Fabulous

The law on insulting power in action. How the liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant live

• In Russia, the law on insulting power began to operate : the first citizen was fined 30 thousand.
• The liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are forced to beg from the state to the penny payments assigned to them by law.
• Lawyer Tips : What to do if a tourist trip has not set, you are not put on a plane or put in a bad hotel.

Putin is fabulous

The first fine under the new law on the disrespect of power went this week to a resident of the Novgorod region Yuri Kartzhev. 30 thousand rubles for two posts on VKontakte with a commentary Putin - a fabulous swear word " - this is how it is written in a court decision.

The commentary for Radio Liberty was given by Kirill Koroteev , the head of the international practice of the international human rights group "Agora" . By the way, on the day of the president of the law on insulting state bodies, the founder of Agora Pavel Chikov posted on his Facebook page a record stating that the first consisting of the Agora for the protection for which the police will draw up a protocol for part 3 of Article 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Russia (just this article provides for the responsibility for offending the authorities), receive a valuable gift and paid lawyer before the decision of the ECHR .

Video version of the program

Kirill Koroteev: In our legislation there are a huge number of articles prohibiting a variety of statements. There are many such things. The practice of the Constitutional Court says quite clearly that such articles are acceptable. I do not think this is the right approach. In my opinion, such articles violate the constitutional norm on the direct ban on censorship in Article 29 of the Russian Constitution.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: And how did the judge determine that it was precisely the representative of the authorities? By the way, when graffiti appeared on the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Yaroslavl, they also said that Putin could have in mind: it was nowhere to say that this is the president of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. After all, Putin is not one for the whole country. Why did the judge immediately and categorically determine that it was the president who was insulted?

Kirill Koroteev: I do not think that there was a serious dispute about who was addressed to the statement of Yuri Kartzhev, because it was made in the context of criticism of decisions that the Russian authorities made. And among people who make decisions in Russia, namesakes have not yet come across to me.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: And what can I do to ordinary people who want to emotionally speak about the activities of a particular representative of the authorities? They cannot use any words at all now (I'm not talking about obscene vocabulary), which can be perceived as offensive?

Russian law enforcement practice is unpredictable

Kirill Koroteev: In this case, an obscene vocabulary took place. Another question is that if a citizen of the Russian Federation thinks obscenely when it comes to political criticism, why would he not speak out of an obscene one? But according to this law, it remains only to speak out of censorship. At least in Russian society there is a consensus that there are four roots that are precisely obscene and, accordingly, are prohibited.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: But you can be offended by anything. For example, there is a meme "Putin - crab". After he said that he, "like a slave on galleys ...", it went for a walk in both speech and on the network. Theoretically, one of those who draws up such protocols can be offended, to record somewhere on the social network or to say “Putin-Crab”?

Kirill Koroteev: The law prohibits the statements in indecent form.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, "crab" is decent?

Kirill Koroteev: Our law enforcement practice is unpredictable. And in many other provisions of the Code of Administrative Offenses, we know: yesterday we could not even assume that something would fall under his position, and today it becomes a routine. So far, it can be assumed that everything that does not use derivatives from four roots, about which in the Russian language there is a consensus about obsceneity, is not covered with this law. But what will happen tomorrow is difficult to predict.

Your browser does not support HTML5

Law on insulting power

Of course, the role of ships is important here. The Supreme Court in stories, for example, with the 282nd article of the Criminal Code "On Extremist statements" repeatedly reminded that the context should be taken into account. But when specific cases reached the Supreme Court, he ceased to analyze this context. Naturally, the courts in the country are very well understood when the Supreme Court says something for the box, in order to tell about it in the media or so that the Russian authorities tell about this Strasbourg, and when he makes real decisions.

What Yuri Kartizhev did is political criticism. Accordingly, it should be evaluated as political criticism. And in this context - it is possible that people have the right to not speak obscenely about the decisions that they consider glaring and unacceptable.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: The right is, but, by and large, it does not work to use it with impunity.

