Escape from the "Green Zone"

In the Perm Territory, a 14-year-old girl died of hunger. For this they judge the head teacher of the school in which she studied

Preface

May 2018. A small town of Krasnokamsk Perm Territory. School choir, 19 people, childishly at a dignity sings Katyusha. The seventh grader Nina Vesnina (the surname is changed) nods her head slightly on every syllable: tries. She has a beautiful parting, serious eyes, chubby cheeks and her nose with potatoes. A happy child from a safe, according to the documents available at school.

No one can imagine that in two months, during the summer holidays, Nina will not.

The cause of death will sound even worse - exhaustion. It turns out that the girl at least a month at least ate nothing.

More than a year has passed since the day of death. The investigation has not yet brought the final accusations to the girl’s mother. She was the only one about her daughter’s problems, but did not try to save her. But in Krasnokamsk, the trial of the head teacher of school No. 3 Elena Pogorzhalskaya began - she is accused of "showing negligence", which resulted in the death of a seventh grader.

Part 1. The visibility of well -being

-At the end of April, I noticed that Nina was a little haggard. This was noticeable only by the face: she always had chubby cheeks, and then they disappeared - with the class teacher of the deceased girl Ilzira Karimova, we are walking around the park near the Krasnokamsk Stadium Russia. Karimova recalls the last months of a schoolgirl's life. - I asked her: “What happened, Nin? Are you on a diet or something, sitting? " She says: “No. I’m just worried about my studies. ”

The girl told the class teacher that she did not have time to learn all the lessons, and to do her homework, she sits late. She said that she had already begun to drink sedative pills: they, they say, prescribed them.

“The seventh class is quite complicated,” Karimova explains. - Biology and physics are added. And Nina - she was a perfectionist, a round excellent student. Even among the current assessments of the four, she rarely happened, and she was very worried about them. After this conversation, I called the girl’s mother, Oksana Gennadievna, she said: “Yes, I see what is going on with the child. Do you think I don't talk to her about this? "

Nina’s mother, according to the class teacher, made a good impression: she was interested in a child, always went to parental meetings. True, it was honestly admitted that her work is unstable: that is, no. But at the same time, the family did not look like in need: the girl was always neatly dressed, she was bought by paid aids, her parents gave money for the needs of the class. He provided his family, according to his mother, the father, who "worked on the watch."

“A few days after our conversation, Nina did not come to school in the morning,” Ilzira Karimova continues. - For her, it was uncharacteristic: she in four years, that I have been handled by class, never hurt. She did not have a single pass. I called my mother again. She said: "We went to take tests." Well, I think the tests are so tests.

After the death of Nina, it turned out that the girl did not go to any tests. And she did not have a father “working on a watch”: back in 2016, she was in prison on charges of drug trafficking, and not the first time. Where on that day the mother took Nina is still unknown.

“The last time I saw Nina and her mother at the end of May.” Mom then said: “Well, the holidays. We will recover over the summer now, and everything will be fine. ” Nina, too, leaving the office, said: "Finally, the holidays, I was waiting for them." And then you know - then she died.

The origins of hunger

The reasons why Nina stopped eating is the main white spot in this story.

According to the investigation, the mother just stopped feeding the girl and in general - to follow her.

“In the period from March 2018, Teslenko O.G. She began to brutally treat the child, ceased to educate and maintain the child, take care of her state of health, that is, did not provide her with treatment and daily nutrition, the investigation said. “These circumstances entailed the occurrence of a significant deficiency of body weight in the child.”

Nina's mother has a different version. “It began two months ago ( in May 2018- I.Zh .). The daughter stopped eating. I persuaded her, she ate just a little. One of the peers told her that she was fat. Nina took it very emotionally, and did not eat anything. I thought that I could do it myself, I did not contact the doctors, I hoped that my daughter would eat, and this is temporary, ”said Oksana Teslenko after the detention of 59.ru.

