Prospects, protests and risk of collapse: the main thing on the eve of the garbage reform in St. Petersburg

Vyborg, Kalininsky, Krasnogvardeisky, Petrograd, Primorsky districts, as well as part of the central and right bank of the Nevsky districts

Admiralteysky, Vasileostrovsky, Kirovsky, Krasnoselsky, Moscow, Frunzensky and the rest of the central

Eco Land was established in 2015 by Vladislav Golovaty. He is also the founder of the company "Eco Plant" (engaged in the processing and utilizations of non -hazardous waste, as well as precious metals), which in its neuro -OOOO "Spetsavtotrans" (also engaged in the collection of waste). According to SPARK, Golovatova’s companies are also engaged in the cultivation of vegetables and herbs, and wholesale products of products.

From 3 591 053 193 rubles to 3 537 187 395 rubles

The tender was placed on October 27, the deadline for submitting documents ended on November 12, and on November 23 the contractor was selected.

The NEO press service believes that the company had time to prepare, since the competition for the choice of the carrier was known long before the appearance of the tender.

Polygines in the Vsevolozhsk, Luzhsky, Tosnensky Kirishsky, Gatchinsky and Boksitogorsk regions.

Conducting engineering-geodetic, environmental, hydrological surveys.

Waste fuel, Refuse-Derved Fuel

Solid waste fuel, Solid Recovered Fuel

Non -recycled waste, cleaned of organic waste and stored in the territory of the KPO

Petersburg continues to prepare for garbage reform, in which he has already lagged behind other regions of the country. It should begin on January 1, 2022, but two weeks before the start of citizens and experts there are still questions and concerns.

Carriers who will pick up waste from St. Petersburg courtyards are already named, but their choice forces some experts to fear a garbage collapse. The competition for the design of waste reciprocating complexes required the Administration of the Leningrad Region. And in the villages, protests were held next to future enterprises.

"Paper" talks about the situation in St. Petersburg on the eve of the beginning of the reform.

Who is who: glossary of the garbage reform ↓

The regional operator is a company that is responsible for all processes related to garbage in the region and regulates them.

Nevsky Ecological Operator JSC is a regional operator of St. Petersburg. The company was created in January 2021 after a complaint of the Governor of the Leningrad Region Alexander Drozdenko for the inaction of the St. Petersburg authorities. This is a joint company of regional and city authorities along with VTB and Inter RAO. Petersburg and the Leningrad region belongs to the control package of shares (25 % plus one share), the rest is in two corporations.

Reform on waste management (garbage) - the transformation of the industry of municipal waste management. Its goal is to transition to separate collection and processing of garbage. According to the documents, by 2030 in Russia they should refuse to storage waste at landfills and prevent the formation of new illegal landfills. In St. Petersburg, it starts from January 1, 2022 - with a lag behind the rest of Russia at three years.

The territorial scheme of waste management is the main document of the reform, which describes everything that happens with waste in the region: from addresses with containers to the proposed composition of garbage, routes of its transportation and its processing places.

How the company was chosen to export waste from the center of St. Petersburg

In October 2021, the current St. Petersburg regional operator “Nevsky Ecological Operator” announced several auctions for the removal of waste in St. Petersburg for an official training ground. One competition, for a period of a year, applies to the north and the city center , the second, but for three years, is also a center, as well as the south . Until the end of 2021, management companies themselves conclude contracts with carriers.

The second tender was won by Avtopark No. 1 Spetstrans, the first to Eco Land . This company has existed for six years and has been engaged in waste removal, sorting and selling recyclables, annual revenue - 457 million rubles. Eco Land received a valid license to export waste only on November 16, 2021 - three weeks after the announcement of the tender. The company reduced the cost of work by 53 million rubles from the starting price.

The results of the competitions tried to challenge one of the oldest enterprises in St. Petersburg JSC CARUSTRACE No. 6 SpetsTrans, their current market share is 42 %. The company has been operating since 1974 and, as indicated on its website , annually exports from St. Petersburg to 500 thousand tons of waste, annual revenue - 2.5 billion rubles a year.

