Orphan of the Russian soul

How Russia profits on "graduates" of neuropsychiatric boarding schools, depriving them of a chance to get housing

On December 19, 2018, in the center of Krasnoyarsk, on Lenin, balconies were painted from the stairs of a fire engine. The city was preparing for the Universiade. Behind the repeated tearing of fences, borders and paving slabs and replacing them with new ones, equally crookedly stuck and laid. Ahead - importing and shifting from place to the place of snow, as well as landscaping of snowdrifts with cut trees. Krasnoyarsk mastered a beautiful amount for the preparation of the competition - almost one hundred billion rubles. On this day, the collegium of the regional court - the presiding judge of O. Naprienkova, the judges of G. Markatyuk and O. Ragulina - satisfies the complaint of the representative of the city hall D. Popandopulo and refuses to provide housing orphanage (second group) on the psychiatricization of Marina Marina R.

The price of the issue is less than 0.00001 Universiade. Unlike her, no one needs, this one hundred thousand would have arranged the fate of a living person.

Orphans, releasing at the age of 18, have the right to extraordinary housing - if they do not have their own corner or it is impossible to live in it. The state, by the way, gives money for this. The construction industry, which masters billions, is in a swing. It would seem that there should be no problem.

And yet she appeared - Marina did not manage to stand “for extraordinary receipt” up to 23 years. Everyone who is older receive a refusal automatically. There is a court for such cases. According to the review of the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 20, 2013, the absence of an orphan in the house, excluding specific reasons why it happened, cannot in itself serve as a basis for refusing housing. We must find out why.

So, Marina was born in 1983 in Ilan (Krasnoyarsk Territory). In December 94, his father dies, two months later, his mother. Marina is 11 years old. Grandmother is appointed guardian, but she does not go away for two years, he refuses guardianship. They are placed until the 18th anniversary in the Krasnoyarsk correctional school No. 4. This is a school of VIII species, for children with mental retardation. In May 2001, they transferred to an Agulsky boarding school. In 2006, the district court deprives her of legal capacity. That is, it impresses in the rights to work, for money, on his own ideas, how to spend them, on marriage and their children.

After a couple of years, Marina has been transferred to the Sharypovsky neuropsychiatric boarding school (PNI), and in 2013, when she is already 30 years old, another district court makes a reverse decision, recognizing her capable. Marina is sent to the Krasnoyarsk boarding house No. 2 for elderly citizens and disabled people, where she lives until the summer of 2016. Now housing rents housing, on April 22 she will be 36 years old.

And nobody ever before her 30th anniversary in closed institutions said that the state should provide it with a premises and how to take a queue. She will learn about this only in Krasnoyarsk. Lawyer Julia Bogodist is taken to help.

In the fall of 2018, the Central District Court of Krasnoyarsk satisfies the lawsuit, obliging the city hall to give Marina Housing. However, last winter, the regional resources cancels the decision. The logic of refusing housing seems to be a curve, but it is how to look for directness in a camel. Here are just the facts captured by the court decision: it, for example, states that the plaintiff’s father died 12/11/1994, and a little below - I quote “the plaintiff’s father <...> participated in the privatization of the living quarters provided to him on the basis of warrant No. 2186 dated 01/27/1996”.

“In the second boarding school, there are mainly orphans, restored in legal capacity after 23 years, when they could still stand in line for housing,” Julia Bogodist says “new”. -Having learned about this problem in February 2017, I could not pass by. For a year and a half, she won 14 cases, the guys were given housing. However, since the middle of last year, the regional appeal authority decided: enough. And she began to cancel the decisions of the first instance. Neither norms, nor motivation ...

It's a pity? There is not enough money? The Federal Unit of the Russian Federation is a surplus, money is a garbage dump. Dislike expenses and projects cannot be counted, billions on the Krasnoyarsk Universiade look like a height of striking and wisdom. Despite the fact that the necessary desperation is not done. And for what, in fact, the state is needed, it does not even have copper. See the February report of the Accounts Chamber on the execution of budgets over the past year. Huge remnants on the treasury accounts beat records. And over the past 10 years, the lowest level of execution of the expenses of Fedbudet has been noted; The ministries did not spent 785.8 billion, which is 1.3 times higher than the 2017 indicator. Officials do not spend what they should by law. The bins of the Motherland will chop and crack. Question: for what/whom?

Alexander Z. was born in 1984 in Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory). The same disability as Marina. Mother dies in the 93rd, Sasha 8 years old. Father in prison (hereinafter his traces are lost). Determined in an orphanage, at the age of 18 they are recognized as incompetent and sent to Bogotolsky PNI. In 2013, when Alexander is already 29 years old, the court restores him in rights, approved by the capable. Sent to Krasnoyarsk, to the second boarding school, where he still lives. Now Alexander 34.

Last summer, the Central District Court ordered the city hall to give him housing. In the fall, Kraisud (Judges of Naprienkova, Korchinskaya, Ragulina) canceled the decision, arguing as follows: “After the plaintiff’s recognition in 2013 and before applying to the court in November 2017, with a lawsuit, evidence indicating the presence of good reasons, due to which the plaintiff did not apply on the issue of security, was not provided.” In general, for a long time. Like Marina. Based on this quality of arguments, it seems that apartments in favor of orphans are taken from the judges.

