Single picket

How do laws act on the shore of the Great Lake? The road is built, the mayor sits

The monument was manufactured in Irkutsk (from polystyrene, then covered with gypsum), on the truck was transported to the hujir, to the famous Baikal Island of Olkhon, over 300 kilometers, installed in the most attractive and recognizable place - so that everyone would see - against the background of the symbol of the lake, the rocks of the shaman. A spontaneous rally gathered.

There are four words on the pedestal: “Guarantor of the Constitution” and “Freedom to Kopylov”. Eyewitnesses argue that people were decisive, the monument had to be guarded. As a result, the "guarantor" did not intervene. Kopylov was condemned (both district judges took self-disclosure, the process took place in Ekhit-Bulagatsky). The monument was dismantled and taken away.

- It would be decorated, but we need it? - One of the organizers of the action explained to me - Irkutsk entrepreneur, friend Kopylov, Sergey Perevoznikov. - After all, we needed to ensure that the action was noticed, well, they achieved: the entire Internet was filled out ... They also offered to block the Kopylov road to Olkhon, I objected, although now I think, in vain: in the midst of the tourist season, this would be especially weighty ... Now we are thinking over a few more promotions.

- We are who?

- They did not authorize me to call their surnames ...

At his cheese man (on Baikalskaya Street) there was a car with a stencil inscription on the rear glass: “Freedom Kopylov” (“Your?” I asked. “Wife,” Sergey answered). I then saw cars with the same inscriptions in Irkutsk, and in Khuzhir, and in the district center of Elants, at the buildings of the administration. And at the entrance to Elants, the same words - I saw from the bus - stones are laid out on the slope of the hill.

The mayor of the Olkhonsky district of Kopylov was found guilty of abuse of authority, in early June 2019 they sentenced to three years in prison. According to investigators, during the reconstruction of the road from the district center to the ferry crossing, he illegally provided the road workers with a land of land, knowingly knowing that he belonged to the Baikal National Park. On October 11, the Irkutsk Regional Court refused to appeal. Now the Cassation Court will be engaged in the case in Kemerovo.

... This is the prosecutor of business, we have divisions.

But first - a certificate.

The length of the island of Olkhon is 73.5 km, width is up to 15 km, the area is 730 square meters. km. The distance from Irkutsk by road is 256 km. The Small Sea and the Olkhon Gate are separated from the mainland. To the east of the island is the deepest place of Baikal - 1642 meters. The territory of Olkhon, together with the adjacent islands, is part of the Baikal National Park.

The island is considered the sacred center of the "Northern Shaman world." And at Cape Burkhan (the same rock of the shaman) above the coast of the lake next to the village of Khuzhir, ribbons on the trees tremble in the wind: this is “about” the place of worship of spirits. According to ancient legends in the cave of the shaman of the shaman, the lord of these places and all Olkhon - Burkhan lived. The same sacred place of veneration is the same sacred mountain of the island - Izimi (1274 m). Somewhere at the foot of this mountain, the immortal bear is supposedly chained.

In Soviet times, until the mid-1950s, the “institution” of the Gulag was located in the sandy tract. Convicts lived in four barracks. They worked in the workshop of the Malomoresky Fish Plant located here. Lezhnevka has survived to this day - flooring from boards along the sands for traveling transport to the workshop.

Now on the island there is one road - soil, from the ferry crossing to the village of Khuzhir.

The fish plant on Olkhon is abandoned, collapses before our eyes (omul left, his fishing in Lake Baikal was banned for ten years). The fish plant bought a “private face” (all unanimously call the deputy prime minister of the regional government) in order to transfer recreational objects to the category of recreational objects. But local deputies refused the new owner, the Deputy Prime Minister came in person, noisy, threatened, but to no avail.