“Avtopark No. 6“ SpetsTrans ”” was not allowed to participate in the competition. As the representative of the company Anastasia Ivanova told Paper , the reason is the absence of a decision of the general meeting of shareholders in the application for the approval of a major transaction. She says that, taking into account the terms of the procedure and non -working days in November, it was impossible to convene an extraordinary meeting of shareholders.

The results of the contest “Avtopark No. 6” tried to challenge the FAS, but the arguments of the enterprise did not convince the antimonopoly service. The NEO press service, answering the question of the “Paper” about the choice of the carrier, referred to the decision of the FAS and added that all the shareholders of the company should be assured: otherwise later disagreements can cancel it and disrupt the process of choosing a carrier. The NEO also reported that the “fleet No. 6” may become a subcontractor, but so far, according to the regional operator, the company has not expressed such a desire. In Eco Land, the “paper” did not comment on the situation.

Why experts are afraid of garbage collapse in St. Petersburg

The regions that have already entered into the reform collided with a garbage collapse: during the first month, garbage was exported with interruptions and waste mountains formed on container sites. Such a collapse touched, for example, Krasnoyarsk , Novosibirsk , Moscow Region and Chelyabinsk .

The situation with the choice of a carrier can, although not necessary, lead to a garbage collapse in St. Petersburg. The General Director of Interregion Deviation Vladislav Voronkov in a conversation with RBC also expressed concern that Eco Landu may not have enough garbage trucks for St. Petersburg courtyards and special containers, which is fraught with a breakdown of the garbage collection process. The telegram channel “Green“ Zmiy ” calls the current situation“ READY READING ”.

Alexander Popov, director of the development of Eco Land, also spoke about the lack of capacities and staff. He informed Vedomosti that at the disposal of the company there were 50 garbage trucks at the disposal of November 25 (three times less than that of Autocopark No. 6). But the Eco Land will be able to attract the resources of the Eco Plant organization with the same co -founder, as well as attract subcontractors.

NEO JSC
Regional operator

- Of course, due to the technical characteristics of the company, the availability of infrastructure and the size of the fleet, we are a little worried, but the regional operator is in close contact with Eco Landom. The company purchases additional equipment and hires employees, and holds negotiations with subcontractors to cover the volume. Of course, we are afraid and generally worry about the situation. But there is little experience, we carry out actions to minimize risks.

The head of the Ecological NPO "Zelenka" Julia Akimova in a conversation with "Paper" noted the general unpreparedness of the city to enter the garbage reform. But she added that, in her opinion, Petersburgers should not be afraid of collapse, since the first months the sphere will work according to the old scheme.

What is happening with urban garbage now

Petersburg does not have its capacities for working with garbage, so all waste is exported to the Leningrad region. The latter back in 2018 entered the top ten regions with an exhausted resource of landfills.

At the end of January 2021, the Leningrad region has adopted a law on regulation of waste management. It prohibits from 2023 to engage in waste burial, if they can be disposed of. So far, the training grounds are not closed, and in February 2021, by order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 303 near Luga, a mothballed landfill near the village of Sorochkino (formerly Mshinskaya village) was opened near Luga. It is assumed that it will work until 2023.

The capacities of other regional training grounds are also at the limit. So, one of the largest regional landfills near Gatchina “New Light” will exhaust its resources in 2022. The expansion of the training grounds in Volosov , Kunhelov and Lepsari is also in question-it causes protests by the local population, and the owners cannot pass environmental examinations and public hearings. In addition, the State Plant of the MBPO-2 in Janin and on Volkhonskoye Shosse from January 1, 2021 suspended the reception of waste for an indefinite period.

Anastasia Kuznetsova, the head of the regional waste management committee, said in early December that in 2022 North Samarka and another six landfills would stop working. In early October, the court also recognized the export of waste from St. Petersburg to the Novgorod region illegal.

Design documentation for the construction of waste processing complexes (KPO) in the Leningrad region will be ready only by the end of 2022. The general director of NEO claims that by the end of 2022 in St. Petersburg they will process up to 30 % of municipal solid waste, but the first phase of the reconstruction of the MBPO-2 plant involves the processing of 200 thousand tons of garbage per year-approximately 10 % of the total number of waste formed in the city.