Refusals are launched on the conveyor. But the Bogodist will not give up: according to two clients, she submitted documents to the Supreme Court, prepares for the third.

It is not used to orphans, and so fate is offended. And the budget is a new source of income.

I would not burst.

The picture of this specific redness of the Russian state will be incomplete, if you do not mention a few more observations. Saving in apartments for orphans is still a consequence. Who and why locks orphans in PNI and deprives of legal capacity?

From the materials of the Council of the Council under the Government of the Russian Federation on the issues of trusteeship in the social sphere, the director of the Moscow Center for medical pedagogy Anna Bitova, on February 1 (at which Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova, reported that on January 29 she instructed to check the entire PNI system within two months): “Of all 159 pupils of the Kemerovo region from the age of 14 to 18 years of age. “54 children are already devoid of legal capacity (more than 30%).” Bitova proposes to develop the Institute of Limited Capacity. However, from the materials of the check of one of the PNI in the same place, in Kuzbass, it follows that people, including the personnel of the boarding school, simply do not know the concept of limited legal capacity, only the whole deprivation is practiced here. People would like to know as well, but they don’t tell them what their pension is. However, what does it matter if living, for example, drinking water between meals is inaccessible.

“Starting from infancy, orphans recognized by people with disabilities are placed in the lying departments of one of the 252 men of the baby, where they are fed and changed their laundry, but they are not engaged in their development, they do not receive medical care and are deprived of many rights of the child provided for by the Convention ( on the rights of the child. - A.T. ). Those who are recognized as mentally retarded or oligophrenic, at the age of about four years, are faced with another serious violation of their rights. At this moment, the State Commission recognizes them unacceptable and over time they will be appointed in PNI. An orphan is almost impossible to appeal such a decision.

According to official statistics, about 30 thousand children are doomed to stay in isolated institutions, the existence of which is a little better than being in Russian prisons.

The orphans were limited with the use of real estates, they were tied to furniture, did not allow them to move, and sometimes left to lie half -naked in their own sewage.

Both in the houses of the baby and in boarding schools, children could appoint powerful sedatives in the absence of medical instructions. <...> The use of punitive psychiatry against adults, which has been convicted and rejected around the world, is still flourishing in children's institutions ”(from the report of the Civil Commission on Human Rights“ punitive psychiatry in relation to orphans of Russia ”, December 2013).

In the same, the last in front of the Crimea and a lot of the year, the year Alexander, Marina, many other former orphanages and restored legal capacity. And the Krasnoyarsk psychologist Nikolai Shcherbakov achieved the arrival of the independent psychiatric association of Russia, specialists of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, who checked the rights of orphan children in the provision of stationary psychiatric care. And if earlier in the psychiatric hospital, they easily locked up for bad behavior, after that verification the region became a leader in Russia in the number of refusals from such “behavioral” hospitalizations - no matter how orphans insisted on them. The time of detention of orphanages in the psychiatric agents was reduced, the conditions for their placement were tightened there, when determining the level of intelligence, they began to rely on the standards of world psychodiagnostics - and as a result, a very previously made diagnosis of mental retardation was removed.

Of course, this is a living process, it is constantly and with varying success, Shcherbakov more than once called children's doctors from the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry with educational seminars. Here are just children's psychiatrists Evgeny Koron and Tatyana Kupriyanova participated in a round table devoted primarily to the problem of transferring pupils from educational institutions (orphanages and boarding schools of the VIII type) to social policy institutions (children's PNI). Experts converge that all orphans-“candidates” for transfer to children's PNI should necessarily be examined by the clinical psychologists of the regional dispensary (PND) using modern methods, and the VIII-type orphanages and boarding schools are stopped depriving pupils of legal capacity, leaving this at the discretion of the stumps.

However, local reality makes adjustments. Here are some theses. Says the chief children's psychiatrist of the region Elena Volodenkova:

• Most interdistrict centers do not have medical psychologists in the states. One children's marginal PND will not be able to examine all the children of the region according to the technique of the Wexler simply physically, it has only three psychologist rates.

• In the region, the number of classes in former correctional schools for children with mild mental retardation (UO) has sharply decreased. Children with this diagnosis are studying in the framework of inclusion in secondary schools where the conditions are not actually created for this.

But what the teachers of one of the Krasnoyarsk gymnasiums say - about inclusive education:

• A child with a UO in the class is trained by an ordinary teacher, not oligophrenopedagogue. In the best case, he went through special training courses. This is profanity. As a result, teachers are aware of their security, often they have emotional burnout. Often such a child becomes an outcast in the classroom. And it shows inadequate aggression. The school has no forms of influence on this situation.

• Teachers and escort specialists are overloaded with work, financially this is not backed up in any way.

• Now there are usually no places for a child with a light UO in a correctional school, especially within reach.