Entrance to the island is carried out along the ferry crossing from the village of Sahaurt. Currently, three ferries are working - a small “roadroteger” (accepts 5-6 cars) and large - “Olkhonsky Gates” and “Semyon Batagaev”, which accepted each about twenty cars. In the summer, the crossing works all daylight hours with an interval of about an hour. At the entrance to the crossing, many hours of lines from cars accumulate. The average line of line is about three hours. In winter, an ice road works instead of ferry crossing.

There was an idea to build a bridge across the Strait. “It seems to have fought back,” Grigory Ogdonov rejoices, the former head of Khuzhir. “Because with three ferries, at least kill yourself, you won’t transport more than five hundred cars a day.”

In 2005, a power transmission line was drawn to Olkhon. 1744 people live on the island. For almost 15 years now - with light.

They live, in general, good due to tourism: dozens of private camps, hotels, cafes, souvenir shops. The Chinese, again, are being built. I will not say that there are more hieroglyphs in the hujier than the Cyrillic alphabet, but they catch their eyes.

From the point of view of a local resident

My interlocutors are Grigory Ogdonov and large father Vyacheslav Garmaev . Garmaev built a house in the village for the received maternity capital. And now he defends his right in court in court.

V. G. -The house is owned, the land is owned ... But somehow no one claims to be at home, and the land suddenly considered the national park. Like the whole island. And no one puts on the cadastral records - neither the administration nor the park.

G. O. -The administration just put it ... The first general plan was drawn up in Olkhon, in 2008 it was approved, agreed, it was sent to Moscow, in 27 ministries and departments they were visited ... The prosecutor's office is now trying to challenge, but the statute of limitations all left. Where have you been before? The fact is that in the decision of the Duma of the Khuzhir municipality in the text it says: “Card material is attached”, but it turned out, it turns out, to write: “Card material of the general plan of the Khuzhir municipality is attached.” And because of this, you need to cancel the entire general plan, can you imagine?

V. G. -And for three years I, as some offender,-I judge, I hire lawyers, I go ...

G. O. - We took off money. Because this is a precedent for us, if Glory wins, we all win. And if Glory loses, we will all find ourselves in the same position, can you imagine?

V. G. - Who gave 500 rubles, some thousand, who is richer - more. Well, since they collected two ... how much can you?

G. O. - Can you imagine? He is going to Elants, refueling the car, you know the road, this time, this is money, you need to eat again. At the same time, a lawyer is traveling from Irkutsk to Elan, five hours. He arrives, sits down in court, and the judge: “Tolerate!” ...

V. G. - A lawyer to me: "Sorry, I have such a job." The court was, he was not - he arrived. For the money of 100-130 thousand, it took a lawyer, each departure is 13 thousand, so count ... Then he took a human person, made a discount.

In 2015, the deputy wrote to the president from Listvyanka on the same occasion, from there they lowered it to the Ministry of Natural Resources, where the head of the department replied: yes, you can put it into property. And he pointed out - so that the social situation would not be heated. Black in white. A representative of the Ministry of Natural Resources came to the court, I tell him: I have your letter, an answer to the appeal to the president. He looked, he said: I need to consult with the authorities. The court is postponed again, after a month this one came: no, this is all nonsense, this is all the private opinion of one official. It’s good “private opinion” - on the form, with the seal, with the signature of the director of the department ...

G. O. - If the settlement is part of the National Park, then all infrastructure objects are transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources. Then the administration is not needed. Why is she? And if such a glory wants to rearrange the fence, he must write a letter to the Ministry of Natural Resources to Moscow. This is the only way. In Moscow, the ministry has a special department, there are four people - all over Russia!

2500 statements per month - we were called the figure here. And for years people have been waiting for their application for the transfer of the fence.

It is clear that all the time, the man sent a letter, did not receive a response, waved his hand and made himself, without waiting for permission. But then everyone becomes a potential person involved at least an administrative case. You see, in what vice are we?

V. G. - The prosecutor’s office told us: to issue a building permit, write to the administration. There, of course, they answer: on the basis of the presentation of the prosecutor's office, to refuse. They go to court for the administration. And the prosecutor's office at the gathering tells us: in court we will help you. Is it nonsense?