What will happen to the St. Petersburg garbage after 2023, taking into account the ban on the burial of waste in the Leningrad region, which will begin to operate on January 1, 2023, is unknown. The regional operator suggests that, perhaps, the waste will go to the temporary storage sites in order to then be processed.

How they are preparing for the construction of new garbage processing complexes

On December 1, Nevsky Ecological Operator JSC published a tender on the state procurement portal for design and survey work at once for five waste processing complexes (KPO).

The cost of work is 477 million rubles, the acceptance of applications should stop in February 2022. The term of the first stage is December 2021. The winner of the competition must develop technical documentation until December 2022.

According to documents, NEO JSC plans to build three KPOs in the Leningrad Region and two in St. Petersburg. This is where, according to the operator, they should appear:

• at the site of the factory for the mechanized processing of household waste (MPBO-2) on the Volkhonskoye Shosse, 116 in the Krasnoselsky district of St. Petersburg;
• in the developed career "Dubrovka" near the village of Dubrovka, the Vsevolozhsk district of the Leningrad region;
• on the site of the Novoselki training ground at the Hyundai plant in the Vyborg district of St. Petersburg;
• in the career "Ostrovsky" near the village of Pervomaiskskoye, Vyborg district of the Leningrad region;
• In the career "Brandyka" near the village of Orzhitsa, Lomonosovsky district of the Leningrad region.

According to the “paper” in the NEO, the operator undertakes to collect data, evaluate the environmental impact, hold public hearings. This, according to the press secretary, it is necessary to conduct a state environmental examination and “turn to the Leningrad region”, from there a request to the Russian government on the transfer of land from the forest fund to industrial.

The two largest processing complexes out of five are planned to be placed in the Dubrovka and Ostrovsky careers - in the Vsevolozhsk and Vyborg regions, respectively. The area of ​​each is 1.2 million square meters.

Three other complexes are much smaller: from 55 to 150 square meters. It is assumed that at least 600 thousand tons of garbage per year will be processed on each of them. In total, according to the documents of public procurement, it is planned that five complexes will process at least 3 million tons in 12 months - this will be enough to cope with garbage, which is formed in St. Petersburg. According to the Terkham, it is about 2-2.3 million tons of waste per year.

How local residents react to construction plans

Despite the promises of the authorities and NEO JSC to equip modern complexes, local residents have protested against possible construction in the fall of 2021. They are afraid that instead of the CPO there will be a garbage training ground.

In November, the inhabitants of the village of Orzhitsa, next to the career of Brandyka, went on a folk gathering. They believe that from the place where the complex is planned, Peterhof fountains are powered. The Brandovka quarry, in the place of which the complex may appear, is indeed located next to a small Brand pond, which is connected to the Shinkarsky pond - from there the water is already entered the system of fountains. Local residents created a petition against construction, at the time of publication of the text she has more than 3.5 thousand signatures.

Protests are also held in the village of Pervomaisk. There, activists urge to write appeals to the administration of the governor of the Leningrad region and the waste management committee. In early December, about 50 people gathered at a gas station at the Scandinavia highway to collect signatures against the construction of a complex near Pervomaisky.

In general, residents have been conducting the struggle against the training ground in Pervomaisky since January 2020 : they conducted eco-gunks , folk gatherings , created a petition , which at the time of publication of the material signed more than 16 thousand people. The activist community of Pervomaisky has existed since 2016 - it was then that the first messages appeared about the possible placement of the waste processing complex in a career nearby.

In December, signatures were collected against the complex in Dubrovka. A spontaneous rally was also held in the village, which was attended by several hundred inhabitants. Activists write requests to the committees.

Why the Leningrad region requires the abolition of a tender for the development of a project of complexes

The waste management committee demanded to cancel the competition for the development of projects of five garbage processing complexes in St. Petersburg and the region, the press services of the Committee and the Regional Operator told Paper .

In a letter to the regional operator, the deputy head of the waste management committee, Irina Churkina, claims that the Leningrad region transferred the plots in the Vyborg and Vsevozhsky districts “for engineering surveys and considering the possibility of designing and building facilities”, while the tender is about “design and survey work”. Churkina writes that the objects are “not included in the current territorial scheme of handling of the region’s waste.

