corpse will already be.

Alena Popova: Of course! The famous phrase of the district police officer: "When there is a corpse, we will arrive and describe." The main precinct Oryol region said this to the girl who turned for help, and after an hour the same district police officer really described the corpse of this girl (by the way, she will be a symbol of our campaign for the law). And Marie suggested on the basis of real stories to create animations, sketches, postcards, which, with their hand, will fill the victims of tyrants or witnesses of all this. Girls, based on standard phrases that speak of violence, and on standard stories, painted insanely steep cards. And we invited Internet users to fill out this card and send the deputy.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, you can print a card from the site, fill and send it?

Alena Popova: You can order us, and we will send. You can not print, but ask us to print and write us your story. We have already begun to send stories. And then we have two strategies. One strategy: postcards go directly to the deputies, and the deputies no longer make round eyes with the words: "This is not in Russia!" (This is the famous phrase of Senator Elena Mizulina: they say, this problem is exaggerated, these are all Western values, we do not have this). And the second: we want to carry this postcard with us at meetings of the working group. I want to cover the table with these cards and say: "In each of these postcards - the fate of the victim, her life and health, the life and health of children."

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Maybe then they will move?

Alena Popova: When we stood near the State Duma with posters against the decriminalization of domestic violence, this very much influenced Tamara Pletnev, chairman of the Committee on Family, Women and Children. At first she said that decriminalization is good. And having passed us several times during these days, she said: "Now I'm not at all sure that decriminalization is good."

It is affected that Margarita Gracheva with a prosthesis on a severed hand says: "I want this law to be adopted." Влияет то, что Анна Верба, мама Алены Вербы, говорит: "Примите этот закон, чтобы матери не теряли своих дочерей". Влияет то, что пострадавшие дети говорят: "Нам нужен этот закон - мы хотим, чтобы нашу маму больше не били". И стол, устланный открытками, конечно, повлияет, как влияет и наша папочка. У нас есть белая папка с надписью "Домашнее насилие – это преступление, а не традиция". И когда вручаешь депутату эту папку, он сразу видит, что папочка внушительная.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Да, они все это видят, осуждают, а потом голосуют так, как надо, как предложили. Причем один и тот же созыв Государственной Думы может сегодня проголосовать за то, чтобы ввести статью о дополнительной ответственности за побои в семье, а через полгода отменить эту ответственность, и одни и те же люди будут говорить, что это правильно и хорошо.

Алена Попова: Вы имеете в виду Павла Крашенинникова. Я за ним бегала, когда принималась декриминализация. Он был автором ужесточения ответственности за побои в семье. Это прекрасная статья, 116-я – до двух лет лишения свободы, если бьешь кого-то внутри семьи. И мы выдохнули: "Наконец-то!". А она была всего полгода. И тот же Павел Крашенинников начал продвигать тему с декриминализацией. Я его поймала на пресс-конференции, сказала: "Павел, в течение полугода у вас резко изменилось мнение. Как же такое может быть?". Да, наша Государственная Дума не обладает полнотой самостоятельности решений. Но если никак на нее не влиять, вообще ничего не произойдет.

Марьяна Торочешникова: А вы чувствуете поддержку со стороны женщин?

Алена Попова: Чувствую. Четыре года назад я ее еще не чувствовала. Мне говорили: "Не надо лезть в семью! Семья – это крепость. Это все западные ценности. Милые бранятся – только тешатся. Нельзя выносить сор из избы. Дура, сама виновата", - все эти стандартные вещи. Было жутко, и все время шла борьба. А сейчас такого нет. Я приходила в ультраконсервативные аудитории, и большинство присутствующих утверждают, что такой закон уже нужен. И это благодаря жертвам, которые начали говорить, благодаря Маргарите Грачевой, нашедшей в себе силы с отрубленными руками, улыбаясь, сказать: "Я буду добиваться принятия этого закона".

И поднялась волна. Совсем недавно модель Кира заявила о том, что ее избил сожитель. И благодаря Кире за неделю еще шесть достаточно известных девушек написали нам, что они тоже подвергались насилию, и они раздумывают над тем, чтобы начать публично об этом говорить.

Марьяна Торочешникова: А вы замечаете, как меняется (или не меняется) отношение к этим ситуациям со стороны рядовых полицейских, которые приезжают на вызов?

Алена Попова: Оно меняется в лучшую сторону. Но я ощущаю это по Центральному федеральному округу, а, например, в Уральском федеральном округе это меняется не во всех областях, как и в Сибири. Нужно образовывать участковых, объяснять, как они должны действовать в той или иной ситуации. Нужны методические руководства для всех: что делать участковому, девушке, врачам, свидетелям. Мы сейчас выпускаем методичку для свидетелей побоев.

