The life of the poet is red

In this September, the poet Boris Ryzel would have turned 45 years old. At 26, he committed suicide, leaving a note "I loved everyone, without fools"

The bus station, the intercity bus is being prepared for departure. Boris Red and wife Irina Knyazeva go to the cemetery to her grandmother. An elderly woman enters the bus interior and demands to free up the places where Boris and Irina are sitting, although there are free seats nearby. A squabble begins, a woman goes on persons: seeing a scar on a red cheek, writes him into bandits. Red reacts: "Yes, I fought for you, grandmother!"

He had a great sense of humor - everyone remembers. He loved jokes, draws to "be fun." In childhood, for example, he was funing over a neighbor. They talked between the apartments with the help of a device, and the redhead recorded on the tape recorder: "Kostya, Kostya, I do not hear you!" - And he went to drink tea. At this time, Kostya shouted in response to him: “Borya, and so? And so you hear me?! " And then he ran home to the redhead in confusion.

Somehow, Boris went to the playground, where his sister Olga was walking with his daughter, and pretended to be unfamiliar: supposedly he was an accidental passerby who noticed that there was no sand in the sandbox. He “called” the director of ZhEK, proved to “called” that he knew everyone, sorted it out. It was a spontaneous mini-performance for his sister-Olga laughed.

In 2000, in an interview with the redhead, they asked: "You are more cheerful, sunny and cheerful than the opposite?" He replied: "Even if on the contrary, a person should still be cheerful and cheerful." They say that he read his poems about death with a smile.

Part One. Childhood

Because everyone loved me
The trees were silent until the morning.
“The girl was presented with a bear,” -
Before going to bed, my sister read me.

In Evgenia Onegin, which stood in the library of redheads, the quatrain was recorded:

“The poet was walking differently,
From white to black.
To be complete synclite,
Not enough redhead. "

This poem was dedicated to Boris Ryzhnya, only not to our hero, the famous poet Boris Borisovich Ryzhnya, but to his father Boris Petrovich. Boris Petrovich wrote poetry, loved poetry: he read, quoted poetry in conversations and recited them for the night of children. His beloved poet was Alexander Blok.

Boris Petrovich met his wife Margarita Mikhailovna at school and already in the sixth grade knew that they would be married. They even sat at one desk: Borya schoolchild came early to take a place for himself and Margarita.

She was two years older than him: when Rita was small, the Germans captured and hidden to Germany in the Oryol region and his mother in the Oryol region. Because of the captivity, the girl missed the school, but when she returned after the release, she quickly caught up with her peers. She became an excellent student, went to all circles. Hermione Granger had problems with her studies: she could not at the same time get to German and dancing.

Margarita and Boris Red photos: from the archive of Elena Zolotareva, Boris's sisters

Both Margarita Mikhailovna and Boris Petrovich received higher education: she became an epidemiologist, he is a geophysicist. With a difference of a year, the redheads had two daughters - Lena and Olya. When Ole was 11 years old, Borya was born. Late desired child.

Parents and sisters did not dull souls in him: they pamper, protected. “Absolute love in its purest form,” this is how close people describe relations in their family.

“We were brought up in a greenhouse atmosphere, did not go to the kindergarten,” recalls Olga, Boris's sister. “I don’t remember being punished.” Girls [in the yard] said the phrase “put in a corner”, but I did not understand how it was: there you need to reimburse something? Why stand in the corner? "

Olga says that for some reason she was afraid for her brother all the time. She blamed herself for the fact that she was not near the day when he cut his cheek. This happened in the country: Little Borya played a machine and poured water into a glass jar - “gasoline” for a machine. He walked with a jar, stumbled, fell and cut his face with fragments. Miraculously did not hurt the eye - there were several millimeters left before him.

The hospital was in the city. At first, Boris Petrovich caught a scooter on the road, but there was no place for his wife - she rushed about, was going to ask her to be taken on a horse. As a result, the hospital all arrived together on the way. There the cut was sewn, but bad. The seam was already “remade” in Chelyabinsk - little Borya was in surgery with his mother. Margarita Mikhailovna was very worried about her son, and the surgeon reassured her: "Scars decorate the man."