Which version looks more true - it is impossible to say to the court: too few facts reveal the investigation. But at school, the information that someone teased Nina is rejected: firstly, Nina was not complete, and secondly, she was respectfully in the classroom-she was a girl and smart, and, importantly, helped others. Such classmates appreciate.

To find out what Nina's family was, I ask the neighbors, but they all say one thing: the family was unsociable, they lived quietly, did not scandal. Both mother and daughter looked neat. "You will never say that you were starving."

On July 16, 2018, Nina's mother called an ambulance. She said that her daughter was breathing heavily. When the doctors arrived, the girl was already dead. Mother admitted that in the last week Nina could not move independently. Doctors later found that shortly before his death, the girl ate, but this, apparently, could no longer stop destructive processes.

Part 2. Extreme

After the death of Nina, the investigating authorities opened a criminal case under Part 2 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Murder of a young”. The girl’s mother became a suspect. And after some time, the second criminal case appeared - under the article “negligence”. The blank was the head teacher of the Krasnokamsk school No. 3 Elena Pogorzhalskaya. She is now facing up to five years in prison. Not only colleagues, but also other Krasnokamy residents say about her simply: "cool." In the hotel, where I stopped, the administrator asked if I arrived from the history from Pogorzhalskaya?

Having received an affirmative answer, she said: “My daughter goes to third school. Elena Viktorovna is all in children, she lives them. You can’t plant it. ”

We meet Elena Pogorzhalskaya in the office of her lawyer. She looks very tired. He recalls that on the day of the tragedy was on vacation.

- This was the first day of vacation. My son and I only arrived in Lazarevskoye on the bus, went to the hotel, and then I called the head of the minors of Oksana Pirogova and told me what happened. Vacation, of course, was instantly ended.

Pogorzhalskaya handed over all school documents in Nina to investigators. Including - the results of psychological tests held at the school.

- For the first time, we tested emotional reactions in the fall of 2017. This is mandatory testing, which is carried out in all schools. It should identify the presence or absence of suicidal inclinations in children. Nina had no predisposition to suicide, ”says the head teacher. - The second testing was wider, it was aimed at identifying depression, anxiety, and at establishing a picture of interpersonal relations. Three schools were chosen in the region, and three different psychological centers conducted it for students. And here Nina also ended up in the Green Zone.

During the year, while the investigation was carried out in the case of negligence, Elena Pogorzhalskaya was called twice to the Investigative Committee for interrogation as a witness. And only in June of this year they made the accused.

"Pogorzhalskaya E.V. Inadequately performed its duties, which entailed the infliction of death to the child, ”the investigator wrote in the indictment. Improper performance of duties is this:

• The head teacher, according to investigators, mistakenly believed that Nina was brought up in a complete prosperous family, and did not establish that in fact the girl’s father was in prison.

• Pogorzhalskaya mistakenly believed that the Nina family has a constant source of income. Because of this, the girl was not put on intra-school records as "a child who is at the risk of a socially dangerous situation." And they did not notify her problems of custody.

• In May 2018, the class teacher of Nina Ilzira Karimova, according to the investigation, warned Pogorzhalskaya about the “sharp weight loss of a schoolgirl”. But she did not react.

As for the last paragraph, according to Karimova herself, it was built on a forgery: firstly, she did not say that the girl lost sharply, and secondly, the head teacher reacted: she offered to talk to the girl’s mother. The class teacher took it on herself.

“I think so now: who else could they attract?” Under the article “negligence” only an official can meet. And at school, officials are the director and head teacher, ”says Elena Pogorzhalskaya.

- Another thing, what is the negligence of our part? The psychological state of the girl was normal, which was confirmed by two tests conducted at the school. When Nina began to lose weight, the class teacher immediately talked with her mother, and she assured that she saw the problem, and then said that she had reduced the girl to take tests. That is, the school just showed attention. But at the same time, the school, as it turned out, had completely unreliable information about the family.

