Translated material
The history of church jokes
The fate of a man who, on February 9, 2014, opened fire on the parishioners of the Voskresensky Church in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, could be an example of a typical story of a single terrorist: unlucky childhood, loneliness, failure in work and personal life, progressive insanity and, finally, a firing on random victims. However, according to examinations, Stepan Komarov was sane, he grew up in a full family, served as a marine, loved dogs and, in general, in the temple was by no means accidental. His story was accommodated by nationalism, military Orthodox youth movements and obvious relations with an influential Sakhalin priest. But most of what we know about the causes of what happened are only rumors from anonymous blogs and sources close to the Russian Orthodox Church. Samizdat studied the existing versions and tried to find out why Stepan Komarov decided to defuse his shotgun into the iconostasis.
Nun, guard and beggar
About two in the afternoon, almost immediately after the Liturgy end, a man armed with a shotgun entered the Voskresensky Cathedral of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. He ordered the parishioners to get out of the temple, and those who did not manage to leave the cathedral immediately began to shoot at the feet.
“I did not immediately understand what would happen, and my husband understood from the eyes that they would shoot now,” the witness of shooting later told the press, whose husband and son were injured by her legs. - And I thought: well, a man came in uniform, with a weapon - the guard, probably, looks like a collector. He did not burst, did not shout a wild voice - he calmly went. When he shot at them, I stayed behind him. Then the husband pulled out his son and shouts to me: “Run away!” After the first shot, it became scary. And that the dead appeared, we only later learned. ”
There were two dead. 34-year-old Vladimir Zaporozhets, who asked for alms near the temple on that day, ran into the sound of shots. He probably tried to stop the shooter and died from several shots with shot into his chest and face - he had to identify him by fingerprints from the database of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
By that time, another person remained in the temple-the 61-year-old nun Olga Pryshnikova, who worked that day in a candle shop. Hearing the shots, the woman managed to hide behind the counter, call the duty officer of the spiritual and educational center on the phone and first report the shooting. Judging by the record from the video surveillance camera, the shooter purposefully approached the counter, easily licked through it, crushed the nun with his foot and shot at point blank. The story of the terrorist Unabober Evgeny Shcherbina , Yegor Mostovshchikov , Galya Polyakova contacted the friend of the terrorist Unabober and learned how Hitler, Harvard, Timothy lyrics and progress are associated with 16 bombs, 3 dead and 23 woundedVideo with fragments of recording from cameras
Eagle and Rus'
The arrow was detained by the PPS officer Vladimir Rodlikov, who received a radio signal about shooting in the temple: entering inside, he saw a man who was sitting naked to the waist on the floor in the center of the temple and smoked. The swastika and the inscription "Russia" were tattered on his chest, and on his back - an eagle from the emblem of the Third Reich. Nearby was a weapon and a pond for cartridges - all ten pieces available at the shooter were spent.
Komarov’s crime is similar to some others taking place in the zero. In 2008-2009, in a number of regions of Russia, unknown people set fire to the temples and applied graffiti of pagan content to them. Twice they put homemade bombs in temples: on November 30, 2008, to the Church of Nikolai Wonderworker in Moscow and December 6, 2009 to the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Vladimir. In 2008, a man was killed near the same temple of Nikolai Wonderworker. This was accused of a group who called themselves “Slavic separatists,” they committed a murder, allegedly taking the man for a priest because of a sales beard. How Satanists live after the closure of their church in Russia Anna Popova , Anastasia Zaikina , dismissal, stereotypes and magic: how Russian Satanists live after the Ministry of Justice first registered, and then forbade the Satanian Church of the Russian Federation
The neopagan views of the Sakhalin shooter were subsequently repeatedly mentioned in the media , although there were no other evidence, except for the stories of acquaintances and quotes from his page on VKontakte.