Boris with mom and sisters photo: from the archive of Elena Zolotareva, Boris's sister

When Boris was six years old, the redheads moved from Chelyabinsk to Sverdlovsk. The family exchanged a three -room in the center of Chelyabinsk for a four -room apartment in Sverdlovsk. What kind of area is such - Vtorchermet, Margarita Mikhailovna and Boris Petrovich were unlikely to know. And certainly they could not have imagined that their neighbors would be former prisoners who worked at Vtorcemet factories.

Part two. Vtorchermet

Turned the tram into Titov Street,
Spraying lilacs in the sky.
And the clouds - and I am with you again -
Fly over the head, good afternoon!

Blow, blow, hit again. In boxing ringing, two fitted 46-year-old men train. Coach Sergei Manin observes the battle. Now he works in a private club, and earlier he was engaged in children at the boxing school. Boris came to him by a teenager.

Manin, of course, remembers not everyone who went to the section: he has been working as a coach since the 86th year, every year a stream is 120 people. “I was somehow asked: there are a lot of boys, how do you determine who is talented? I replied: Imagine that this is a common mass. If I see a smart, meaningful look, interest, then there is something in a person. It works like that for me. ”

Red manin remembered. It stood out at once for several reasons: surname, scar, and also - interest in boxing. According to loved ones, Boris even won the city youth competitions, but then decided to leave the section.

Boris in childhood Photo: From the archive of Olga Rodygina, Boris's sisters

There is no accurate answer why: perhaps because of vision problems-I saw the eye poorly after the injury, perhaps I did not want to spend all my time on sports. “He made success, and it was necessary to go to the training camp for three months - to plunge into a big sport,” Olga recalls. “He said:“ I won’t go anywhere, I feel good at home. ” But the classes were not in vain: the ability to defend and attack was at that time almost the most important for the resident of Vtorchermet.

In Sverdlovsk, Boris Petrovich became the main geophysicist of the Ural geological management, then as the director of the Institute of Geophysics of the Ural Branch of the Academy of Sciences. Behind him every morning a car with a personal driver came. There was a large library at home, which the redheads constantly replenished, enrolling in the queue for the purchase of books.

When Boris grew, they lived in abundance. “I remember how I thought: God forbid philistinism! - recalls Olga. -Once they bought home a closet, at which at that time everyone put the dishes. My sister and I thought: we lacked the dishes, and put there minerals that dad brought from all over the country. ”

In the only affordable video interview, Red -haired shows reporters his yard: “This is my yard, my house, where I lived the best half of my life. I lived here for ten years. Nothing has changed here, everything is the same as it was. The lattices on the windows and inscriptions were added not in Russian on the walls, but in English. What else ... Here, probably, most of my beloved people <...> - mainly from drugs. Those whom I loved and whom I respected. "

He said this in 2000, but in 2019, little changed in the courtyard of house 44 on Titov Street. A five -story building of a sandy color with peeling paint, almost indistinguishable from a nearby. Grandmothers drink beer in the yard. A guy with a bruise under his eye talks to his friends. The walls of the entrance, in which the redheads lived in continuous prints of time: nasarapat names, recognition. Near the entrance, a black marker is brought out: "In the quarters of the distant and sad."

Boris with his father at a demonstration photo: from the archive of Elena Zolotareva, Boris's sister

“For ten years I have been living in a house where 90 percent of residents are former prisoners,” Ryzhya said in another interview. - I really love these people. <...> Two brothers lived in our house, one of them stabbed a man, and the other took out a corpse on a truck. Everyone knew about this in the house, the whole local chantrap knew - the police learned about this only two years later. There is something in this world. He really influenced my formation. But at the same time I read Pasternak. It is interesting that there was no contradiction in this. A skull, a legless Kolyan came to me, we played cards, then they left, and I read Pasternak. I led a completely hooligan way of life, we had something happened all the time. ” The redheads lived on the third floor, and these two staircases were a kind of transition from point A - home comfort for Boris, unconditional love - to point B - to the street, peers who lived in a completely different way.

“I knew the boys [with whom Borya walked]: they often came to our house,” Olga says. - Once I looked out the window and saw the boys walk in a circle, and Borya and Dima were in the center. Then I asked Bori what kind of game it was. He replied: "We were guards, and they were prisoners."

