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Neither business nor private borrowers can get "credit holidays"

Russians with a bank loan or a loan in a microfinance organization can receive credit holidays in case of income falling by more than 30 %. Similar measures are valid for a number of entrepreneurs. The account of incoming appeals is thousands per day.

Already, by definition, vacation does not shine for those who receive “gray” salaries, the total volume of which in Russia reaches 10 trillion rubles a year. According to the deputy chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Tatyana Golikova, approximately 15 million employees in Russia in one way or another are in contact with the informal sector.

But even those who formally have the right to delay on a loan cannot use it. The problem was recognized even in the Kremlin: the presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov announced the low efficiency of measures taken to support the population and business in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.

To the question about the most common causes of refusal in banks, they answer sparingly: it does not meet the requirements or conditions of the program. The leading corporate lawyer of Agora Ayrat Kamalov explains that basically failures are related to the problem of confirming income falling by more than 30 % or a non -compliance of the amount of the loan with the law prescribed in the law.

So, to obtain a deferral, the loan amount should not exceed 250,000 rubles on consumer loans for individuals, 100,000 rubles on credit cards for individuals, 300,000 rubles on consumer loans for individual entrepreneurs. The limit for mortgage loans at first amounted to 1.5 million rubles, but was increased to 4.5 million rubles in Moscow, to 3 million rubles in the Moscow region, St. Petersburg and the Far Eastern Federal District and up to 2 million rubles in other regions.

If the loan does not fit into these amounts, the bank does not agree to the delay, and the prospects to challenge the refusal are not very high, Kamalov emphasizes.

At the same time, it does not matter how conscientiously the borrower behaved before the situation with coronavirus. Margarita from Moscow took a loan for 450 thousand rubles at Raiffeisenbank to help parents and paid every month on time, sometimes made early payments. In March, the woman lost her job in a travel agency, and after the president’s speech, she decided to contact the bank to get a deferred on payments.

However, banks took the performance of Vladimir Putin not as an indication, but as a recommendation. “On March 27, it was an extreme day when I could pay the necessary amount without accruing a penalty, but I just had nothing to pay. By that time, the bank has not yet considered my application, and the next day

A bank employee contacted me from the recovery department and in high colors began to insult me ​​and say how bad I am, that I do not cry on a loan.

Although at that time the delay was only one day, ”recalls Margarita.

After the adoption of the law, the bank examined the application and offered to give a deferred payment for three months with an extension of the loan term for five months, and only if a woman pays off the penalty accrued for March. As a result, Margarita refused, because due to the lack of a salary of money, he is not enough even to buy products.

Her husband, on whom a mortgage was issued, could not get a delay: his income did not fall formally, since he retained the work, but the costs grew strongly due to the fact that his wife does not receive a salary.

A certificate that is not

Another example of refusal, and the triple: Alexander lives in Gelendzhik, has financial relations with three banks, with Alfa-Bank-for more than ten years. The young woman has a small child, maternity leave, IP and two consumer loans.

Cosmetic dentistry, which is engaged in Alexander, does not apply to life support structures, so on March 26 the enterprise closed. From the income there is only a child allowance. The state of his credit history Alexander was concerned before the government.

“I already felt that everything would be like that, and began to sound the alarm in advance. A letter to Sberbank (here with A. a credit card - approx. “New”), wrote on March 27, ”she says. - At first I talked in the chat, they told me that it was better to file for restructuring instead of the holidays. The answer came only on April 12th. At 16:30 I received the following text: “The applications conditions do not meet the requirements of 106-ФЗ (Article 6)”.

And today they sent an SMS that after 10 days the bank could use the right to early demand for debt on credit debt.

That is, I will write money off the account. Then I just took and blocked the card. ”

In Alfa-Bank, the next payment fell on April 7. In order to somehow agree on the conditions of repayment, Alexander began to call there back in March. The last call made on April 5 and recorded the whole conversation. We bring it in an abbreviated form.

- My only income is an IP, it does not work now until until April 19. Not the fact that they will be allowed later.

- Bring a certificate that you do not have income now.

- You understand, I work for myself, according to simplification. I have no hired employees. I pay for taxes a fixed amount - 10 thousand per quarter. It is not necessary to show income according to this scheme.

- Well, then wait until mid -April, the “credit holidays” button will appear in our application, try to use it.

“But by this time, the delay has already formed.”

- Have you considered refinancing?

-I sent an online application, and I was already refused. Can you offer something else?

- Probably nothing more.

- Then there will be a delay.

- I understand you. So there will be a delay.

Now Alexander is persistently calling, recalling the payment. She replies: I can’t, I won’t, there is nothing.

The girl is advised: take care of relatives.

At Tinkoff Bank, Alexander also called in advance. And she sent, as she was advised, an application for credit holidays, attaching the necessary certificate.

“On maternity leave, I left another place of work, there I took a certificate that I was currently on vacation on caring for a child,” the girl continues. - I received an answer with a proposal to call the hotline. I did not call. What is the point? The operator answers there that he can decide. After all, everything rests on the certificate: it must be confirmed that my IP did not work for reasons beyond my mind and did not bring income. Tell me, who can give such a certificate - a city, tax? There are simply no such certificates. I wanted to go to the bank, my branch in Novorossiysk. But they were forbidden to leave the city. Yes, and to go to go, nothing will help.

They already told me: at least write, even if you personally come, there is still no such form. ”

That is, in fact, the woman lost all her income, but this cannot confirm. Just because such a document has not yet been invented.