“It would be very interesting for me to look at this person and find out the motive of such an act,” said another witness who suffered in the temple, who came to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from Khabarovsk to ski, “I don’t want to judge him or blame him. I think he is already bad. People do such actions not from happiness in life. He is already an unhappy person. "
In court about the circumstances of the detention, the PPS officer Vladimir Rodlikov remarked: “He sat silently, did not show resistance. We put on him handcuffs, brought it out of the temple and put in the car. Already when he was in the Department of Internal Affairs, he said that if he had more cartridges, he would have shot back. ”Short road to the temple
The arrow was not in vain for the guard: he was indeed an employee of the Chop "Centuria". His name was Stepan Komarov, and at that time he was 24 years old. He was born and raised in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, a full family, two sisters, a prosperous childhood, was fond of sports, we were not previously convicted. Having finished nine classes of a comprehensive school, he entered the vocational school, from where he was expelled. Then, in 2007-2008, he studied at the Theater College of Sakhalin State University. The artistic director of the Puppet Theater Antonina Dobrolyubov, who knew Stepan at that time, spoke of him as a good and cheerful guy. “The whole college was a witness to the touching story of his love with a classmate Dasha. But then Stepan threw the college, they also parted with Dasha, ”she recalled .
After failure with the acting career, Komarov was drafted into the army, where he served a year in the Marine Corps. Upon returning to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, he got a job as a security guard at the Century Agency, where he was instructed to guard the store first, then he was sent to the position of collector to the bank. The Komarov agency was in good account, the results of planned psychological examinations did not reveal deviations.
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“Having loaded the weapon, Komarov went upstairs and had to go to the object as part of a group of collectors. However, the group did not leave in time. Immediately began the search for the missing guard. Without finding Komarov on the territory of the bank, they began to watch notes from video cameras ... They saw that Komarov was in the smoking room, and from there left the territory, ”Losev said . From the office of the bank to the temple there were only about 150 meters.
"The reason is in me"
The man who entered the temple was dressed in black, and on his chest, according to eyewitnesses, two crosses hung (however, later the archbishop of the South Sakhalin Tikhon said that there were no crosses). The man was drunk, he had a gun in his hands.
He went to the altar and began to insult the audience, one woman forced him to kneel and pray, then he growled: “Get out of here!”
The puzzled people were in no hurry to disperse, the man shouted again, and only then they ran, and he began to shoot at the icons and ran away at the feet - six people were injured .
“Get up when you turn to the court,” the judge made a remark.
- I will not get up.
...
- Where do you work? - the judge asked the mother of the deceased Vladimir Zaporozhets.
“In fire,” the defendant was responsible for her.
...
“You must follow the order in the courtroom,” the judge recalled once again. - Is it clear to you?
In response, silence.
So journalists described the behavior of the shooter during subsequent court hearings. He was swearing, then laughed, then cried, then threatened the witnesses, then "tried to preserve an independent and detached look, staring intently in front of himself or lowering his eyes." At the second meeting, he demanded to remove the journalists from the premises, as he did not invite them, but at the request of the lawyer hired by his parents to remain silent: "Shut up, you are the enemy."
Due to inadequate behavior in court, Komarov twice did a psychiatric examination twice, but she showed his seniority both at the time of the crime and after, although she revealed impulsivity, the susceptibility of “bouts of malice and aggression”, the complexity of social adaptation, hysteria and some deviation of behavior. Despite the fact that one of the witnesses described Komarov as a “calm, normal, adequate guy”, the judge, on the basis of psychological characteristics and other testimonies, described the shooter as a person with a complex of a loser, “who demanded increased attention, he had a mechanism of hypercompensation - the desire to get rid of his own inferiority and prove his superiority. To do this, he took a weapon and went to shoot at the icons, trying to get into the images of faces, since they were unpleasant for him. ”
The motive of the arrow remained foggy. In court, he repeated more than once that he did not want to kill people, but only wanted to disperse this “Jewish church”, to express his protest against Orthodoxy. Only those who disobey his demands to leave were victims.