Kirill Koroteev: The second element of analysis: is the president a citizen, like everyone else? In fact, he, as a public person, as a politician, as the head of state elected by the people, should endure more criticism than a private person. Or does he have any special protection? And here it is important that, for example, for the usual insult on the Internet, the Code of Administrative Offenses provides for a fine of up to 5 thousand rubles, and for insulting state authorities - from 30 thousand.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: in support of Yuri Kartzhev, they launched a flash mob on Twitter, the publication with the hashtag "Putin Fairytale" - and the obscene word. Now all these people can also theoretically bring to administrative responsibility, even if they are foreigners? After all, many foreigners supported this flash mob.

Kirill Koroteev

Kirill Koroteev: An administrative offense must be committed in Russia. Regarding the actions committed on social networks, the question: do you make them in the Novgorod region or in the state of California? Where are Facebook servers for example? Of course, the Russian authorities believe that you are making them in Russia, although the message may appear where the first amendment to the US Constitution is in force. The fact is that our law enforcement does not work from statements, but from man. The policeman has the need to pass a “stick”, he looks at whom he can attract, and then looks at what to attract. We saw this in almost all articles that provide for liability for saying on the Internet, both administrative and criminal.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Yuri Kartzhev said that he was ready to reach the ECHR, appealing this decision. From your point of view, how promising is such a complaint in the European Court?

Kirill Koroteev: The only person who can seriously interfere with Yuri Kartizhev is the judge of the Novgorod Regional Court, who will consider his complaint.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, if he leaves the decision in strength, then - yes, please, the ECHR, and if not ...

Kirill Koroteev: The practice of the European Court says very clearly that political statements should not be subject to sanctions, even if they are obscene. There is a “case against France” using expressions that would sound obscene in Russian. In any case, the generally used translation of the phrase, which is discussed: "Drasp, the idiot is unhappy!" This was written on a poster in front of the president of Sarkozy. The fact is that these were the words of the president of Sarkoi himself, who told their farmer, who refused to take his hand to him (this is to the question of context). The ECHR said: "Of course, it was political criticism." The same thing here. If we read the tweets of Yuri Kartzhev completely, then this is political criticism.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Speaking about the law on insulting power, it is worth recalling that the Senator Klishas initiated it, as well as the law that provides for liability for fake news. Today, a message came from Arkhangelsk, where one of the organizers of a protest rally against a landfill in Shiesa, where Moscow garbage was going to be taken, Elena Kalinina drew up an administrative protocol on the spread of fake news. Moreover, with fake news they considered her post “VKontakte” from April 26, where she wrote about the inconsistent rally on April 7. And it turns out that if the rally was not agreed, it means that it was not there, that is, it is all lying. Here is such a logic?

Kirill Koroteev: It seems so.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, now it will work just like that?

Kirill Koroteev: It can work like that. I think at first they fought with the activist, and only then they looked for what exactly could be imputed for her. Apparently, she did not use obsceneity, so she had to use other provisions of the Code of Administrative Offenses.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: From your point of view, these two things are the case of Yuri Kartzhev, who was now fined 30 thousand for insulting government representatives, and the case of Elena Kalinina, who was accused of publishing fake news, will this end? Or will a shaft of such cases go now? The police will see that you can easily and just earn another “stick”, and they will go stamped.

Kirill Koroteev: Let's see. Both options are not excluded. Perhaps the use will be limited. But due to how our law enforcement agencies function, it cannot be excluded that we will see more and more new cases, with more and more widely used the wording “Statement in indecent form”, and not only to obscene words. In fact, it all depends on whether Russian judges are ready to seriously check the actions of Russian police officers. And this is very different from the region to the region. For example, in the Republic of Dagestan, in Makhachkala for a rally on March 26, 2017, "he is not Dimon for you" justified by whom the protocols made. But what is possible in Makhachkala is impossible in Khabarovsk, and vice versa.

Thirty years and three years

Accidents at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 33 years. Now she is considered the most terrible technogenic disaster of the 20th century. Hundreds of thousands of people suffered from irradiation. Only according to the Russian State Medical and Dosimetric Register, more than 530 thousand people were subjected to the action of radiation, including 175 thousand liquidators of the accident.

For many years, data on the real number of victims as a result of the Chernobyl accident were classified. This allowed the authorities to save on the help of the victims of the disaster. It was more difficult to dismiss people abandoned to eliminate the collapsed reactor and took over the main blow. The state sent healthy men to Chernobyl - half of them returned disabled. Those who survived established benefits and benefits. However, it was often possible to get them only after long trials.