When there was a “direct line” with the president, in the 17th, such Zarubin came here ( the Moscow television journalist Pavel Zarubin. - Ed. ), Turned to us so that we, then, were asked the president. They allocated a person, but they did not give him the words. This was a disappointment with people, they later told me: why did you not tear out the microphone from this Zarubin?

In our gatherings, it reaches such an intensity that the pitchfork is ready to take and raise all these people on them ...

G. O. - I worked here for five years by the head of the administration, and even seven before - by a specialist. I also went under investigation for three years. There was a huge landfill, and I removed it. The entire population was attracted, all youth. They removed everything under the rake. So before the New Year I was shielded to prison. He served two months, then eight months - under house arrest.

V. G. - Garbage was - one and a half meters, since Soviet times.

G. O. - They said that the landfill was not 60 thousand cubic meters, but seven. Just. And the rest of the money I seemed to pick. But we all proved, in the end I received conditionally. Such justice is for us, the judge told me: I give you conditionally, without a fine and without removal from office! And for another year I worked as the head, I got two more criminal cases on me, I barely got out of them. He paid with lawyers last year only last year, and the contractors who removed the landfill for 18 million, they sold their apartments ...

The funniest, next year, the island for garbage was allocated 45 million! I, therefore, had to leave a year, doing nothing, the contractor would have come in, half would have been divided ...

We removed all the landfills from the island, we have seven villages here, each has its own landfill - where there is more, where is smaller. And we all eliminated them all, by sorting, for the first time in Russia. Look, there are multi -colored containers everywhere - for glass, for plastic, for paper. Now there is not a single landfill. And this is not the merit of the national park.

V. G. - Every local nature is more monitored than any national park. Nobody will throw a cigarette butt from the car. In "What? Where? When?" It was even a question: why is an empty bottle of a lamp on Olkhon to the trunk of each car? And so that the bulls are thrown there! And who does it? National Park? Every year, the season ends, we are going to go along excursion paths, we clean everything. Nobody pays, no one forces - themselves.

At the reception at the dentist

Famous Irkutsk biologist Viktor Kuzevanov:

- When we are talking about the “Man and Baikal” system, we do not interact with Baikal himself, we interact with other people. And with this interaction, we are destroying the nature of Baikal. This applies either to the construction of a building, or a pier, or roads ... The problem of roads on Olkhon is simply catastrophic. And if you can still drive from the ferry to the hujir ... And since there is no asphalt that protects the soil, cars from the ruts are driving along it. On Olkhon, these traces remain for decades, as in the tundra, a trace of an all -terrain vehicle. But the property of Olkhon, I have already said, overcoming these influences over time ...

- Is there enough time?

- The maximum anthropogenic load on Olkhon studied the institute in Irkutsk. We developed special standards for Olkhon, the standards adopted in the European Union were taken as the basis, the best European scientists and landscape planning specialists participated. But, unfortunately, we have a gap between what scientists say and what the administrators do. They do not do what scientists advise them, but as they are dictated by their “common sense”. And what can a bureaucrat? Either prohibit or provide preferences to the most malicious violators.

- Why - "or"? This happens at the same time.

- Certainly. We have numerous laws and rules, it is forbidden to do a lot in the coastal zone in Lake Baikal ... But for some reason it does not work.

- And what is the way out of this?

- You know, there is such a book - “Baikal Studies”, all aspects of the relationship are versed in it, I recommend that you find this book. These are three textbooks-for the 5th, 6th and 7th grades. On these textbooks, several tens of thousands of schoolchildren in the region are now studying. My wife wrote them. And there is a special section “Man in Lake Baikal”, where everything is laid out on the shelves, with which it began, where what moves, what goes to ...

Now we are preparing a generation of children who are born in “anti -Soviet time”, people who will use Baikal rationally. After 15–20 years, it is they who will make decisions on Baikal.