“The homeless tried to interfere with me, I shot at him several times. Once in the head. Going to the exit, I saw a shop, behind it - a man. Who exactly was there, I did not consider. Shot in the head. Then he only found out that it was a woman, ”Komarov said in court. After that, he, in his own words, began to randomly shoot icons. And when the cartridges ended - wait for him to come and arrest him.
“I did this in spite of the Christian church, everything does not suit me in it. I am National Socialist " When asked by the investigator why this was needed, Komarov replied : “The reason is in me. I did this in spite of the Christian church, everything in it does not suit me. I am National Socialist. These are my hard beliefs. I came to disperse this church, came to fight it. The two I killed, they had time to leave, but they stayed. I hate Orthodoxy and Catholicism equally. There they are hard to impose faith, intervene in fate. Believers are traitors. They betrayed their homeland! "
Komarov was charged with a motive for religious hatred. He later abandoned all his words and stopped cooperation with the investigation, but there was another proof in the case: his laptop along with the search queries remaining in the browser. Having analyzed them, the expert of the forensic department of the investigation department of the investigation of Russia in the Khabarovsk Territory came to the conclusion that Komarov “carried out viewing and copying of video files of nationalist content” about once a month, while interspersing them with viewing religious videos. In addition, on his page on the social network and in conversations with Komarov's acquaintances, “expressed dissatisfaction with life and what is happening” and said that the Orthodox Church “hardly imposes its religion”, “is enriched at the expense of parishioners”.
As a result, Stepan Komarov was found guilty for eight articles, including murder on the basis of religious enmity. He did not repent, refused to take the last word and received 24 years in colony of maximum security colonies, which the Supreme Court subsequently replaced his lifelong conclusion.
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The Archbishop of the South Sakhalin and Kurilsky Tikhon called the joke "with an indicative act of neopaganism" and the attempt "Satanic forces in order to intimidate us." But most often, the head of the missionary and youth departments of the South Sakhalin and Kuril diocese, Archpriest Viktor Gorbach, appeared in the media reports, which declared the neopathic men and the arrow was one of them in recent years. According to the priest, he “did not take place in life, got confused and did not find anything better than to assert himself at the expense of the murder,” and the ideology of neoism pushed him to this.
At the same time, paradoxically, in the past, Gorbach with the convict could have a lot in common.
Sectants from special services
At the time of shooting in the temple, Viktor Gorbach held many church and secular posts on Sakhalin, loved to give interviews, actively worked with youth and was considered a professional fighter with “sectarians”, in which he recorded everyone who does not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, for example, non -Pedagers, Jehovists and Mormons. He considered them “future personnel employees of the Western intelligence services”, who take place in Russia “primary internships” for “recruitment of adherents in order to introduce them to some pseudo -spiritual practices and exercises.” The main intention of the sectarians, according to Gorbach, is to seize Sakhalin’s wealth and separate him from Russia.
“Around 1990, the Orthodox Church returned to Sakhalin in the form of a small modest parish. Also at that time, many foreign missionaries of various faiths came, ”the second pastor of the Church of the Evangelical Christian Baptist (ECB)“ Renaissance ”of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Anatoly Lyashki told the correspondent of the Samizdat,“ the Orthodox entered into close cooperation with the authorities, which began to help them very much: they provided the premises, built solid temples, and provided for solid temples, provided with solid temples, and provided for solid temples, and provided for solid temples, provided with solid temples, and provided for solid temples, provided Telefires. At this time, open hostility began with the alosn - “sectarians”. Ahead of everyone was Victor Gorbach as a diocese responsible for the missionary work. He tried to humiliate the non -Orthodox in every way and accuse them of all sorts of nonsense. For example, that sectarians want to control the production of oil and gas on Sakhalin. ”
For a long time, relations between priests of different churches were even, but everything changed in 2011, when the City Hall of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk invited the city community to the local recreation center to “discuss various issues of urban planning”. At the meeting, it turned out that the city was going to build a huge Orthodox church on the site of the Victory memorial . The Baptists spoke out against the construction exactly there, since, according to Lyashka, “the impression would have developed that the Orthodox Church won the Great Patriotic War, but everyone fought: the communists, non -partisans, Muslims, and Protestants.”
