Dagestanis love to remind the world that their native land is unique. True, sometimes they are difficult to determine what the uniqueness of Dagestan is. Maybe in the diversity, in the dissimilarity of the peoples inhabiting it, in the ability to store and convey to descendants a variety of traditions and crafts, in an irresistible craving for knowledge? Maybe in the ability to forget internecine ramps and differences in the face of a common big trouble? Or maybe in the fact that in almost every old village there is so interesting and ancient story that there will be not enough books to exhaustively state it without forgetting a single important event, not a single significant figure?

Probably, everyone has their own answer to this question, and all of them will be correct. We are convinced of this on every trip, in every conversation with people. And now, having traveled around the Karabudykent district , with the help of our interesting interlocutor, director of the Memorial Museum of the Ullubia of Buinaksky in the village. Ulubiyul Zayutdin Magomedov made amazing discoveries for themselves.

The philologist by education, Zayutdin Magomedovich did not work for a long time as a school teacher, and from 1978 to date, he will manage the museum in his native village. The main museum exposition is dedicated to Ullubia to Buinaksky-a bright, educated, tireless hero-revolutionary. But a person cannot be separate from the era, from society, from previous events. Therefore, the story of the keeper of the museum about him is a complete immersion not only in the affairs of a hundred years ago, but also their background.

We will also start with the background and tell a little about the Karabudykent district.

Huns, Khazars and the Golden Horde

As a separate administrative-territorial unit of the Karabudakhkentsky district, he was formed by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 20, 1921 on the basis of the Karabudykent section Temir-Khan-Shurinsky district of the Dagestan region. Its composition and name changed several times for a hundred years, and only in 1992 was the Leninsky district that existed at that time was renamed Karabudykent. In this status and in the same volume of territories, it exists today.

Like many areas of Dagestan, the Karabudakhkent district boasts glorious labor, spiritual traditions and centuries -old history, saturated with a variety of events - economic, cultural, struggle for independence and self -determination.

The territory, which coincides with the modern outlines of the district, was first populated about 40 thousand years ago. Today, more than 86 thousand people live here, and this is one of the largest and most numerous regions of Dagestan. The fertile lands of the foothills and coastal plains, the soft seaside climate, the beneficial geopolitical location of the land on the Great Silk Road contributed to the fact that the material culture developed in this area continuously - from the Paleolithic to this day.

Here, the rulers arose and disappeared from the face of the city of the city and entire states. During the early Middle Ages, in the IV-VII centuries, the Caucasian Gunnia was formed with the capital of the Varachan, the remains of which were discovered near the village of Ullubiyul. Archaeologists attributed the time of the emergence of this settlement to the era of early iron (VII-IV centuries BC), which existed and developed until the first half of the VIII century. n. e. To the line n. e. He historically developed in one of the large political, trade and craft centers on the Caspian Silk Road. In the XI century, the lands passed into the hands of the Khazar, then the Semender kingdom formed, and after for a long century the power of the Tarkovsky Shevkals (Shamkhalov) was established for many centuries.

Gubden: Man or Ancient City?

The history of the village of Gubden is interesting, the appearance of which dates back to the second millennium BC. And not only one, but a whole group of ancient settlements. In total, more than two dozen ancient settlements found in Gubden and its environs itself: Pilau (Filan), Achau, Khaspi, Yangau, Nartau, Chudnau, Hyarau, Chunanau, and others. The most significant of them is the baur-kada, founded approximately in the III century AD, which is correlated with the current provincial. The mention of it is found even in some Spenses of Derbend-Nama.

According to one version, the city appeared to protect Derbent from unbelievers and existed for quite some time. Many buildings of a modern village are on the foundations of ancient buildings.

According to another, 23 small tribal settlements united in a large and strong education in order to maintain common independence. The threat was quite strong and powerful: Tamerlane’s troops stood very close. The initiative of the association belonged, according to legend, to the leader of the Dargin people, to a man from the Bakhru-Kada society named Gubden . Among the fellow tribesmen, he was famous for his mind and foresight, managed to convince them together to resist Tamerlan and so saved their people from ruin.

They also tell another story. Gubden saved the ancient city from the destruction of Tamerlane with its wisdom. He arrived at the camp of the lame Timur, which was approximately on the outskirts of the current Karabudakhkent, on the bull. Timur was surprised, but he nevertheless gave him to speak out. Gubden asked him like this: “I am blind, came to ask you, Chromy, what do you need from us? Why do you, such a powerful sovereign, are waging a war with us, and what do we have such to go to us with the war? ” They say that Tamerlana liked the wisdom and simplicity of Gubden, and he left Bahra-Kad with the unhealthy.

