Send the multipher

What do you say if you are asked to convey ... a multifor ? In such a everyday voice, as if we are talking about a flash drive, a sheet of paper, a pen. If you are not a Siberian or Siberian, most likely you will not say anything. You will fall into a stupor and will never guess that the mysterious multifor is really the most everyday element of office life. Flexible transparent thin ... daddy with holes on the side? Pocket for paper? File ? Perhaps it is the file to call this thing for you most familiar. But here is a girl from Siberia, who arrived, for example, to Nizhny Novgorod, will fall into a stupor already from the file . After all, the file is on the computer, and put the paper leaflets ... of course, in the multifor !

Yes. The phenomenon, which we think of as a single one-the national Russian language-is actually a combination of Russian languages ​​that are far from coinciding in everything.

In some places, a transparent pocket-tank turned into a file , while in others it became multiforrhages (that is, it is assumed, “multi-year”, from the Latin Multiforus), and you can’t say to either “fu, illiterate, dialect, derenia”-both words of “different Russian languages” are used in the media, including serious professional journals.

A relatively new section of linguistics - the study of regional vocabulary is not within the framework of the opposition “Literary language - everything else (dialects, vernacular, jargon ...)” - a little turns our pyramidal, hierarchical ideas about the language. Even somewhere it makes you briefly think about "linguistic privileges."

The bench at the Leningrad station was occupied by a woman and her bag. “ I will take it now ,” the woman said. I didn't understand. " Well, I’ll take it off ."

Yes, of course, now it is dialectic. But it was also in the Moscow language of the 17th century: “ ... they took the old cloth and sheathed with a new cloth ” (quoted by I.E. Zabelin “Home Home House of Russian Tsars in the 16th and 17th centuries”). And what, in fact, is the Russian prefix s- better prefixes from-?

“We poked into the cut, stopped, I resolutely went out with the keys in my hands, looked around ...”

In the story “The glorious end of inglorious generations” (1994), Anatoly Nyman calls Robrik what is called a curb in Moscow, and who will exclude the author from native speakers of the Russian literary language?

What do we know about regional vocabulary? Basically, all the same curbs , the joke that in the Bologus of Shawarma turns into Shawrema , is finally again St. Petersburg ceremonial , vessels , chickens and dumplings , that is, entrances , icicles , chicken and donuts .

Meanwhile, the theme of “ dumplings or donut ” is by no means clear. Despite the regionality, Peter is a cultural capital and no less nest of lexicographers, that is, compilers of dictionaries than Moscow. Therefore, by the way, the “large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language” fell into the same St. Petersburg dumplings without the “regional” and, moreover, cult, truly St. Petersburg phenomenon , also without any mark about regionality. But where will you find the puffy outside the city on the Neva?

So, if the dumplings are no worse than the donut , the multifor is no better and no worse than the file .

And how do you like a simple Russian word to sin ? Yes, Russian. Let Pskov. Why is it worse than a curb ? And after all, a curb ? Thus, our contemporaries of the townspeople of the Pskovites, quite possibly with a higher education: “ You have sung it wrong! ", That is," incorrectly raised. " The discourse familiar to pain ... True, I can’t imagine that someone will pronounce the language to call “incorrectly praised” schoolchildren in all of Russia, who, which consisted of two hundred (!) In the fall of 2019, were examined by their peers, parents, teachers, people from the generation of grandparents in the framework of the project “Regional Features of Russian Speech”.

All this organized and led the school teams by employees of the Center for Modern Educational Technologies Sergey Bulanov and Igor Karpovich. Well, the sociolinguists were also interested in the perception of regional vocabulary and the identification of its carriers, including as part of a study of political correctness in the Russian language and Russian culture, supported by the Russian Scientific Fund.

During November, children collected about three thousand regional words! Do you often have to face a new word? And then three thousand! Including the same one , and the brown (in Saratic-non-firming, introvert), and again the Pskov Voroshka (inaccurate). The pitchfork is also Pskov, a person who is transferred from one business to another: “ What kind of pitchfork you are, finish this project to the end! "

Getting acquainted with these words, I seemed to see jewelry scattered under my feet, which no one notices. What can we say about the Samara popular, including among young people, the word Kurmyshi - the wilderness, the outcome of the once brisk, but then a depopulated city?