Your browser does not support HTML5

33 years of accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

How do liquidators of the Chernobyl accident live today? The word to the chairman of the Moscow Regional Organization "Union of Disabled" Chernobyl " Vyacheslav Kitaev .

Vyacheslav Kitaev: During this time, the situation worsened. The first law on the social protection of citizens who have exposed to radiation was adopted on May 15, 1991, provided for approximately the same rights with those who have lost their health - professional diseases, injuries and so on.

The state sent healthy men to Chernobyl - half of them returned disabled

Maryana Torocheshnikova: For the liquidators of the accident?

Vyacheslav Kitaev: Not only. Including - for evacuated from the alienation zone. But over time, the law worsened. On February 15, 2001, he divided the Chernobyl invalids into two parts: those who received the right to this date, and to those who are after. Those who received before this date received and receive the amounts calculated from lost earnings, taking into account the percentage of loss of professional ability to work. But the state decided to save money, and now all Chernobyl disabled people establish monetary compensation-compensation for harm. In 2001, it was 1 thousand for a group of group III, 2.5 for a disabled person of group II, 5 thousand for a disabled person of group I. Today, taking into account indexation, these amounts amount to 3, 9 and 16 thousand.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: Despite the fact that a person has actually lost their ability to work. But officials say: "We send them for free to the sanatorium, provide free treatment in the best hospitals, are ready to provide even free medicines. And all this is done."

Vyacheslav Kitaev

Vyacheslav Kitaev: There is cunning. Recall the Law "On Monetization", which entered into force on January 1, 2005: it also canceled a number of benefits and compensations provided for by law, including sanatorium-resort treatment, equating the Black Disabled Disabled for a General Disease. The current legislation does not even have the concept of "disabled Chernobyl". And sanatorium -resort treatment is according to state support standards, that is, in the same order as for everyone: in line! It happens that there are a year, and two, and three, but do not receive. The same applies to drugs. If in the 91st year a special basic program was provided for in the law, now drugs and medical care-within the framework of compulsory medical insurance, as for any citizen of the country.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: On the other hand, people with disabilities on general diseases can say: "And what is the Chernobyls better than us? The Russian Constitution guarantees the equality of all before the law, here we are all equal."

Vyacheslav Kitaev: There is just no equality. If you take any liquidator of the Chernobyl disaster, then they are placed in unequal conditions with those who suffered in production. Those who were injured in production, the 125th law on compulsory social insurance from accidents, provides for the calculation of lost earnings with the percentage of disability, the ceiling is established (it is changing every year, now the monthly payment is about 72 thousand). And exactly the same citizen who has lost his health in production, performing work in particularly harmful working conditions, is refused this. Where is the state care of Chernobyls?!

Now the Chernobyls do not even have the opportunity to appeal to the courts, because the law has changed. All the newly emerged Chernobyl people are disabled (that is, those who have only now revealed the disease), since 2001. deprived of such a right. And how many Chernobyl people are disabled? If we take 2000, then these are 52 thousand people, if we take the 2019th-about 40 thousand recipients of damage. And how many of them receive the amount calculated from earnings? Maximum 20%. All the rest receive firm amounts - a penny. The attitude to the Chernobyls is ugly! And if we talk about the widows, members of the families of the dead, then they are forced to prove that they are dependents. Even if the widow is a lying disabled person, she must go to court and prove that she is a dependent, and only after the right to dependent and the fact that death is associated with Chernobyl was established, and 50% of the solid monetary amounts are prescribed to the widow.

Maryana Torocheshnikova: That is, not from the compensation that a person would receive as lost earnings, but half of the maximum of 16 thousand.

Vyacheslav Kitaev: Yes, and this is for disabled people of group I, which are very few. All this is some kind of penny. Take, for example, monetary compensation for food products that any Chernobyl - a participant in the liquidation, is received by a disabled person. This is about 1 thousand rubles for the disabled, and for the participants in the liquidation - about 600 rubles. Until 2018, the law stipulated the rule that a family member has the right to receive the same monetary compensation in the event of the death of a disabled person associated with Chernobyl. The widows appealed to the courts, we helped them, the courts made decisions, including positive ones. In the end, one of the widows appealed to the Constitutional Court, and he said: “Yes, the rights are violated,” and instructed the lawmakers to remove uncertainty in the law. The legislator removed uncertainty, simply canceled all this, and now the widows do not have the right to receive such a payment. This is called "care" and "enforcement of the decision of the Constitutional Court."