The usual evening at the redheads: tea drinking, Borya walks. Suddenly a knock on the door. “Open - there is a policeman and Borya. The policeman hesitated and left. It turned out that Borya with the company was sitting in the yard. A policeman approached them, demanded to turn his pockets. Everyone turned it down, but Borya - no. “Then let's go to your parents.” - "Let's go." Perhaps the policeman thought that Borya would be frightened, but by the time they reached the third floor, the policeman himself, apparently, was not happy with what was happening, ”Olga recalls.

The younger redhead also studied on Vtorchermet, at the 106th school. “She was completely terrible, they cut each other there, won some frantic amounts and so on cards,” Boris told reporters. In another interview without regret, even with a smile, he spoke about the school years: “They beat me [me]. And somehow we all beat, and everyone beats someone. <...> I was beaten, I beat. "

In the nineties in the city, everything became worse: drugs, fights, death. On the street they could be beaten for the Adidas suit, to tear the fur hat from the head. It was worth entering a strange courtyard only if you knew the locals. But the guy from an intelligent family on Vtorchamet was not afraid of anyone.

Part is the third. Family

... we'll go, we'll go, we’ll go,
Only take your heart with us.
... we will only take our speech,
To protect the word "love".

“My first love ended successfully. It was a schoolgirl Irina, who later became my wife and gave birth to me a wonderful son Artem. <...> All his life he loved this woman, this girl. When I met her, when I saw it for the first time, I immediately fell in love. And, thank God, for eight years we have been living with her and everything is very good. ”

Boris met Irina Knyazeva at school-from the 10th grade they studied together. He did not show her his feelings for a long time, he "was enough to see." By the end of the 11th, I realized that it was necessary to act. They began to meet, and the redhead made an offer to Irina. “Not everyone is given to love, but he was given to him,” says Irina. “I always surprised me how a person could experience such crazy feelings.”

Boris Red photo: from the archive of Olga Rodygina, sisters Boris

“I remember how the girls called in the younger school, the notes wrote to him notes:“ Borya, I love you, ”Olga recalls. - I was mixed as he talked to them on the phone. “In the cinema? I won’t go to the movies with you. Why? I have no one else to go to the movies with?” And Irina appeared in his life and remained forever. ”

They got married in December 1991. A few months before the red wedding, they were greatly beaten on the street: they hit the head behind the head on the back, divided. It was restored for a very long time, even in wedding photographs traces of beatings are noticeable.

Both Irina and Boris studied in the mountain, entered graduate school. The redhead went to study at Mountain under the influence of his father and then got a job at the Institute of Geophysics by a junior researcher. “Yes, I am studying in graduate school to get off the army,” he said in an interview. - I have a wife and a son, I cannot go serve and leave them alone. I do not need to choose between poetry and science. I do not want to be a geophysicist and do not want to work at the Academy of Sciences. ”

They lived modestly, constantly earned a lot: Irina - at home with projects in the evenings, Boris - at the parking lot at night. Together we went to Petersburg twice, it didn’t work out then - there was no money.

At first, the young lived with Margarita Mikhailovna and Boris Petrovich, and then moved to a separate apartment. But Boris still went to his parents daily - he was very worried about them, especially for his father: in 1991 he had a heart attack, and his son was afraid of the second. Parents worried about Boris no less.

The son of Artem was born with them in 1993 - then Irina was 19, Boris - 18. Boris took a full part in the life of his son: he prepared, played, walked with him in a green grove.

Boris and Irina, in fact, grew together: studied at school, then at the university, tried to survive in the hungry nineties, raised a child. Irina saw him not only cheerful, but also exhausted, in depression.

Part is fourth. Exile

Why then he doesn't
me to the wall, my light?
He knew for sure that I was a boxer
And I am a poet, poet.