At the same time, the construction plans for complexes are in the Tersham of the Leningrad region. According to the scheme, objects should appear in the careers “Dubrovka”, “Ostrovsky” and “Brandyka” in the Vsevolozhsk, Vyborg and Lomonosovsky districts. The scheme also refers to the complex in the industrial zone "Phosphorite" in the Kingisepp district, but it is not mentioned in the procurement. As the Paper ’s press service was later explained, “the published territorial scheme is valid until a new one is adopted”, which is currently being developed by the Leningrad region.

The NEO also added that at the moment, two of the three alleged sites in the Leningrad region have already concluded lease agreements, therefore, “some processes have been launched in parallel” to accelerate. ” A source of “Paper” said that the lease agreements are for the Ostrovsky and Dubrovka careers, but added that these contracts do not mean construction - they only allow surveys.

On December 1, the head of the regional committee for the management of the waste Anastasia Kuznetsova: “Four locations for the placement of new objects: Kingisepp, Dubrovka, Ostrovskoye, determines the territory in the Lomonosovsky district, are also announced about the plans to transfer lands on December 1. In addition, according to her, the reconstruction of landfills in the Priozersky and Volosovsky districts is planned.

On December 14, the NEO press service told Paper that the company will not cancel the tender for the development of design documentation for the construction of complexes, but will correct some points. NEO has already updated the calendar work schedule and prescribed more processing technology, compost parameters, alternative RDF fuel and non-recycled tails.

How to sort and process garbage after the reform

The data published by NEO JSC on the public procurement portal also contain an approximate description of the stages that are to go through waste before becoming RDF and SRF fuel, “ tail ” or in a different way to process. This is what the process of processing for fuel production can be.

1. The waste entered the territory of the complex is loaded to the hopper-suboser, which will evenly supply garbage to the tape.
2. The next stage is preliminary sorting, during which large items can be extracted that can damage the equipment.
3. Next, waste bags are opened, after which they are divided into several tapes in terms of the size of the contents.
4. Then, with the help of air, light fractions are separated from heavier ones, then there is a separation of volumetric things and flat.
5. After this, a magnetic and vortex separation occurs, which emits ferrous and non -ferrous metals.
6. Further, using computer technology and air flows, the fraction is divided by composition.
7. The next two stages are quality control, during which robots-sorties or people will finally check the previous stages of sorting and select glass and metal.
8. Далее измельчается высококалорийная фракция, в состав которой входит смесь пластмасс, бумага, картон, текстиль, резина, древесина и иные компоненты с фиксированным размером выходной фракции.
9. Затем всё это сушится в барабанах и при необходимости гранулируется.
10. На выходе получается RDF/SRF-топливо.

В документации отмечается, что оборудование для производства альтернативного топлива нужно согласовать с АО «НЭО» с учетом градостроительных планов в части строительства промышленных объектов с высоким потреблением тепловой энергии.

Биогенное вещество, то есть остатки отмерших организмов или продукты жизнедеятельности и линьки, будет поступать на компостирование. Из него также извлекут металл, стекло и пластик. Из компоста получается масса, похожая на землю. With a certain refinement from this mass, it will be possible to obtain technological soil suitable for the disposal and reclamation of polygons or quarries.

Conclusions

До вступления города в реформу обращения с отходами остается две недели. Региональный оператор проводит последние приготовления: до 25 декабря должны быть заключены договоры между перевозчиками и управляющими компаниями, жителями, а также организациями. Если жители и организации не отреагируют до этой даты, договор будет считаться автоматически подписанным. «НЭО» также объявил тендер на исследование контейнерных площадок Петербурга.

Помимо рисков мусорного коллапса (возможного, но не обязательного) подготовку к реформе сопровождают протесты в Ленобласти, с которыми властям и региональному оператору придется что-то делать. Остается неясным, что будет с отходами в 2023 году — с учетом не начатого проектирования новых КПО и запрета на захоронение отходов на полигонах Ленобласти. Это еще один вопрос, ответ на который предстоит искать профильным комитетам и «НЭО».

They worked on the material

Автор текста — Никита Пахарев, редактор — Татьяна Иванова, литературный редактор — Владислава Петрова, визуальный продюсер — Мария Слепкова.

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