ЭПИДЕМИЯ ВИЧ

1 декабря отмечается Всемирный день борьбы со СПИДом. В настоящее время, по официальным данным UNAIDS , с вирусом иммунодефицита человека живут почти 40 миллионов человек.

Накануне Всемирного дня борьбы со СПИДом стало известно, что Россия занимает первое место среди стран Европы по темпам распространения ВИЧ за 2017 год. За ней следуют Украина и Белоруссия. Об этом сообщается в докладе Европейского центра по профилактике и контролю заболеваний и Европейского регионального бюро Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Российское Министерство здравоохранения и Роспотребнадзор уже назвали этот доклад некорректным.

Ситуацию комментирует старший научный сотрудник Федерального научно-методического Центра по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом Центрального НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора Василий Шахгильдян .

Порядка 250 человек в день заражаются ВИЧ-инфекцией и около 100 человек в день погибают от нее в России

Василий Шахгильдян: По нашим данным, за 10 месяцев 2018 года выявлено 85 тысяч новых случаев. Министерство здравоохранения называет цифру – 75 тысяч новых случаев за год. Но я не вижу тут никакой принципиальной разницы. Мы должны осознать, что порядка 250 человек в день заражаются ВИЧ-инфекцией и около 100 человек в день погибают от ВИЧ-инфекции в России. Конечно, ситуация достаточно напряженная.

Но надо признать, что скорость эпидемии снижается. Все-таки государство и специалисты принимают ряд очень активных мер. Принята государственная программа по предотвращению распространения ВИЧ-инфекции. Выделяются достаточно большие деньги на лечебные программы. Идут образовательные, просветительные программы, программы профилактики, пусть и не в том объеме, который нам хотелось бы видеть. Нельзя сказать, что нет никаких результатов: безусловно, они есть. Если с 2011-го по 2015 год количество новых случаев ежегодно увеличивалось на 10%, то в прошлом году, по-моему, на 2,2%, а за 10 месяцев этого года, по сравнению с таким же периодом 2017 года, - минус 2%.

В 20 регионах РФ эпидемия приобрела генерализованный характер. Это значит, что заболевание распространяется не только среди групп риска, но и среди общего населения. При обследовании беременных женщин пораженность составляет более 1%. Еще в 32 регионах показатель на уровне 0,5%.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Беременным женщинам обязательно делают тест на ВИЧ, потому что в России уже научились с помощью медикаментозного вмешательства добиваться того, чтобы у ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин рождались абсолютно здоровые дети.

Василий Шахгильдян: Это одно из достижений в России: заражение происходит только у 1% новорожденных. Но если женщина принимает антиретровирусные препараты, если в течение беременности вирусная нагрузка не определяется, то ребенок на 100% будет рожден здоровым.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Но мужчин никто в обязательном порядке не тестирует.

Василий Шахгильдян: Поэтому очень важно обследовать, например, партнеров беременных женщин. И среди мужчин можно было бы применить самотестирование. С другой стороны, мы видим, что ВИЧ распространяется не только в группах риска, но и в труднодоступных группах: например, среди мужчин от 30-и до 39 лет частота пораженности - 3,3%, то есть из ста мужчин трое заражены ВИЧ. Очень важно наладить систему обследования. Может быть, при выдаче паспорта и ряда документов надо предлагать пройти обследование.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Но люди не хотят, боятся.

Василий Шахгильдян: Безусловно. Надо облегчить возможность обследования, сделать его более доступным. Когда врачи Центра СПИДа пошли в поликлиники инкогнито в одном из городов и попытались сдать анализ крови на антитела к ВИЧ, оказалось, что это не так легко: терапевт направлял к инфекционисту, были какие-то сложности. Нужно менять подходы по сравнению с тем 25-летним периодом, когда выявлялись 100 человек за год (а сейчас – 250 человек за день), например, предлагать самотестирование.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Может быть, в первую очередь нужно объяснить людям, что это не стыдно и не страшно, что этим сейчас уже болеют самые разные люди, а не только группы риска.

Василий Шахгильдян: К сожалению, наше общество нетолерантно к чужому, к иному.

Марьяна Торочешникова: С другой стороны, в той ситуации, когда каждый день ВИЧ-инфекцией заражаются 250 человек, очень скоро это может оказаться и где-то совсем рядом.

Василий Шахгильдян: Конечно! И очень важно своевременно выявлять инфекцию, чтобы человек знал о своем ВИЧ-статусе и мог принять меры, своевременно начать антиретровирусную терапию и не быть источником инфекции.