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After that, representatives of other faiths began to declare that it was wrong to build on the site of the memorial. Then the vice-mayor quickly turned the meeting, and Victor Gorbach brought down a public “flurry of criticism and false accusations” on the pastor, which is why he turned to the prosecutor’s office with a lawsuit to protect honor and dignity. The case of slander against Gorbach was eventually closed, but this gave him an additional reason to blame the “sectarians” of that they wanted to put him in prison.
The conflict around the church construction project lasted almost a year, but as a result, Victory Park defended, and the grandiose Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ was built , but in another place.
In addition to conflicts with “sectarians” from other Christian churches, Viktor Gorbach is also known as an implacable fighter with neo -minical people, although it is known about their spread and the existence on Sakhalin mainly from him:
“I am convinced that neopaganism is a project brought to us from the outside. It was formed far beyond the borders of the country and, with the help of various literature, was introduced on the environment of Russian youth in order to split our community, ”said the priest.
From the words of the priest we can conclude that neopagan sects literally flooded SakhalinFrom his words we can conclude that neopagan sects literally flooded Sakhalin. Their main task was believed by the priest - to instill in people hatred of Orthodoxy, as well as to take “certain actions aimed at changing the mentality of the inhabitants of the island, and then separate it from Russia.”
A source familiar with the situation around Stepan Komarov and asked to call him simply a “religious scholar”, expressed a different opinion:
“Religious life in our country is quite peculiar, but almost completely zeidologized by young and aggressive Orthodox priests - to objectivity and not to get away. For example, everything related to the “temple shooter” is almost entirely a mediashit, the sovereign Archpriest Viktor Gorbach, and a spiritual mentor “Strelka” ”.
You are all shit
In the last preserved copy of the page of Stepan Komarov in VKontakte, you can see the status: “You are all shit !!! Shit should speak louder !! From the film 9 of the company ....)))! You laugh ... And this is about you ... Nobody canceled the brainwashing”, the video “Marines” and “ Marine infantry of the fleet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! " - and complete indignation post about dogs:
“He just demolished the roof,” says the acquaintance of Stepan Komarova, who wished not to reveal his name. - On the basis of alcohol. Well, and discontent with women. Either something did not work out with one, then on the other. There seemed a lot of ambitions, but there was nowhere to put the strength. Here we liked the weapon, dogs. If you turn on the head, it was possible to move in any of these directions. Go to the police work, what not? А он себе башку всякой ересью начал забивать. Со всем несогласный типа».
По словам знакомых, Комаров любил публиковать на своей странице фразы вроде «Самоутверждайся на улице, а не в интернете», «Сначала ты теряешь инициативу и мотивацию, а потом наросший на тебе мох начинает казаться тёплым, домашним и уютным», «Высшее наслаждение — сделать то, что, по мнению других, вы сделать не можете», «Только об одном можно в жизни жалеть — о том, что ты когда-то так и не рискнул». Но, помимо пацанских цитат о его несогласии с положением вещей говорил и последний пост, опубликованный в декабре 2013 года — меньше чем за два месяца до стрельбы в храме. Далее мы приводим текст полностью, а под ним — краткий пересказ основных тезисов.
Что мы узнали о мотивах Комарова из его манифеста:
1.жизнь людей состоит из бессмысленной суеты и подчинения навязанным правилам. Матери, школьники, пенсионерки, полицейские, дворники — все рабы;
2.Степан Комаров — тоже раб, но только своих потребностей, а не лживой системы; у него нет больших денег, крутой машины и телевизора, но он всё равно мужчина, не хочет подчиняться навязанным правилам и имеет своё мнение;
3.людям внушили, что они свободны, а на самом деле они — говно;
4.микробы лучше людей, по крайней мере они себя не обманывают.