Therefore, my vision is not so negative. You see, when your tooth hurts, you come to the dentist and understand that it will hurt, but you need to endure.

- And if you get to a bad dentist?

- In this case, we have more than one dentist ... We gradually form a civil society, laid traditions, corporate culture, if you want. This is spilled in the form of protest, as in the case of Kopylov. You see, he made a decision supported by the population. On the "straight lines", people directly turned to the president, the president gave a direct assignment, the administration, gritting their teeth, began to fulfill ... But it turned it down, the same Kopylov.

From the point of view of the national park

Svetlana Babina, Deputy Director for Science of the "Reserve Baikal"

- About Kopylov. The Baikal National Park was damaged, and this act should, of course, be punished. We believe that there are legal ways, and if the law was violated, then we must answer. And it is very good that at least somewhere the law triumphed. It would be nice that everywhere.

- How many tourists on Olkhon have increased in recent years?

- Of course, I will not call you the exact numbers immediately ... but it increased very much.

- Did the new road greatly contributed to this?

“I don’t know ... I don’t think very much.” I think that now there is simply an interest in the peak, caused by publications on social networks. This is a temporary phenomenon. You see, 80–90% of tourists attending the island are still residents of the Irkutsk region, the Chinese are growing, but with them such an interesting situation: they create a nonsense factor. For example, our main load is given the summer months. And the Chinese go in November, in December, and in March ... that is, not to say that growth is because of them. Maybe people have more technology, more interest in Lake Baikal, people began to ride abroad less. And the growth of tourism is associated, of course, with the electrification of Olkhon, and with ferries. And, do not forget, in the Irkutsk region the last three years have been unusually sunny and warm. And this also affects. Well, the fact that the number of places for living on a hujir has increased, turbals are built very quickly - both ours and Chinese.

The road, of course, also somehow influenced. On Olkhon, the number of machines has greatly increased, the system is being worked out, guides are already gaining more groups since winter, and what kind of "guides" are! Guides must be certified!

In four years, three directors have changed, while it arrives, it will look around until its plans are ... And the budget allocates once a year. There are no good projects, there is no implementation. And a lot of state obstacles.

The situation is this, one can only hope that the interest in Olkhon will still decrease ...

- But while he is increasing ...

- There are prospects, as it were, there are ... for example, already with the second leader we are trying to introduce an electronic permits system. And I hope, from next year, she will finally work. There is an idea of ​​creating a common entry checkpoint in Elan, large, where these permits will be issued, where there will be parking. But so far these are only projects.

There is a project to make trails on the shaman, the project is not ours, they brought it to us, we looked, gave our comments, now they are being finalized. Who will only allocate money for him? Because we are now getting funding, which is barely enough for gasoline and wages. We need extra -budgetary funds - for organizing raids, for biotechnical work, for garbage collection ... In the case of fires - for payments to aviators, firefighters. And compensation for all these expenses is possible only in March - after court decisions and after the season. Sometimes not in full. And what we get in the summer, we only manage to plug the holes.

- How would you assess the state of legislative work in Baikal?

- Very weak. Impossible. It must be changed, or there will be no sense here. And the fact that residents of settlements should receive permission in Moscow in the Ministry of Natural Resources for any construction is absolutely impossible.

“ There are really only four people there?”

- Yes. I understand that this was done in order to protect themselves from corruption by the local administration, but this led to the fact that people do not know at all that they need to be coordinated with Moscow in their economic activity.

In the meantime, only the one who has the opportunity to walk around the offices can agree on something, who has relevant ones in Moscow, levers.

- The unidentified boundaries of the National Park. Is it true?