These words are included in various regional versions of the Russian language: Pskov, Karelian, Saratov, Samara/Togliatti, Far Eastern/Nakhodkinsky, Altai, Vyatsky, etc.

Thanks to the project, you can learn a lot about the modern living vocabulary of regional variants of the Russian language. And to understand that that language, more precisely, is the version of the Russian language that you personally use (yes, in any case, this is an option!), Only part of the huge sea-a real Russian language. Someone has matches , someone has cheese . Someone has a curtain , Tambov residents have a baguette .

The still outstanding Russian linguist of the 19th century Izmail Sreznevsky urged " to study the Russian language in geographical projection ." Now different adult groups are engaged in this, including just lovers of the language. And now the schoolchildren.

There are local neologisms in the recorded vocabulary, for example: lemon- “delay, do something slowly” (Petrozavodsk), malebuyka- “chewing gum” (Saratov region), Philka- “five hundred rubles, from purple” (Togliatti). In the Sverdlovsk region, for some reason, an ordinary box for eggs is called a roar . There are rethought words, for example: Filmo -Persign - “Beautiful” (Saratov region). As it turned out, a dialect heritage was very richly represented in modern urban speech: to percentage - “try” (Samara region), the homonk - “wallet” (Kirovskaya, Samara region, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk), Vidideelo - Belka (Pskov).

There are toponyms - new informal formations, calling urban areas, squares, etc. Pskov schoolchildren can live on Yanushka (Yana Fabritsius Street), buy shawarma on cults (there used to be a “cultural store”, it closed, but the name was preserved), go to a disco in a tablet (a round building looks like a tablet). There are even chic figurative expressions, idioms: “ Road - at least with a god you go! " -" Good, flat road. "

The words are preserved - archaisms or completely forgotten in modern Russian: Batog - “stick”, b ý di - “maybe”, malleable - “sweet”, lips , lips - “mushrooms, mushroom soup”. You certainly know the word ancestor - “ancestor”. But, most likely, for you it is archaic, exalted, ancient, never modern people will say that. But in the Saratov region they will say, because here it is a common conversational word. “ My progshchur was the chairman of the collective farm ,” says a 39-year-old social worker; The Saratov Sakira is a slightly modified Slavic ax, from Sich, that is, simply an ax: " You can’t do without Sakira ." Zimogor is not such an ancient word, but the old one, in modern Russian it seems to be not ... Stop, in the Perm Territory there is: “ Today I dressed like Zimogor ,” says a 16-year-old schoolboy, that is, he dressed very warmly.

It would seem that just words and short household remarks, but as a result you hear people from different regions of our country, you are imbued with their lives.

The most active participants in the project were teams from Togliatti, Balashov, Kirov, Petrozavodsk and Pskov, and, according to the number of research teams, the Saratov and Kirov regions, Altai and Primorsky Territories, Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Vladimir Regions, Perm region, Krasnodar region, Novosibirsk region, Samara and Sverdlovsk regions entered the leaders.

The result of the work of the teams is a conference in Altai with the participation of teams - leaders and experts of the project. Children presented the results of their research work, took part in open lectures of experts, visited the writer Museum V. M. Shukshin in the village of Trastki.

The works of students demonstrate modern tendencies of word formation, in particular the formation of toponyms. They can be useful in etymological research and, of course, in the work of linguists studying the regional variability of the Russian language.

No less important result: the children announced that now they are continuously listening, as they say around, and write interesting words. A lot of young Dali appeared in Russia.

By the way, here is the link: Bit.ly/2tudbro .

You can see who the inter -family and shemel are, what it means to eat and drill , what kind of bird the poultry is and where the yaranka grows (hint: on the window).

Irina Fufaeva,
scientific. sore. Institute of Linguistics of the RSUSU

Photo by the organizer of the project I. Karpovich