Кроме того, интересна ненависть писавшего к определённым числам, выделение во всех словах, связанных с работой, корня «РАБ», в слове «история» — «ТОР», а также упоминание «Мидгард Земли» и «астральных паразитов». В этой смеси неоязыческих, эзотерических, и псевдоисторических воззрений легко узнаётся отсылка к творчеству Николая Левашова, гуру эзотерики, экстрасенсорики и мистики эпохи девяностых.
Тот заявлял, что умеет исцелять неизлечимые болезни через телевизор, что спас Землю от столкновения с нейтронной звездой Немезидой; что растения имеют разум, а дельфины борются с акулами при помощи пси-поля; что за евреями стоит космическая паразитическая система, а в роддомах детей намеренно заражают инфекциями.
Созданная Левашовым в 2007 году организация «Возрождение. Золотой век» декларирует своими задачами «скорейшее пробуждение человечества от многовековой „спячки“ во время неблагоприятного тысячелетнего воздействия последней Ночи Сварога; создание мировоззрения и идеологии, которые отражали бы чаяния русского и других коренных народов Руси; способствование возрождению ведической цивилизации на нашей планете — Мидгард-Земле и возвращению землян к естественному эволюционному развитию через просветление Знанием».
К христианству Левашов относился отрицательно. Он считал его религией смерти и навязанным культом Озириса, а также одним из наиболее ярких примеров «успешного применения социальными паразитами социального оружия». В Библии, по его мнению, описаны «технологии захвата власти иудеями в любой стране с помощью убийств „сильных людей“ народа».
Некоторые свои правые, антирелигиозные и неоязыческие убеждения Комаров мог почерпнуть из книг Левашова, однако, помимо «астральных паразитов» и «Мидгарда», которые упоминаются в этих книгах, практически не осталось других свидетельств принадлежности стрелка к культу экстрасенса-псевдоисторика. Тем не менее именно последователем секты «Возрождение. Золотой Век» представители РПЦ объявили Комарова, а главным глашатаем этой версии остаётся протоиерей Виктор Горбач.От сердца к богу
«Главное, что здесь нужно знать, — личность В. Горбача, — рассказал корреспонденту „Батеньки“ РелигиоведЪ. — Он неонацист со стажем, в прошлом — член „РНЕ“ и общества „Память“. Потом (подчёркнуто не выходя ни из одной из этих организаций) стал священником при епископе Данииле, протоиереем, занимается молодёжью и миссионерством. К прежним ухваткам нациста прибавилось множество рычагов в ФСБ и прокуратуре. С их помощью расправляется со всеми неугодными. Создал фашизоидную организацию „Братство Александра Невского“, куда вербует разнообразную нацистскую безотцовщину. К такому разряду и принадлежал „стрелок“, с которым Горбач много общался лично и на сходках „Братства“. Это толпа разномастных молодчиков, объединённых несколькими параметрами: неполная семья, проблемы с социализацией и личной жизнью, сектантское прошлое, агрессивность как норма самовыражения, вождистское преклонение перед Горбачом».
Услышать мнение Горбача по поводу всех этих фактов не получилось, так как он сначала согласился ответить на вопросы корреспондента «Батеньки», но затем перестал выходить на связь. Некоторым фактам удалось найти подтверждение, в частности тому, что Горбач был знаком с Комаровым и общался с ним в соцсетях как минимум за год до стрельбы в храме, о чём сам же сообщал.
«Убийца был убеждён, что все беды у нас от христиан, это факт, он этого не скрывал… он уже тогда делал подобные высказывания — мол, мы с вами поквитаемся… Я пытался успокоить и переубедить его, предлагал встретиться, но он отказался», — рассказывал священник порталу «Православный взгляд».