- Yes. In fact, this problem in general terms of reality corresponds. Постановлением Верховного суда границы природного парка устанавливаются согласно решению Совета министров РСФСР от 1986 года, но, к сожалению, и там полно нюансов, которые мешают им пользоваться. Но на сегодняшний день я, однако, могу обещать, что граница, наконец, будет установлена. Сейчас идет работа по постановке территории на кадастровый учет. И мы все очень верим, что уже в следующем году этот вопрос будет, наконец, решен. И парк обретет свои границы. Но в них войдут и населенные пункты, что не только для них, но и для нас очень обременительно.

— И как этот груз вы собираетесь нести?

— А у нас никто и не спрашивает. В том постановлении 1986 года вопрос поселений никак не оговаривался специально, а прокуратура настаивает, что выводить территории из состава Национального парка нам нельзя. И нам, конечно, придется заниматься всеми делами, свалками теми же. А все законы только готовятся.

— А сил-то у вас хватит, заниматься всем этим?

— Не хватит, конечно. Тем более когда мы встанем на кадастр, все проблемы берега Байкала станут нашими.

— А сколько у вас сотрудников?

— 240. Нам, конечно, увеличат штат, но — ненамного. А территорий у нас миллион гектаров. Три территории — кроме Прибайкальского, еще два парка. В разных концах области.

— В общем, вам не позавидуешь…

— Не позавидуешь. Это объединение трех нацпарков было произведено совершенно напрасно, разные территории, с разной строгостью режима, задачи разные. И один руководитель, у которого все время что-то горит, а на хвосте сидит природоохранная прокуратура со своими замечаниями.

С точки зрения бюрократа

Монолог заместителя мэра Ольхонского района — председателя комитета по управлению социальной сферой Раисы Белеевой

— Копылов исполнял свои обязанности как всенародно избранный мэр, и в благих намерениях Сергея Николаевича никаких сомнений нет, равно как и в том, что реализовывал он их в рамках тех полномочий, которые на тот момент у него были.

Таким образом подставлять должностных лиц нельзя.

С октября 2016 года мы не можем строить на территории всего района. Даже в тех населенных пунктах, которые находятся от Байкала на расстоянии 30–40 километров. Где есть бабушки, которые и Байкала-то никогда в жизни не видели. Вчера у меня на приеме была женщина, у которой муж инвалид. У нее истекает срок аренды земельного участка, 5 декабря.

Не смогла она построиться, а сейчас надо, дети растут. А разрешения на строительство нет. Она пришла, плачет: продлите срок аренды, а как мы можем продлить?

Мы сейчас приостановили все действия по выделению земельных участков, в том числе и по аренде. Например, произошел пожар. Хозяин хочет на своем участке построить новый дом. А муниципалитет ему разрешения не выдает и не может выдать. Как только он выдаст ему разрешение, вступит прокуратура.

У нас очень терпеливый народ, мы живем в более чем в двухстах километрах от областного центра, блага цивилизации дошли не всюду, есть поселения, где нет стационарного источника электроснабжения. А они живут, не ропщут, нет там митингов…

Местные жители, коренное население, всю жизнь занимались охотой, рыбалкой. Сейчас — нельзя. Выходить на Байкал — нельзя. Заниматься сельским хозяйством — нельзя. Государство должно идти на то, чтобы каким-то образом компенсировать тем жителям, продумать дополнительные меры социальных гарантий. А пока — только запреты.

И как они должны жить?

Такой простой пример. Есть дороги, их надо поддерживать. Соответствующие службы их бы отсыпали, без проблем. А отсыпать-то и нечем! В районе нет ни одного разрешенного карьера! Поэтому карьер, которым пользуются, на грани фола, завтра придут и спросят: почему? А мы детей по этим дорогам в школу возим…

А население такое терпеливое, методами шантажа никогда не пользовалось. Бывает иногда: мы не пойдем на выборы! Все равно 80%…

Но сейчас точка кипения на максимуме.

Some conclusions

Законодательство по Байкалу на редкость запутано, громоздко, противоречиво. Nothing can be. А значит — все можно. Но во всех документах используется формула «защита Байкала», хотя надо, по мнению Кузеванова: «защита и использование ».

