The verdict was issued in Moscow. Was Alber Camus the KGB was killed?

On January 4, 1960, Albert Kamu, the Nobel Prize for Literature, the author of the famous books "The Plague" and "Narodneal", died in a car accident. The car, which was driven by publisher Michel Gallimar, suddenly crashed into a tree. It seemed strange to many then that the disaster occurred on a long segment of a straight and wide road, on which there was no lively movement. However, the police considered the incident a regular accident through the fault of a faulty wheel. The Facel-Vega car was smashed to smithereens, Michel Gallimar died a few days later.

Michel Gallimara car at the site of the disaster, January 5, 1960

In 1980, the Czech writer and translator Yang Naib (1931–1984) wrote in his diary that the death of Camus was not an accident.

Camus died three months after the murder of Stepan Bandera by the KGB agent

According to him, a well -informed person with ties in the USSR informed him that this was an attempt prepared by the KGB agents. "They equipped the tire with a tool that pierced it when the car was driving at high speed." The operation, he said, was conceived back in 1957 by Dmitry Shepilov . The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union was furious with an article by Camus "Cadar and his day of fear", in which it was about Shepilov’s responsibility for bloodshed in Hungary. Camus wrote about the speech that Shepilov made to the UN, justifying the Soviet invasion of Hungary, and his criticism of "Western art":

Minister Shepilov, returning from Paris, dares to say that "Western art disfigures the human soul." It should be reminded that our writers and artists have not killed anyone and still generously do not blame the theory of socialist realism of mass killings that were under the guise or by order of Shepilov and the like. The truth is that in our ranks there is a place for everything, even for evil, including the Shepilov Pisak, but also for honor, for the tree of life, for the adventure of intelligence. And in Stalinist culture there is no place for anything other than sermons and teachings, gray everyday life and propaganda commandments.

Dmitry Shepilov (1905–1995)

Shepilov, who belonged to the conservatives in the Soviet leadership, soon fell into disgrace and was proved by Khrushchev to the number of participants in the anti -party group, the expression remained in history "and the Shepilov joined them." In the summer of 1957, he lost all posts. However, according to this version, his decision to remove Camus was still considered appropriate.

“It seems that the intelligence took three years to fulfill the order,” writes in the diary. “They managed in the end, and until today everyone thought that Camus had died due to a regular automobile accident. My interlocutor refused to reveal his source, but claimed that it was absolutely reliable.”

The USSR was extremely annoyed by the international campaign, which was conducted by Camus, outraged by the Soviet invasion of Hungary

It was taken by a dissident, and his diaries "My Life" came out in the Czech Republic - with the preface of Vaclav Havel - only after the velvet revolution. The Italian writer Giovanni Katelly was the first to attention to the death record of death. In 2011, he began the investigation, in 2013 he published the book “Camus must die”, and in the fall of 2019 in France, by the 60th anniversary of the writer’s death, an expanded publication appeared “death of Camus”.

Yang Nicked (1931–1984)

KGB tried to give out a murder for an accident

The Stalinist program of point murders abroad, the most famous victim of which was Lev Trotsky, continued under Khrushchev. On October 12, 1957, the KGB agent in Munich was killed by lawyer and publicist Lev Rabot, on October 15, 1959 - Stepan Bandera. It is known that Khrushchev followed the progress of these special operations. In both cases, the KGB tried to issue a murder for an accident: the cause of Rebet’s death was first called a heart attack, and the details became known only after the killer, the KGB agent Bogdan Stashinsky, awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his crimes, fled to the west in 1961.

Thus, according to the versions set forth in Katelli’s book, three months after the murder of Stepan Bandera, Alber Camus became the victim of the equally designed operation of the KGB.

Italian edition of the book "Camus must die"

The book "Death of Camus" appeared at the very time when European intelligence agencies and journalists-investigators find new evidence that the Russian special services continue the program to eliminate the people who are objectionable to the regime, using various methods-Alexander Litvinenko, Sergey Skripal and Emelyan Goebrev, Zelimkhan Khangoshvili was shot dead, and, as they say, the investigation states in the investigation Buzzfeed, Millionaire Cattle Young and several of his acquaintances were killed in various ways so that the British police had an opinion that they had committed suicide. There is reason to suspect that the former Minister of Press Lesin, as well as businessmen, Boris Berezovsky and Alexander Perepelichny, were also killed.

The motives for attempts on the life of Rebet and Bandera are obvious, but why Camus? Of course, the Laureate of the Nobel Prize annoyed the Soviet authorities not only by criticizing Shepilov, who had been unclenched by that time.

Yana's diaries came out in Prague with the preface of Vaclav Gavel

The French Communist Party in the late 1950s was going through difficult times. Before Hungarian events, she enjoyed the support of many intellectuals, in the forefront of her defenders was Jean-Paul Sartre. The ideological dispute laid the end of Sartre's friendship with Camus. In the essay "Rouncing Man" (1951), Camus condemned the revolutionary violence, which serves to turn the story in the right direction and establish "justice, which seeks to suppress any contradictions and kills freedom." News from the USSR were horrified by Camus, he perfectly understood that it was a country of lawlessness. Sartre, who approved violence in the name of "justice", believed that a ruthless revolution was needed to build a communist society, since the existing order should be erased from the face of the earth. Sartre’s insight, like many left -wing intellectuals, occurred in 1956, after Khrushchev’s report at the XX Congress and ruthless suppression of the uprising in Hungary. Nevertheless, the Communist Party of France remained strong, the Soviet Union still had many friends, and the KGB agents felt amiatingly in France.

Camus was worried about the growth of pro -Soviet sentiments in Europe and the willingness of the French left to turn a blind eye to crimes in Hungary and other enslaved countries, the reluctance to see the expansion of violence in the Arab Renaissance sponsored by the USSR.