After his death, Gubden bequeathed to bury himself in the cemetery "Hulami" near the road. The grave stone had a height of 2 arshins and 1 arshin in width. On this stone, a map of the Hubdeno possessions was carved and there were such words: “Descendants, be worthy of your ancestors in everything. Take our land as an honor. Nobleness and freedom in your hands. "

The village of Gubden, which appeared on the site of the ancient city, had an important strategic location for trade, military and economic ties between the peoples of Dagestan. A postal road and cattle from the winter to the summer pastures passed by the village. In Gubden, a craft business received significant development and whole hereditary dynasties of masters arose: masons, blacksmiths, carpenters. For centuries, the population of this unique village created its unique household items, the architectural style of residential buildings, and even the form of clothing, which is still easy to determine the resident of the village.

Shamkhals from Ull-Boynak

Let's go back to Ullubiyul, or Ull-Boynak-the Great Boynak, as he was called in the old days.

“Before the arrival of Islam in this area, the capital of the Kingdom of the Huns of Varachan was located in this area,” says Zayutdin Magomedovich. - Then the Arabs came, destroyed this city and settled in its place. From here they controlled nearby territories. Their rulers from the 1600s were called shahals (shamkhals). Ull-Binak residents made up the genealogy Yarem-Shakhalov, that is, half Shamkhalov, applicants for the Shamkhal throne. They could become a man of any nationality living in the village.

In their residence in Ull-Boynak, Shamkhals were only winter, and the summer was held high in the mountains-in Kazi-Kumukha. Then they moved from a boyfriend to Tarka, then to Kazan, and later in Kafyr Kumukh, where they put their powers in 1867. Then the military-national rule was established, the Dagestan region was formed and the plots were formed: Temir-Khan-Shurinsky, Karabudykent, etc. Naib - manager was appointed in each site.

Nature generously endowed this edge with fertile lands. Vineyards, gardens, crops of wheat and barley, cotton and corn - everything developed here successfully and fed people in abundance. Fish crafts belonging to shamkhals extended from the island of Uch (now Cheka) almost to Derbent itself and brought a huge income to the treasury. By order of the Beks, the guard posts took tribute from passing convoys along the Great Silk Road, which passed through the lands of the village, and put their personalized seal on them, letting them further.

- On the banks of the Boynak River (now it is called Kolichi) there were several mills. There were five Kutans of the Boynaksky Bek along the river bank. Just on one of them, by the way, they treated the barbecue from the local lamb himself Alexander Dumas. Traveling around the Caucasus, the writer on the way to Tiflis visited many Dagestan villages and cities, and to visit the Boynakian Bek, says Zayutdin Magomedovich, - Bagration himself brought him. The owner of the Boynaksky lands, whose Dumas stopped, showed him the outline of the man’s head on Mount Gyuz Bar Bash. Seeing this, Dumas exclaimed: "Nature created a miraculous monument to Pushkin." Since then, a mountain is not called a mountain differently than Pushkin-Tau.

Mosque in gratitude

“During the Caucasian War, one of the applicants for the post of Shamkhal Shahvalibek and his five close people were on the instructions of Imam Shamil killed his more Hadzhimurad ,” the director of the museum reports. -His wife and twin sons were taken from the house and took to Shamil. The Boynak Jamaat gathered and decided to rescue the babies by any means, because the Shamkhalsky clan could be interrupted. To do this, it was necessary to collect a ransom in the amount of one sugor. This is about 3 kilograms. Residents of the village donated their reserves and gathered almost full volume, but still not enough. Then Jamaat Selo decided to sell his public lands, which are located from Achi beam. These were the most fertile lands, now they are called the lands of Heria-Tyuz. They were handed over to the Karabudykents, and for the proceeds they filled the sah with gold and bought the heirs.

When the brothers grew up, they wanted to thank the inhabitants of the village for the saved lives and built a mosque in the village. One of the brothers built the building of the mosque itself, and the second was to build a minaret, and such a height that Gubden, which is located behind the mountain, was visible from it. But they did not have time. In 1914, the mosque was built, and the second brother died.

This mosque, by the way, worked all the years of Soviet power, with the exception of four years. From 1952 to 1956, the premises of the mosque became a granary: the collective farm had nowhere to store grain, there was too much crop then. The minaret in the mosque was installed later, he was designed and built by one local craftsman who still lives in the village. He wanted to make him the height that the sons of Shamkhal planned. But Jamaat decided that this was not necessary. And this master made a chandelier for the mosque, which hung there for a while. Then the mosque was reconstructed, two floors were made and the chandelier was removed. She is now the museum exhibit.