Рыбзаводы на десять лет закрыли, людей поувольняли. Но через восемь лет омуль вернется, и — что?

Да и «защита», прямо скажем, так себе. В центральную защитную зону полностью включены территории трех районов: Слюдянка, Листвянка и Ольхон. В то же время из нее исключены пять городов. Все ли убеждены, что они загрязняют озеро меньше, чем занюханная деревенька в трехстах километрах от Иркутска? В Байкальске, например, моют железнодорожные вагоны, сливают в Байкал, вонь стоит, лошади из озера воду не пьют… Это ничего?

Как заклинание повторяют формулу «частно-государственное участие». С частниками все понятно, а что делает государство?

Конечно, пугают огромные расходы, отдачи от которых даже в обозримом будущем не будет. Разве что люди начнут жить по-человечески. В Еланцах я прогулялся по поселку, и за 20 минут ко мне подошли четверо стариков (очевидно пьяных — двое), просили (с разной степенью напористости) рублей двадцать на хлеб. Одному, самому красноречивому, я дал.

И, наконец, собственно о Копылове. Тридцатикилометровую дорогу, которая раньше занимала два часа, по новому асфальту я преодолел за 20 минут. Строили ее (с перерывами) много лет и конца-краю строительству видно не было. Заповедные Тажеранские степи и справа, и слева от дороги изрезаны незаживающими шрамами следов от машин, когда-то съехавших с трассы и рванувших в отчаянии по бездорожью.

Тогда было лучше?

Все считают, что Копылов сделал огромное дело. «Но надо было действовать по закону», — убеждена замдиректора Нацпарка, а не сдавать в аренду на одиннадцать месяцев участок бывшей овцефермы на тысячу голов под «асфальтово-цементный завод» (что на слух, конечно, ужасно, но это просто дорожный термин для временного городка строителей плюс «дробильно-сортировочное устройство»). Причем сама принадлежность этого участка Парку подвергается сомнению, документы противоречивы, за 33 года привести их в убедительное состояние никто так и не удосужился.

И на следствии, и на обоих судах Копылов не только виновным себя не признал, но подчеркивал, что самого обвинения «не понимает».

And he is not alone.

Причем никто даже не заикается о том, что что-то здесь могло «прилипнуть» к его рукам. Но в приговоре звучит: «Разрешая вопрос изменения категории преступления на менее тяжкую, суд учитывает характер совершения преступления, направленного против интересов службы в органах местного самоуправления и крупный многомиллионный ущерб наступивших последствий». И «характер совершения преступления» облегчить участь преступника не дает абсолютно.

Парк полагает, что Копылов должен ему 28 миллионов рублей; суд, спасибо ему, не принял решения о возмещении этих убытков, предложил обратиться с гражданским иском. Я спросил о нем у жены Копылова, она ответила, что иск все еще не предъявлен. Высказала предположение, что — готовят.

Я же, ввиду неисправимого прекраснодушия, полагаю, что им просто — стыдно.

…Так кому же это дело выгодно? Нацпарк в лице своего замдиректора полагает, что оно служит благим примером торжества закона.

Наводит ужас, другими словами.

Других, достойных обсуждения причин, я так и не увидел.

…«Одиночный пикет» памятника на Ольхоне постоял и его убрали.

PS

Практическая работа № 16

Рассчитать количество оставляемого на берегах Байкала пластика, железа, стекла, если 70 000 туристов ежегодно посещают Байкал, в среднем, на пять дней. За пять дней отдыха каждый турист оставляет на берегу Байкала 120 г железа (четыре железные банки), 25 г пластика и 400 г стекла (одна стеклянная бутылка). Сделать вывод: сколько отходов скопится на берегах Байкала за десять лет.

Кузеванова Е.Н., Мотовилова Н.В. «Байкаловедение. Программа спецкурса для учащихся 5–6-х классов общеобразовательных учреждений».