Jacques Verges in the trial in the case of the Lebanese terrorist (1986)

The prepared liquidation plan prepared in advance was put into operation before Khrushchev’s visit to France

In the book "Death of Camus" Giovanni Katelly gives evidence of Jacques Verzhe (1925–2013), the famous "Devil's Lawyer", who defended Algerian terrorists, Carlos-Shakal, Nazi criminal Claus Barbier and Slobodan Milosevich. If he believed his friend, the Italian lawyer Juliano spruce, Verges knew that Camus was liquidated by the Soviet intelligence services. Moreover, he believed that French intelligence was aware that the KGB plans to kill Camus, but did not intervene so as not to harm the establishment of Soviet-French relations.

In May 1960, a few months after the death of Camus, Nikita Khrushchev arrived on a visit to Paris. In his memoirs, he tells what pressure the USSR rendered to France, intimidating it with the strengthening of the German economy and threatening to terminate the friendship agreement if France continues the policy of NATO with the most aggressive forces.

Nikita Khrushchev and Charles de Gaulle in Paris, May 1960

"When you study the evidence that Katelli proposed, it is difficult to disagree with him. Thus, the" automobile disaster "should now be registered as a" political murder. "The famous American writer Paul Oster comes to this conclusion, highly appreciating the book" Death of Camus. "

Camus made influential enemies, and many could be interested in eliminating it

Giovanni Katelli is a poet, prose writer and publicist, specialist in Eastern Europe, EAST Journal employee. His books “Geography and Three Odessa Stories” (2003) and “Cities” (2011) were translated into Russian. His investigation of the circumstances of the death of Camus in Russia is noticed only now, when the British Gardian wrote about the book. Russian experts did not undertake additional research, except in Izvestia 8 years ago a note was published, which gives the opinion of the biographer Camus Michel ONFRA, who considered the version of the tuned catastrophe, because the writer was going to go to Paris by train and only at the last moment decided to go by car of Michel Gallimara. "The KGB had at its disposal various means that would allow Kamya to destroy. The Soviets, perhaps, would like to deal with Camus, but not so."

"Gardian" cites the opinion of the literary critic Alison Finch, who considers Verzhe's assumption that the French intelligence agencies knew about the impending attempt and consciously did not do anything. "This means that the murder was approved at the highest level, presumably de Gaulle. It seems implausible to me. De Gaulle himself was a writer, very respected by French intellectuals, including those with whom he did not agree."

Giovanni Katelly, author of the book "Death Camus"

Despite this criticism, Giovanni Katelli is sure that he made the right conclusion. This is what he told Radio Liberty.

-The KGB organized many murders abroad, and the Russian special services continue to kill people, but it is still difficult to believe that Khrushchev approved in 1960 an attempt on the life of the famous French writer. Why did he need this?

At the funeral, Camus openly said that the accident was tuned

- Camus, after his discussion with Sartre around the USSR and Gulag, was the object of aggressive criticism from the French Communist Party during these years. In addition, the USSR was extremely annoyed by the fierce international campaign, which was conducted by Camus, outraged by the Soviet invasion of Hungary. He directly condemned the Foreign Minister Shepilov, who, as Yang Bathered, and gave the order to destroy him. If you believe the statements of Verges, the liquidation plan prepared in advance was put into action before Khrushchev’s visit to France so that there are no interference for the newborn Soviet-French friendship.

- What were the political views of Camus?

French edition of the book, 2019

- Camus was essentially an anarchist, and his thoughts on political topics were mainly published in anarchist magazines. He was disappointed with the situation in the Soviet Union and sharply criticized the Gulag system, while Sartre defended the USSR. The bright journalistic and political activity of Camus went on several fronts: he wrote about the Soviet invasion of Hungary, about the situation in the French Algeria, about the fascist dictatorship of Franco in Spain. He made influential enemies, and many could be interested in eliminating it.

- How was the attempt technically organized?

- According to Yana, who had a source close to the Soviet special services, a special tool was damaged by a car tire, in which Camus rode with Gallimar to burst at high speed. The car was powerful, and Gallimar liked to drive quickly.

- In 1960, the police doubted that it was an accident?

- The police, apparently, did not conduct investigations and immediately stopped on the version of the accident; It was believed that the tire burst without extraneous exposure. However, one of the young friends Camus, who is now alive, informed me that he immediately suspected the attempt, and many at the Camus funeral, including the publisher of Cahiers du Sud, Jean Ballar, openly said that the accident was tuned. But at that time, due to the dominance of Sartre and the Communist Party on the cultural stage, these voices were not heard.

- Are there any documents confirming your version, or do you have only indirect evidence?

I was always convinced that Camus was killed

- The version set forth in the book is based on evidence; Police officers confirm that the accident occurred due to the tire, and it claimed to be taken. Verzhea’s testimony is very important, he was completely integrated into communist circles and was not interested in slander for the Soviet Union.

- You managed to establish who could be taken by an informant?

- I discussed this issue with the widow, and we chose three people - they all went to Moscow and had serious connections.

- How did your investigation begin and does it continue?

- I was always convinced that Camus, a very expensive writer for me, was killed, but I was not sure who was the culprit, since Camus, speaking on political topics, made many enemies. I thought about a French or Algerian motive. The Algerian Front of National Liberation threatened him with death. When I read the notes, I started the investigation, gradually came to the conclusion that the evidence was very reasonably, and decided to write a book. Then, during the presentation of the book in Milan, the famous Italian lawyer, who was friends with Verzhe, provided me with his certificate, I continued the investigation, and new chapters appeared in the Argentine and French publications.