“The redhead was my only interlocutor in Yekaterinburg, who could be read by heart, for example, Batyushkov,” says Boris's close friend Oleg Dozmorov. - I am a philologist, but I read Russian poetry less than Boris. He definitely was not a bully from the back desk. Of course, he could move someone, answer rudeness, but this was not his essence-rather, one of his masks. When he talked with writers, intelligentsia, he put on a mask of such a guy. ”

According to Dosmorov, Boris was not among his intelligentsia - there was not enough “gloss”: “But also“ tear off and throw ”his either among his own. I think this is one of his deepest internal conflicts: he could not feel his own anywhere - the eternal marginal and exile. Only poetry for him was an exit into the space where he was himself. "

Postcard from Boris sister Olga Photo: From the personal archive of Olga Rodygina

Sergey Lusin, Boris's best friend, in the film “Boris Red” by Alena Van der Horst, said about the same thing: “His own among strangers, a stranger among his own. He did not fit into the intellectual circle, and we also had an inner feature that he could not cross. He could not deal with crime, so such an internal conflict. ”

“We often shared memories from childhood, talked about the people next to whom we lived, about the deaths that we saw,” recalls Domorov. -Once, Borya told me: “You know, Oleg, what is the difference between me and you? In that I loved these people.” For me, these people really were at the level of “jokes”, and Borya was truly compassionate. He felt guilty before them. He did not just knew everyone on the Tutor chamber - he regretted everyone there. All his complexity, vulnerability, conscience was expressed in verses. ”

Irina confirms: Boris really experienced everything is impossible. “He seemed to live two lives,” adds Oleg. - Borya lived with such intensity that the year was three, and he mentally felt an old man. He had a constant source of pain inside, possibly many years of depression, but she was part of his personality. ”

Part is the fifth. Poetry

I am to life in painful duty,
And only the death of generous and silent.
For everything, for everything. For muddy dawn.
For bread. For salt. The warmth of the native shelter.
For the fact that I thank you all,
For not hearing a word.

“There are two types of literature: horizontal and vertical,” said Red. - Horizontal is Western. They write a lot, just text, canvas, there are good places in it, there are bad ones. And there is vertical literature-this is ours, Russian, we write, then we cance something, leave something. And just a skill-a poet, a “scribbler” is very simple, and it is very difficult for a master to become a master-skill is to be from what you did, leave the right or add something, but not touch the virginity of this inspiration. This is the most important thing. "

Boris Ryzhiy at the award of the Antibuker Award photo: Sergey Zolotarev (from the archive of Olga Zolotareva, sister Boris)

He was a master. “It only seems that he has simple verses, in fact it is a complex, high -industry poetry,” Domorov explains. - He is understandable to everyone: a man and a person who is sophisticated in verses, who does not understand verses. This versatility is a unique property. This, perhaps, was with Yesenin and Vysotsky. People sincerely believed that Vysotsky fought, sat, climbed the mountains. Boris has the same talent for the protrusion, a unique talent. ”

Alexander Kushner calls the main thing in the poetry of the redhead calls the combination of the high poetic “music” with a low prose of the life of the young man of the nineties in Yekaterinburg. Evgeny Rhine noted his early poetic maturity, thorough knowledge of classical, modernist, Soviet poetry, a firmly thought out and strictly evidence position in literary work.

The redhead began to write poetry at school, and since 1992 they have already been published. At that time, the emergence of a new poet could only be learned from literary magazines, and the poems of the redhead were printed in Star, the Urals, and the almanac of URBI. Real success came after the publication at the Banner in 1999. For this selection of "branded" poems to Red, almost a year later awarded the Antibuker Award.

Boris learned about the prize from the news of the Culture television channel: “It was reported that the prize in the field of poetry was received by a forty -year -old Boris Ryzhiy and writing about new Russian bandits. Я чуть с дивана не упал. Потом стали звонить мои тетушки и дядюшки из Израиля, из разных городов России и спрашивать: “Что случилось с нашим Боренькой? Как он докатился до такого?” А на самом деле стихи были о любви — к женщине, к жизни. И о смерти».

«Успех Бориса и для Москвы беспрецедентный, а для Екатеринбурга — тем более: раз — и первый поэт появился, — говорит Дозморов. — Боря доказал, что можно жить не в столице и быть не провинциальным поэтом».

В одном из интервью Рыжий коснулся как раз этой темы: «Я никогда не оценивал себя в масштабах города. Я хотел писать лучше, чем Пастернак, я хотел писать лучше, чем Бродский».

Премия «Антибукер». Борис Рыжий — второй слева Фото: Сергей Золотарев (из архива Ольги Золотаревой, сестры Бориса)

«Антибукеру», по словам близких, он был очень рад, но благодаря премии у него добавилась еще одна причина для переживаний: напишет ли он снова хорошие стихи? Не раздают ли люди ему «авансы»?