Pogorzhalskaya explains: Nina’s mother in a cards for the school indicated that her daughter’s father was working, in fact he was in prison. To check the data provided by the mother, the school had no reason: there was no information about family disadvantages. But they could have done well. For example, the police, who initiated the case of the girl’s father, could, after the sentence, as part of the interdepartmental interaction, transfer information to the commission on minors, and the commission would notify the school. Moreover, during the investigation it turned out that in the recent past, the Nina family officially had a poor status. That is, their problems were known in social protection. But from there, no one asked the school.

Neither police officers nor social security officers at the same time suspect.

- We believe that Elena Viktorovna fulfilled her duties by one hundred percent. When she received information about the weight loss of a girl, she immediately organized the work of teachers and a meeting with her mother. The failure did not occur at the school level, but at the level of the police and social protection. Due to the criminal record of his father, the district police officer went to this family. But the information to the school that the girl’s father was convicted by a difficult article did not transmit. Although he was obliged to do this in the framework of interagency interaction. Social protection has been data on family problems since 2012, says Elena Pogorzhalskaya, Ekaterina Timofeeva.

The Pogorzhalskaya herself, by the way, believes that the version of the “mother who froze the child with hunger” may also be insolvent.

- The case file has an examination of the mother of Nina, conducted in the Perm Psychiatric Hospital. During this examination, doctors suggested that Nina herself had, let’s say, mental disorders related to food.

We assume that she had anorexia and that she herself deliberately did not eat. And my mother is not only “tortured her daughter,” and did not follow her and found the disease very late.

Part 3. Change culture and laws

In the deaths of Nina Vesnina, the shortcomings of existing mechanisms of interaction between the subjects of the prevention of family dysfunction played a large role: the police, social protection, guardianship, the juvenile commission and school, said the program director of the Tagansky Children's Fund, psychiatrist Sergey Borzov. In his opinion, each subject of prevention individually completed his tasks, but the necessary social effect did not work out: a child who needs state support did not receive it.

“In the case of Krasnokamsky, a situation has developed when the parent, that is, the legal representative of the child, did not complain about the well -being of the girl, even vice versa - he said that“ everything is fine, we go to doctors and solve the problem, we do not need help. ” According to the Law on Personal Data (July 27, 2006 No. 152-ФЗ), without the consent of parents, none of the teachers or social workers had the right to access the health of the child and the nature of the medical care he received. This is one of the most problematic zones of early identification of the need for minors in state protection.

In several regions, including in Moscow, an algorithm for the interaction of prevention subjects is now being discussed, in which if within one and a half to two months there is no positive dynamics, then a signal is sent to the guardianship and trustees that there is a risk of violation of the legal rights and interests of the child in this family. Specialists in the prescribed manner visit this family to study the current situation. Next, an interdisciplinary consultation is assembled to develop mechanisms that provide not only to provide assistance, but to restore the ability of the family to cope with the crisis on their own.

At the same time, Borzov emphasizes that this is not about repressive measures.

- We know, we understand and follow this in the process of choosing professional solutions that the main task of the system of early identification of family dysfunction is not to punish parents, but to help them overcome the causes of crisis situations in the life of the family.

One of the difficulties is that in Russia not only the early detection system has not yet been formed, but also the culture of attitude to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children.

- When a child cries behind the wall for three days, the neighbors will think for a start: "Poor mother, how difficult it is with such a child." And the fact that the child is hungry, and the mother cannot feed him (does not know how, drunk, does not want, etc.), - this comes to mind definitely not in the first place. Of course, this is largely due to the peculiarities of the work of the guardianship and guardianship authorities, and with our history - 1937. But everything is changing, you can’t live all your life in the past: now the main goal of the work of all involved structures and specialists is to save the family, to help it learn to cope with crises on your own, seeking support if necessary.

Meanwhile, Elena Pogorzhalskaya is preparing for the next court session, which will be held on September 25. If the head teacher is found guilty, she can be sent to the colony for five years.

The real causes of Nina’s death is still not announced by the investigation.