The path to freedom

The most famous native of an old village is, of course, Ullubiy Buinaksky.

- The father of the Ullubia of Buinaksky Daniil was a larger, a personnel military man, served in the convoy king. Ulubiy - the son of the second wife Naib from Uzdenka from Paraul . Relatives of Daniyal were against this unequal marriage, the estate of the Beks should not have fallen to the kinship with the peasants-sednes. But he went against the will of rich relatives who did not reconcile with his decision. Ullubia was not yet a year when the tragedy happened - his mother was killed by Daniil's eldest son from his first brother. A teenager for 16-17 years chopped her with an ax in response to a request to strip firewood. The Ulubius was left without his mother, and a woman named Suidukh from the village of Gubden fed him and raised him and raised him. By the way, she lived for 100 years from 1860 to 1960, and after the establishment of Soviet power, she took the name of Buinakskaya.

According to Zayutdin Magomedovich, the tragedy that happened to his mother, and the whole attitude of the noble relatives to the poor semicircle was the first push to bring Ulubia on the revolutionary path. Ullubius received a good education, studied at the law faculty of Moscow University, from where he was expelled for participation in the riots. He was very well -read, strove for freedom, justice and dreamed of equal rights for people of any origin.

Having lived a short but bright life, Ulubius left an indelible mark in the hearts of the descendants. Only now, the attitude of the layman towards him has changed somewhat over the years.

- During the years of Soviet power, the inhabitants of Aul honored him as a revolutionary, and did not even know that he was from the Shamkhal family. In 1965, grateful fellow countrymen of the Buinaksky Ulubia took 2.5 hectares of the territory, built a house under the museum, in the 70th, also at their own expense, and erected a monument. The fact that the city, streets, schools are named after him are named after all Dagestanis. And today other times have come, and now they have become ambiguous of him for his belonging to Bolshevism. But interest in his personality did not fade - the flow of visitors to the museum does not become less.

Of particular interest to visitors are personal belongings and documents of the Buinaksky Ulubia, including his letters to his lover - the first Komsomol of Dagestan Tatu Bulach . There are only 17 of them, but they are so pure and exalted that they cannot but attract attention. The fate of these young people is tragic. Ulubiy Buinaksky was shot in an incomplete 29 years, and the tattoo became a scientist and active public figure of the republic, lived a long life, but she could not forget her love until the end of her life.

Labor as the basis of life

Today in Ullubiyaual, as in many other villages of the Karabudykent district, you will not meet many idly people on the streets. The people are hardworking and cannot sit idle. And it doesn’t matter that there have been no former collective farms and state farms for a long time, in which, as old -timers say, it lived quite well, and there were no old saane houses with flat roofs in the villages. Then most villagers had the opportunity to update and rebuild their homes.

Now the villagers have a new hobby - greenhouse farms. They quickly got into the taste of this lesson and realized: one or two greenhouses bring more expenses, therefore, in order to earn good money, you need to increase volumes. The work boils around the clock, new greenhouses appear, crops gather, and there is no more time left. All residents, except for children and the elderly, in business.

But not only the district became famous. During the heavy of the wars that humanity saw, in the Great Patriotic War, 4187 inhabitants were mobilized from the region, of which 2309 gave their lives on the battlefields. The military doctor Abusaid Isaev from s. Dorgeli, who died, saving his comrades, and then presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union; one of the seven Dagestan Cavaliers of three orders of glory from Ullubiyul Abdurakhman Shiravs; The gentleman of the four orders of the Red Star of Gizbulla Giravs from Karabudakhkent, as well as dozens of ordinates.

At this time, the workers and workers of the rear did not lag behind. Despite the sharp lack of products, money, clothes and half -starved life, old people, women, children participated in the cleaning of grain from the fields, assembling donations for the front, knitted warm socks, mittens, and quilted jackets for soldiers. The war cost the residents of the district dearly, and the memory of it will never run out among the people.

And, of course, in the area inexhaustible creative, sports, cultural, scientific potential-from Jamalutdin-Haji Syrian , Askedina-Haji, Tagira-Kadi , Dazy-Kadi from Gubden, poet of the 18th-19th centuries. Abdurakhman Auschobounla Kakashurinsky to modern professors, Olympic and world champions and folk artists. It is simply impossible to list everyone. The Karabudakhkents daily enter new pages into the history of the district not only by some large, outstanding achievements and records, this is not necessary. Any contribution, any feasible useful business is already a new line in the annals of the native land, and it is not so important whether your name is inscribed in large gold letters or you are not mentioned at all. The main thing is to leave good after you.

The material was created with the participation of the press service of the Karabudakhkent district.

Do not forget the past and build the future