In the 2000s, there were disputes about the wrong calculations of indexations. By the way, there have never been these disputes about those who received a disease in production: they accrued without any courts. And the Chernobyls always had some incomprehensible problems. The Plenum of the Supreme Court gathered in these problems in 2000 and in 2005, where it was explained by the courts, who is the proper defendant, how to count, how to index. And what, we have somehow settled by a government decree? No! They simply decided to equalize everyone and appoint the so -called "monetary compensation for compensation for harm."

Maryana Torocheshnikova: What do officials say? On the 30th anniversary of Chernobyl, quite large-scale memorable events were held, probably you were promised something.

Vyacheslav Kitaev: They promise every time, but there is no performance. I'm not talking about the fact that you need to simply fulfill the recorded in the law. Now people are dying. If we take the report of the Accounts Chamber, which checked the execution of the "Chernobyl" law in 2007, then in only one year the number of Black Disabled Disableders decreased by 1 thousand 342 people. Now the amount has increased. Of the 40 thousand, the new disabled people make up the large part - about 30 thousand. А расходы бюджета каждый раз уменьшаются, идет экономия. Не получается внести изменения в закон, чтобы хотя бы восстановить то, что было. Идут отрицательные заключения правительства, и все отсекается на подходе. В результате обсуждения нет, и никаких изменений в закон нет. Более того, за последние три года изменились нормы по радиационному загрязнению территории, и количество всех пострадавших чернобыльцев одномоментно уменьшилось с 1 миллиона 100 тысяч человек до 600 тысяч: ну, территории "как-то очистились". Правда, на них никто не хочет жить. В РФ было 12 территорий (сейчас их 4), которые останутся загрязненными на долгие десятки и сотни лет. Они навсегда выведены из оборота, но почему-то они "очищаются". А вслед за этим идет ухудшение у тех, кто проживал на этих территориях, люди поражаются в пенсионных и других правах.

Или возьмем проблему ЖКХ: в свое время чернобыльцам предоставлялись льготы в размере 50%. Три года назад весь блок социальных законов изменили и указали: "Мы даем вам 50%, но в пределах нормативов". А что это за нормативы, кто их определяет? На самом деле это не льготы. Чернобыльцы отличаются от всех социальных категорий России тем, что они получают не льготы, а возмещение вреда: так определил Конституционный суд, который обязателен и для законодателя, и для исполнителя. Это возмещение вреда за риск рождения детей, за потерю имущества, за потерю здоровья. А денежные компенсации на питание изначально были предназначены для того, чтобы человек полноценно питался. А может ли человек полноценно питаться в течение месяца на тысячу рублей? No. А они полагают, что может.

Конечно, все это горько и обидно! Многие воспринимают это как неблагодарность: человек работал, исполнял воинский долг в условиях повышенных доз радиации, спасая людей, а в результате он из спасателя превратился в просителя.

Марьяна Торочешникова: А почему вы не возмущаетесь?

Вячеслав Китаев: Мы возмущаемся. Если вспомнить практику ЕСПЧ, то самое первое решение в Страсбурге состоялось в 2002 году по чернобыльцу Бурдову из города Шахты Ростовской области. Сразу после этого решения заработал Конституционный суд, который ранее не рассматривал обращения граждан – свыше 40 человек, обращения суда Краснодарского края и ряда других организаций. И в июне 2002 года вышло постановление, которое говорило об индексациях, выплатах.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Но мы – в 2019-м, и вы говорите, что все становится только хуже, как будто и не было обращений в Страсбург, в Конституционный суд...

Вячеслав Китаев: Конституционные суды завалены обращениями чернобыльцев. Есть постановления и определения Конституционного суда: вынесено постановление о том, что есть нарушение права, и законодателю надо изменить ту или иную норму закона. А определение – это отказы, и их масса каждый год. Чернобыльцы обращаются, но результаты не те.