В 2000-м вышла первая книга стихов Рыжего — в «Пушкинском фонде». За пару лет до этого события Борис с Ириной шли с «маститыми» поэтами по Екатеринбургу, и Борис — ради красного словца, да и чтобы щелкнуть их по носу — сказал, что его стихи скоро выйдут в «Пушкинском фонде». The dream came true.

Часть шестая. Archive

7 мая 2001 года в квартире своих родителей в Екатеринбурге Борис покончил жизнь самоубийством. Он оставил записку: «Я всех любил, без дураков». На вопрос, почему он принял такое решение, из его близких ответить никто не может.

После его смерти дома осталась кипа бумаг со стихами. Архив разбирал отец — с невиданной энергией. «Папа считал, что стихи надо быстрее публиковать, чтобы они не пропали, — вспоминает Ирина. — Он действительно много сделал, но там были стихи, которые — я точно знаю — Боря не стал бы публиковать. Он очень требовательно относился в своим стихам».

Ирина добавляет: писал всегда трезвым, обычно ночами, потом вносил правки. А иногда во время разговора замирал и начинал загибать пальцы — считал количество слогов.

Итальянский славист и литературовед Лаура Сальмон, которая перевела стихи Рыжего на итальянский, говорит, что в его поэзии есть парадокс, он встречается у немногих поэтов — среди них Пушкин: «Чем меньше женщину мы любим, тем легче нравимся мы ей». У Рыжего: «Как хорошо мы плохо жили». Кто еще может так сказать? Это безукоризненный язык, который может понять народ. При этом он знал всю русскую поэзию, в переводе — иностранную и античную.

Лаура Сальмон вспоминает, как три года назад к ней обратился издатель Марко Мунаро с предложением перевести Рыжего. До этого момента она не знала стихов Рыжего и три дня провела без сна и еды — читала и перечитывала. Естественно, решила взяться за перевод, но была трудность: бюджет у небогатого итальянского издательства был ограниченный.

Переводчик решила: если вдова Бориса назовет сумму больше обозначенной, она просто оплатит разницу из своего кармана. Она связалась с Ириной и заговорила о цене. Ирина сказала, что денег не нужно.

Подборка стихов Бориса Рыжего в журнале «Знамя»

***

Вадим Курочкин, близкий университетский друг Бориса, стоит на метеогорке и смотрит на Екатеринбург.

До строительства небоскреба «Высоцкий» метеогорка была самой высокой точкой города. Отсюда видно, как хаотично меняется город в последние годы: стеклянно-бетонные гиганты втискиваются между хрущевками и историческими постройками. Ощущение, что городу будто пристроили несколько этажей.

Вдалеке слева — Вторчермет, за ним — Елизавет, еще один рабочий район. Курочкин жил как раз в Елизавете, каждый день добирался до центра города полтора часа.

Вадим дружил с Борисом не «по части поэзии». Он ни разу не читал «Роттердамский дневник» Рыжего, и я читаю ему отрывки — описание их студенческих «приключений». «Я начинаю вспоминать этого Махача, жену его, — оживляется Курочкин. — Дискотеку эту помню. Боря мне еще сказал: танцуем спина к спине, чтобы прикрывать друг друга. Это его правило было, он же боксер…»

Борис Рыжий Фото: Ирина Князева (из архива Елены Золотаревой, сестры Бориса)

Вадим узнал о смерти Бориса из новостей по радио, но даже не придал этому значения — подумал, что это очередной розыгрыш Рыжего. Он говорит, что таких друзей, как Боря, у него никогда не было и больше не будет. «Каким бы он был сейчас? Высокий, красивый, с усами. Да, я бы попросил его отрастить. Интересно посмотреть на Борю с усами: со шрамом видел, а с усами — нет. I'm joking, of course. "

И он чуть ли не впервые за весь наш разговор улыбается.

В тексте использованы цитаты из интервью «Поэзия — занятие для мужей. В натуре» («Подробности», 2000), «Поэт должен выступать адвокатом Жизни» («Областная газета», 2000), «Поэт из дома бывших заключенных» («Независимая газета», 2000) и видеопрограммы «Магический кристалл» (Главная редакция художественных и публицистических программ СГТРК, 2000).