In the meantime, they accept a certificate from the place of work, on registration as an unemployed or sick leave - such absolutely typical documents in a completely abnormal situation. The Central Bank is allowed to supplement the modest list. And to the creditor - to make a variety of requests for the income of the client, for example, in the MHIF.

You still have to pay

It is possible that after the assigned half -year, nothing in the financial position of the individual borrower will change - this is at best. And if it worsens? Then the deferred he will only delay the inevitable. After all, to take advantage of the holidays - the government clearly said this - it is possible only once.

Why, in fact, six months? This period is enough for everything to settled so much that it is time to distribute debts? The Sberbank press center substantiated: “Six months is the average deadline for restoring customer solvency in case of loss of work, solving family issues and other life situations. Sberbank has its own restructuring programs, according to which a delay can be more than six months if the client’s situation requires. ”

From March 31, the VTB Bank has been deferred to borrowers, injured as a result of pandemic. “Since the beginning of April, the bank has provided credit holidays for more than 80 thousand of its customers,” the VTB press service said. - The deferment of two minimum payments was also provided to owners of credit cards of the bank - about 1.5 million people. ” About five thousand applications for a total of 226 billion rubles, VTB received from representatives of small and medium -sized businesses. Approved appeals for 160 billion.

The figures are not voiced in Sberbank, but they assure that they will cope with the flow of customers who have contacted both credit holidays and for the usual debt restructuring. Over three thousand applications were received in the Opening. According to the press service, more than half are under consideration, 20 % of positive decisions were received on mortgages and consumer loans, on credit cards-about 3 % (the acceptance of applications for them began later-approx. “New”). The consideration of approximately 20 % of appeals for all products has been stopped.

“Vacations are not forgiveness of the debt, but a delay in payment transferred to the future,” either explains or warns the head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Elvira Nabiullina.

Yes, we ourselves understand, banks are not about forgiveness.

When the holidays end, missed payments on a mortgage loan will still have to be paid.

And the borrower will be calculated longer as much as his holidays lasted. The initially set amount of mortgage payments will not change. Nobody will write off the interest on consumption for consumer codit during the deferral.

Does it make sense then on vacation? I'm afraid we can only find out experimentally. In the meantime, the Central Bank recommends MFI not to accrue pennies and fines for April. Recommendation is a thing for execution is not mandatory. So, it remains to believe in the goodwill of the MFI.

And the Central Bank was attended by the reputation of Russians who asked for credit holidays due to pandemic. And he suggested the National Bureau of credit stories temporarily not to worsen the assessments of such customers and not take into account the fact of debt restructuring. It is only incomprehensible why the delay that people ask, because the country has a pandemic and there is no work, is qualified as a restructuring? Is this not a change in lending conditions in fact?

Not suffered enough

Not only individuals, but also entrepreneurs face problems. Ayrat Kamalov from Agora notes that about 300 business appeals were already received on the hotline of the human rights group, 10 % of which are associated with the restructuring of loans.

Like individuals, entrepreneurs do not fit into the limits established by law by the amounts of loans or their activities do not fall under the list of companies that are most affected by the coronavirus. Thus, the Kaliningrad LLC Style in Kamen, which is engaged in the processing of granite, could not get a deferment for six months on the latest payment for a microloan three years ago - as the company said in the list of industries affected by coronavirus. At the same time, as noted in the company, due to the lack of sales, they cannot repay the rest of the debt.

Many entrepreneurs facilitated similar problems. According to the TPP survey,

48 % of Russian small and medium -sized enterprises reported the impossibility of taking advantage of state support measures.

Even the head of the Ministry of Economic Development, Maxim Reshetnikov, who decided to check the work of banks for working with pandemic companies, could not take advantage of the state support: under the guise of a “secret buyer”, the minister tried to receive an interest -free loan to pay wages. “I called the two largest banks. In one, the hotline operator replied that the government allegedly had not yet signed the decision. In another, they promised to give out a loan, but ... in May. I drew attention to this, ”said Reshetnikov.

Even if the bank agrees to issue a salary loan, this is not a very effective measure that few of the entrepreneurs want to use. “To take a loan even at 0 %, not understanding the quarantine ends, what measures will remain, which will be additionally taken, the entrepreneur is not ready. It is not clear where to get the funds to pay for a loan, due to the general situation of uncertainty, ”says Kamalov.

Maxim Osadchiy

Head of the Analytical Department of the Bank of BKF

For banks, credit holidays are a serious load: they will not receive any compensation for their provision, except for some messages in terms of regulation. Banks, having given a delay on the loan, are losing income until the borrower continues to serve the loan. The bank’s expenses remain the same, because no one announced the holidays under the deposits, and income is reduced, which leads to losses.

It is unprofitable for the bank to give a delay to those who can pay. But in the conditions of the epidemic, it is difficult to get information that a person is really in a critical situation: a borrower, due to the self-isolation regime, cannot always provide the necessary documents, and for the same reason the bank employees cannot check what is actually happening to the client.

Banks could receive reliable data, aggregating information on the client’s accounts in all banks: if he really has sharply reduced financial flows, then most likely he is telling the truth. But so far there is no such verification mechanism.

In addition, loans are often provided on the basis of information about gray income. How to check if they are preserved in quarantine conditions?

The situation is complicated by the fact that new solutions, often unsystematic and inconsistent, are poured from a cornucopia. Because of this, there may be system failures, such as giant queues in the Moscow metro due to a total check of passes. Examples of such system failures in the banking sector are the raids of depositors on banks due to the new “deposits tax”, mass refusals to provide “credit holidays” and interest-free payments for salaries.