Telegram has turned into a weapon of manipulation of the stock market. Based on the posts alone in anonymous channels, the owners of up to 100 thousand accounts make decisions on transactions - and this is according to the most modest assessment. The Bell journalists Irina Pankratova and Vyacheslav Dvornovoov studied the market and learned how to organize a large -scale campaign for the issuer’s promotion in Telegram for three days and several million rubles, who is behind the RDV channel popular among private investors and why the Central Bank is narrowing with these people.

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Telegram prognosis for investors
The take -off of the usually low -liquid shares of the Beluga alcohol manufacturer became almost the main topic in the Russian market at the end of February 2021. From 13 to 19 February, they went up by more than three times: from 1951 to 6500 rubles. The volume of bidding for one day on February 18 amounted to 2.7 billion rubles against ordinary 4 million rubles per day for this paper.
Toward the end of this unexpected surge, the company said that there were no significant news that could have been so much affected by the shares, and called on investors to use reliable sources of information. The next day, the Mosbirzha noted a new trend in the Russian market: “Active discussion on social networks of the prospects of the shares and individual papers leads to a significant change in prices,” and also advised investors to carefully evaluate the risks.
At the end of January, after the release of the Beluga report in the anonymous channel “Marketengivlast”, one of the most popular with investors, really, a post was that the fair price of the Beluga action is 2352 rubles - 70% more than then levels. In total, from the point of view of fundamental and technical analysis, the channel from January 26 to 30 published 11 posts from the point of view of the fundamental and technical analysis. At that time, the channel totaled about 140 thousand subscribers.
The take -off was followed by the same sharp fall: on February 20–21, the Beluga papers lost almost all of the growth. Investors who entered them closer to February 20, almost guaranteed to lose money.

At the end of July, the campaign of the biotechnological company “Institute of Human Stem cells” (SCAC) took off 32% in the Mosbirzh in two days-and again in the absence of any news, except for posts about several large telegram channels at once, including the same RDV. He said that sales of the Neovasculgen genetically-therapy preparation developed by the Institute will grow ten times in the next five years (in 2014, in 2014, it promised to bring the drug to the international market in the coming years, but so far it was registered only in Russia and Ukraine). Another channel “RCB signals” almost simultaneously wrote that the 1,5 -year revenue created by “safe technology” from coronavirus can bring. The vaccine can be instilled in 1% of the population of Russia, the post said. At that time, the company did not even have permission to conduct clinical trials.
The RDV post was partially based on an interview with the general director of ISCH Arthur Isaev, which he gave the same RDV, however, not in Telegram, but in YouTube. In it, Isaev stated that the “daughter” of SCACHS makes the COVID-19 vaccine “according to the safest technology”, that this type of vaccines has practically no side effects, but they have high efficiency during revaccination.
After taking off the quotes of SCACHCH, the Analysts surveyed by RBC warned investors that such delayed issuers of issuers could play a cruel joke with investors. Behind the growth of low -liquid shares, an attempt to “disperse” the paper is often hidden, the chief analyst “Alor Broker” Alexei Antonov commented on the publication. Manipulators are easily seduced by the purchase of beginners, and then “unloaded” at their expense - that is, they sell shares at a high price, the analyst of FG Finams Alexei Korenev agreed with him.
After taking a take-off, the cost of SCACH shares was slightly adjusted, and at the beginning of November the papers rose sharply again: then another interview with Isaev appeared on the market “Market-channel, and about two dozen posts with a description of how promising the company is.

“For 10 years we suffered from underestimation. Of course, the market has changed the last two years. We always look at what is happening, very carefully, so that there is no situation when someone tries to manipulate the market, ”Commersant commented on Commersant with the shares of ISCHSCH Isaev. “Naturally, we are interested in making the company a stable cost so that there are no situations of the so -called PUMP and DUMP.”
Translated into Russian, PUmp and Dump means “pumping up and dropping”. This technique is familiar to everyone who watched the movie “Wolf with Wall Street”: having conspired, investors buy up the company's shares and throw false positive news for artificial increase in demand for them. Promotions are expensive, and the organizers of the campaign sell them at the peak.
In a conversation with The Bell, the telegram channels in his company, General Director of SCACHSCH, in a conversation with The Bell, explained with a common interest in the biotechnology sector, which grew during the pandemic. In Russia, there are few such companies, and only two on the exchange, he says. At the same time, Isaev does not believe that the growth of SCA shares is associated with the activity of telegram channels: the price for the described period not only did not fall, but is significantly higher than the July levels.
The prognosis of the “RCB signals” that SCACH vaccinates with its drug at least 1% of the population, Isaev calls “pessimistic”: if the vaccine successfully undergoes clinical research and receives a registration certificate, then she has every chance of taking a significant share of the booster vaccination market. He also stated that Lensch is working to expand the scope of the drug "Neovaskulgen" in Russia.
“In the context of future sales and forecasts of the word“ bring ”or“ can bring ”obviously the same meanings and meaning. I personally try to make softer and cautious formulations. But the meaning of the forecast does not change from this, ”says Isaev.