ТУРИСТУ НА ЗАМЕТКУ

Россия готовится к длинным выходным, а майские праздники традиционно знаменуют начало большого туристического сезона. По данным соцопросов, россияне стали реже выезжать на отдых за рубеж, потому что нет денег. И, конечно, обидно, если деньги на поездку все-таки нашлись, но отдых не задался с самого начала.

По данным соцопросов, россияне стали реже выезжать на отдых за рубеж, потому что нет денег

Вот краткая памятка туристам от юриста Эдуарда Шалоносова .

Эдуард Шалоносов: Проблемы могут возникнуть еще до выезда. Первая – это должники: тот, кто должен кому-либо денежные средства свыше десяти тысяч рублей, ограничен в выезде (и тот, кто был ограничен, оплатил, но Служба судебных приставов не сняла). Собрался забронировать тур - проверь себя в базе данных этой службы. Вторая проблема: люди, которые служили в различных спецподразделениях по срочной службе, даже если это повар, который варил картошку в Разведывательном управлении: он якобы допущен до гостайны, и его просто не выпустят.

В аэропорт нужно приезжать за 3-4 часа. Если что-то произошло: не успели сдать багаж, опаздываете и так далее, - это все компенсируется. Встречаются и овербукинги авиабилетов.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Это если вы пришли на стойку регистрации, а вам говорят: "Извините, мест нет". А если человек заранее зарегистрировался на этот рейс, он может попасть под овербукинг?

Эдуард Шалоносов

Эдуард Шалоносов: И такое бывает - тогда нужно получить отметку от представителя авиакомпании, что вы не допущены на рейс по таким-то причинам. Либо могут предложить вылететь позднее. В этом случае турист должен уведомить своего турагента, ведь ему нужен трансфер, а гостиница может снять бронь, если он приедет позже. Если вы не смогли связаться с турагентом, напишите в принимающую компанию: телефоны есть на туристическом ваучере; в крайнем случае - в отель.

Марьяна Торочешникова: А если рейс задерживают? У чартерных рейсов часто меняется время вылета-прилета.

Эдуард Шалоносов: Все авиакомпании, будь они чартерные или регулярные, обязаны выполнять условия авиаперевозки. Если задержка произошла по техническим причинам, значит, никто не получит компенсацию, за исключением 25 рублей в час, если же по иным причинам, и авиакомпания прописана на территории России, то турист, который поехал в Турцию, еще и заработает сверху 200-300, а то и 400 тысяч рублей. За задержку авиарейса, по Монреальской конвенции, минимальная стоимость – 360 тысяч рублей за пассажира, если авиакомпания зарегистрирована в зоне Монреальского соглашения, куда входит и Россия. Обязательно фиксируем задержку, фотографируем табло и себя на этом месте, делаем видеофиксацию: "Я такой-то. Рейс задержан". И по возвращении в Россию требуем возмещения денежных средств.

Марьяна Торочешникова: А если все-таки удалось благополучно добраться до места, но что-то не понравилось в отеле, куда вас заселили?

Эдуард Шалоносов: Если вас поселили в отель меньшей звездности, обязательно нужно требовать разницу, все фиксировать, начиная с вывески отеля. Снимаем на видео своего друга, мужа или подругу для того, чтобы никто не сказал, что видео сделано сторонними лицами. Отправляем это туроператору и говорим и просим компенсировать материальный ущерб – разницу по стоимости – и моральный вред". На сайте вашего туроператора был определенный перечень услуг: три корта, два бассейна, один спортзал... Привозят – спортзала нет, бассейна нет, пляж в трех километрах. В таком случае необходимо судиться, причем расходы тут оплачивает не истец и не ответчик, а проигравшая сторона.

Марьяна Торочешникова: Пожалуйста, три коротких совета людям, которые собираются выезжать на отдых.

Эдуард Шалоносов: Первое – никогда не гнаться за скидками. Зайдите на сайт любого туроператора, посмотрите примерный разгон цен: если вам предлагают дешевле, значит, рассказывают сказку, и вы останетесь у разбитого корыта. Второе – обязательно проверяйте себя на сайте Службы судебных приставов, чтобы не было сюрпризов. И третье – внимательно знакомьтесь с информацией, которую вам предоставляют, обязательно берите страховку от невыезда и медицинскую страховку повышенной категории.