Найти свидетельства членства Горбача в обществе «Память» не удалось, что касается ультраправой националистической организации РНЕ («Русское национальное единство»), то в Сети сохранился видеосюжет, снятый в 1997 году ГТРК «Сахалин», в котором некий молодой человек по имени Виктор Горбач в характерной форме с характерной эмблемой в виде «коловорота» говорит: «От сердца к богу. Glory to Russia! " — и показывает характерный жест. В это время на заднем плане люди в балаклавах проводят боевую тренировку юношей и девушек.
Кроме того, в 2009 году Виктор Горбач действительно учредил общественную организацию «Братство Александра Невского», занимающуюся духовно-патриотическим воспитанием молодёжи: устраивает мероприятия по воцерковлению, проводит занятия по Закону Божию и истории России, регулярно устраивает акции против абортов, подписывает созданные движением «Сорок сороков» петиции против оскорбления чувств верующих и собирает подарки детдомовцам. При «Братстве» действуют спортивный клуб и секция рукопашного боя, где учат стилю «Сирин-Русбой». Показательные выступления под православный рок устраивают на городских праздниках.
Официальный слоган организации — «Не в силе, а в правде!» — он стоит в статусе группы во «ВКонтакте», а в описании говорится «ПРИШЛО ВРЕМЯ БЫТЬ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫМ (а не называться им)».
По мнению Анатолия Ляшка, участники «Братства» — это своего рода молодёжный актив РПЦ на Сахалине. «„Братство Александра Невского“ было всегда рядом с Виктором и помогало ему выполнять антисектанскую работу: расклеивать свои афиши по городу — срывать наши, проводить пикеты и другое», — рассказывал он. Молодые участники организации активно привлекаются для миссионерства. «Сначала многих шокировало появление на улицах парней и девушек, которые разъясняли прохожим суть православных праздников и традиций и раздавали листовки. Но постепенно акции „Братства“ стали неотъемлемой частью жизни города», — писали о них.
Корреспонденту самиздата не удалось обнаружить прямых свидетельств утверждениям анонимного источника о «фашизоидном» характере деятельности «Братства», а также о распространённости в ней «вождизма» и социальном статусе её членов.
Все уже окстились
По мнению источника, знакомого с ситуацией, Степан Комаров состоял в молодёжной организации Виктора Горбача и тесно с ним общался, однако «позже вышел из-под контроля и стал более конкретно сходить с ума», что в итоге и привело к стрельбе в Воскресенском соборе.
«Когда произошёл инцидент, Горбач первым делом постарался затереть все сведения о своих контактах с безумцем и перехватить все рычаги распространения информации. Поэтому всё, что вам или кому-либо известно о „храмовой стрельбе“, — продукт деятельности горбачёвских агентов, — говорит РелигиоведЪ. — В частности, они выдумали все эти „процветающие языческие секты“. Ничего нет в помине. Была горстка скинхедов — все уже по тюрьмам или окстились. Потом была горстка романтически нагруженных студентов-филологов — они также исправились (хотя успели соорудить ныне разрушенное капище). That's all. Никакого „специфического религиозного климата“ на Сахалине нет. Люди зарабатывают деньги — о деньгах и молятся».
Стрельба Комарова была, по всей видимости, одним из последних громких преступлений националистической направленности: в 2010-х национализм различных толков, в том числе и ультраправый, был разгромлен государством.
Виктор Горбач продолжает работать священником. «Но в последнее время я что-то не слышу о нём, — говорит Анатолий Ляшок, — он в храме служит, а другой деятельности почему-то нет. На телевидении я его не вижу, и в газетах не печатают. Может, это связано с новыми законами об оскорблении чувств верующих? Раньше он говорил, мол, „сектанты — это очень опасные люди. Вы думаете, они просто так? А они здесь, чтобы захватить много нефти, газа и денег“ — и прочую чушь. Но его слушали и хлопали в ладоши, потому что должен же быть враг у русского человека! Но в последние три года его не слышно, и сайты православные позакрывали».