What they write in telegram channels are carefully monitored not only by investors, but also by the Central Bank. Analysts of the regulator using algorithms compare posts in telegram channels, chats and bots with the dynamics of the cost of shares of a company on the exchange, the regulator press service said in response to the Bell request.
Based on their own observations in the Central Bank, they came to the conclusion that the transactions for about 100 thousand accounts are now carried out only on the basis of the recommendations of telegram channels and special bots. And these are the most modest grades. For example, VTB Capital Analysts, having analyzed posts with the mention of companies traded in the market in telegram channels, concluded that the audience of such posts is up to 1.5 million people (there were more than a thousand subscribers for the study for the study). This corresponds to approximately 11% of unique and 75% of active retail accounts on the Moscow Bill.
“Marketengivlast”, or RDV, is one of the most popular anonymous channels about investment in Russian Telegram. Having installed the image of the Kalashnikov black machine on a red background on an avatar, the RDV began work in 2017 with news about the ruble and oil prices. Since then, the channel gained more than 155 thousand subscribers. Now with him there is a chat with 5.5 thousand participants, where there is a literally every minute discussion of the shares market, and a bot with investment ideas with the cost of a subscription of 36 thousand rubles a month or 240 thousand a year.
The total coverage of some RDV posts reaches 0.5 million - thanks to reposts in other anonymous channels. Absolute leader in the number of mutual reposts with RDV - channel “RCB signals” (TGSTAT meter data ). In second place is the “evil financier”. He, in turn, actively quotes the “Wolf with the Mosbirzhi” created by this summer. There are other small channels, for example, Zorko for RDV, which will replace "colleagues", increasing their coverage.
The posts in such channels can be commercial, but the reader does not always learn about this. The Bell contacted the advertising manager whose contacts are indicated in the channel profile, and found out the current prices and conditions of placement. The cost of an advertising post in the RDV is determined by the number of subscribers. At the end of November, when the channel had 152 thousand subscribers, it amounted to 152 thousand rubles with a one -time placement in a tape at 19:00. After accommodation, the paid post marked "advertising" is not removed. And with a 20% margin, the post can be filed as the news of the channel itself, without a note about its advertising or partner character. The Bell correspondent, in order to get this information, had to introduce himself to an employee of a large regional fuel and energy company and send a post to the manager of the channel to agree on non-existent insiders.
Commercial offers of RDV and “RCB signals” are identical - they differ only in cost, which in both cases is equal to the number of subscribers. In the “RCB signals” at the end of November, 88 thousand rubles were asked for a post with a one -time placement plus 20% to the cost of excluding the advertising tag. The channel manager, on the same conditions, sells advertising in the channel “RCB USB signals”, and also offers a signature for the Bot “Spy RCB”, which costs 20 thousand for three months or 75 thousand for a year.
The RDV does not disclose its owners, but on the website of the PFL Advisors project, which calls himself Fintech and the analytical company, it is indicated that the PFL exclusively provides RDV analytics, "increasing the profitability of investing your capital." The RDV itself is named on the website of the partner telegram channel PFL. The Bell found out how this company appeared.
In 2008, in one of the audiences of the University of Economics. Plekhanov was noted in Streking Lane a joyful event - students of the Department of Securities Market of the Financial Faculty returned from Izhevsk with the first place in the All -Russian Student Olympiad . The victory in it was a subject of pride for any economic university, the winners were awarded about $ 2000. Until now, students have never brought a gold medal in the team standings to the Pleshka. The main character of the party was the new team captain, a third -year student Alexander Butmanov. He told The Bell that, while studying at the institute, he earned trading on the exchange and even partially financed students' trips to the Olympics.
At the same party, Butmanov met with Fedor Naumov, whom one of the teachers recommended as a very talented student, and soon with Vladislav Panteleev. Naumov was also considered at the Academy as an ascending star, studied perfectly and already worked as a full -time analyst of the Capital Criminal Code. Panteleev studied at the Faculty of Economics and Mathematics and “looked like a young [Igor] Sechin, went with a portfolio, loved to open signs in Excel and make something in them, he was in a special account with teachers because he used to study in Canada,” says a common acquaintance of future friends.
After a couple of weeks, young people agreed to create a public association at the institute - the "Plekhanov financial league." So the abbreviation PFL (PFL) appeared with a scream "Do you want - always win, PFL - your friends." First, students of the Academy itself joined the league, and the teams formed inside it that continued to travel to the Olympiads in Russia. In one of the early PFL presentations, 23-year-old Butmanov was called the “leader” of the project, Panteleev-“brain”, and Naumov “strategist”.
According to Butmanov’s memoirs, in senior courses, friends decided to organize something like tutoring for students who want to get a first-level CFA certificate-an international “quality mark” for a financial analyst. The Pleshka provided premises and equipment for these purposes. It is not easy to pass the exam even at the first level, but the partners gathered a strong teaching staff, some of the lectures were taken over. And in order to “take away” students from strong competitors (BCS and Ernst & Young had such courses, Butmanov went around two hundred audiences of the Academy and in each spoke about the start of classes. After the first three -month course, almost all students received a certificate, the news quickly scattered around the academy and there were no problems with the next set. Panteleev suggested monetizing the project: take 20 thousand rubles per course. But talented students, at the insistence of Butmanov, continued to accept without payment, he recalls. The plans were to conquer other Moscow universities.