Just new reports about optimization appeared on the round table: in Divnogorsk (satellite city of Krasnoyarsk), they are going to close the evening school No. 1-the last such a huge region where graduates of correctional schools got studied and received a certificate. To pass the exam and graduate from the school not with a certificate, they went here from neighboring cities and subjects-such institutions were eliminated everywhere, only in some places evening classes remained in some schools-but for ordinary guys.

In Russian PNI, 155,878 people live today, including 15,889 in children's institutions (Rostrud data). The contingent is growing: in 2016, there were 149 thousand in PNI and DDI. The leadership of the country, which relies on outdated technologies and raw materials, which ignores environmental protests, allowing large metallurgical, mountain, coal businesses even millions of cities, which optimizes medicine and education, reduces people's income, cannot hope for reducing this contingent, patients with birth, children with features and delays in development. It is like prohibiting hemoptysis of a patient with tuberculosis. In addition, this is the objective process inherent in the modern world: medicine saves extremely premature children and prolongs the life of the elderly. This is good, but there are consequences - problems with their health, children's deviations and senile dementia.

Beautiful perinatal centers in the regions are being built, and the PNI system remains Soviet in spirit and fact - not only erected, but the last time repaired boarding schools fall apart, drown in sewers, there is no elementary timely medical care. About the quality of medicine in DDI - from Anna Bitova’s materials: “The current situation. Case about psychiatry. A teenager A. 15 years old. Five hospitalizations in a psychiatric hospital over the past two years. By entry of the ENT. Chronic purulent average otitis media. Hearing loss. Hearing aids are not discharged. From the recording of a psychiatrist (reasons for hospitalization). “He does not listen to educators. Does not fulfill their requests. " <...> Dispensirization. Case about quality. Girl M. is 14 years old, our experts noted the complete crevice of the soft and hard sky (this diagnosis is not in the medical card). Records based on the results of the medical examination: ENT - healthy, dentist - healthy. "

Rostrud numbers: 71% living in PNI and DDI are recognized as legally incompetent. Moreover, only half is a mandatory annual examination.

Only 2% are employed. Only 2412 citizens (6% of the retired) were discharged from boarding schools for 2016-2018 to live on their own. And only 0.2% exist according to the “accompanied accommodation” technology (this is from European practice: a person helps that he lives on his own - as much as possible).

The Minister of Labor and Social Protection Maxim Topilin said on March 28: “How many people from PNI can be potentially brought to accompanied residence - according to our estimates, this is about 40–45%.” At the same time, on February 5, Topilin reported that in 2019–2024, 50 billion was allocated for the construction and reconstruction of PNI (as well as nursing houses). At the beginning of the year, the government gave 2 billion for the construction of PNI in 17 regions with the input of 2019–2021.

The development of funds, obviously, is a more understandable and lifting task than the humanization of the PNI and DDI system. All the more valuable, any human attempt, let it look like a manin. According to the results of two -month unscheduled inspections and monitoring the activities of PNI on March 28, the Council under the Government of the Russian Federation on trusteeship in the social sphere, chaired by Golikova, gathered again, the other day the meeting was made public. This is not a plan for a long -ripening reform, but the directions of effort are visible from it.

From April to September, the Ministry of Health, together with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the center. Serbian is instructed to conduct an individual examination of all Russians living in PNI. With an assessment of the validity of everyone in PNI and his ability to socialize. As a result, in each region in October, a register of those in need of accompanied living, training or retraining, in employment and social support measures should appear.

It was also decided to teach citizens aged 18 years and older, living in PNI who had not previously received general education. Until August 1, it was instructed to develop adaptive training programs (both general and professional), to determine educational organizations territorially close to PNI, on the basis of which everything will happen.

It is necessary to pull out people who have not lost their ability to socialize. But what awaits them after drawing up the registry? Where are they - with such judges and officials, as in Krasnoyarsk?

And who to teach them? If there are no oligophrenopedagogues, and the director of the Divnogorsk school, learning about its prospects, fell ill with a heart attack?

In the province, these are long -term specialists for a long time.

And who to make a register? Muscovites ride all over Russia? Remember the three bets of psychologists in the regional dispensary? Who will they contract to dangle (one Krasnoyarsk Territory - 18 English)?

Meanwhile, Shcherbakov himself already conceived the educational project - to travel to the areas and try to warn the movements of orphanages from orphanages to the PNI. Not only to test the child, but also to work with him and the personnel of the orphanage based on the results of diagnostics, to teach teachers and specialists the subtleties of interaction with orphans and practical psychology. This will be the “ambulance” of the Happy Children Foundation, where it works for the most difficult orphanages (the first candidates in PNI).

In a good Krasnoyarsk boarding house No. 2, personal pensioners, the heroes of social labor, used to survive. Then the stream was reduced, the institution was reprofiled, now the first time lives here who have been legalized or have passed a forensic psychiatric examination. This is not a few, this is a new stream. To the will, they adapt gradually, they are given work in the same place, in a boarding school, or nearby. Winers are men, women wash the floors. Но молодые учатся, стремятся, заканчивают различные курсы и находят работу поинтересней. Держатся друг друга — кто успел благодаря усилиям Богодист получить квартиру, дают угол своим. Расписываются, конечно, в основном друг с другом. Это все очень разные жизни и судьбы, но все же — свобода.