In the summer of 2010, the first legal entity was registered with the same abbreviation in the name - LLC PFL EDVIZERS. Naumov and Panteleev belonged to him 45%, also among the founders were the brother and wife of Naumov and the old friend Panteleev Kirill Martynov. Butmanova was not part of the shareholders. He himself claims that at first he did not attach great importance to the documents, but at some point Panteleev invited him to do business together. According to Butmanov, he refused, and Naumov, who received the same offer, is the other way around. In the same year, Butmanov claims, he completely dispersed with his partners.
Panteleev and Naumov did not answer the questions he sent and refused to comment on the phone.
Analysting PFL Advisors was contained in the first post of the Telecetrakidengivost Telegram channel. In December 2017, RDV had its own chat. After registration, more than a dozen PFL Advisors employees entered it, including Vladislav Panteleev and Fedor Naumov. The first message “Well, drove” wrote the head of the PFL joint -stock capital department Anton Mingaleev. Polina user represented the chat - as The Bell found out, this is Polina Evstigneeva, at that time an employee of PFL, who was engaged in content. In her social networks, she wrote that the company’s employees are conducting the RDV channel itself: “Look, we will be glad!”
In 2019, the channel had a paid Bot RDV Premium, which gives advice to investors. The Bota website states that “all the rights under the RDV Premium service belong to Mediator-Zi LLC-this is a legal entity belongs to the father of Vladislav Panteleev. Also, since the summer of this year, the RDV again began to conduct the YouTube channel created in 2017, where the PFL website and Instagram Naumov are indicated as contacts, it is also filmed in most videos.
The abbreviation PFL is even contained in the hyperlink of the telegram channel RDV-AK47PFL. In the official accounts of PFL and its founders, the RDV channel was also repeatedly represented as their own . Nevertheless, Panteleev still, in response to the questions of journalists, denied that the RDV is the PFL Advisors project. In a conversation with The Bell, he and Naumov also stated that the channel owners were not related.
Over time, the format of the telegram channel RDV has changed: news and forecasts about the ruble course complemented posts about issuers ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , etc.). A sharp increase in the popularity of the channel occurred in 2019 (over the year the audience grew from 25 to 65 thousand). The leap could be due to the fact that in the second half of 2019 , the news and collections of RDV about the stock market became one of the largest political telegram channels “Brief” (at that time, their audience aggregate about 280 thousand subscribers, now almost 430 thousand).
The repost of one message on the non -core topic in the "non -loser" now costs more than $ 1000, the Bell advertising manager of the canal told The Bell. More than 300 thousand rubles ($ 4-5 thousand, depending on the number of publications), for the repost of such a post from RDV, were asked for posting “advertising” with allegedly insider information in “Nezigar” - $ 1300.
PFL Advisors positions themselves as Fintech and an analytical company, as well as the Mosbirzhi Informer. The company's website describes 14 projects in which it participated: the development of an investment strategy for a field of rare earth metals and for a large manufacturer of tomatoes and cucumbers in greenhouses, a strategy for creating a clothing brand, hedging of currency risks of large distributor of mobile phones, accompanying transactions, and investment attracting. But customers are not named anywhere.
The Bell found that PFL Advisors also received contracts from the structures of the Rostec State Corporation-“RT development of business” and “Obninsky scientific and production enterprise“ Technology ”named after A.G. Romashin ". According to the state procurement portal, the company did not have other state orders. In 2014, these contracts were brought by PFL EDVIZERS $ 2.5 million ( 1, 2 ), in 2016 - almost 20 million rubles ( 1 ). In both cases, PFL provided consulting services. In addition, Rostec was a partner of the digital platform for learning Ed Study (LLC Edster), created by PFL Advisors in 2012. At least 14 accounts of PFL EDVIZERS LLC were opened in Promsvyazbank, supporting for enterprises of the military-industrial complex.
Rostec has become a major customer for PFL Advisors on the University Line, the interlocutor, familiar with the work of the company, told The Bell. Sergey Chemezov is a sample of Pleshki, in the structure of the university there is even a department of Rostec.
In 2014, Fedor Naumov entered the Board of Directors of another structure of Rostec - TsNII Electronics. According to the interlocutor of The Bell, TsNII attracted Naumov to help deal with corporate finances.
Rostec told The Bell that PFL is now not listed in the list of their counterparties. The Technology ONP was reported that the contract with PFL was concluded, completed and closed in 2016, in the “RT-development of business”-that the contract was concluded in 2014 and was also already closed.
A few months ago, issues related to the work of RDV appeared at the Department of Combating unscrupulous practices of the Central Bank. Задать их регулятор решил двум компаниям — ООО «Финрейсерз», через которую ведет свою деятельность PFL Advisors, и ООО «Медиатор-Зи», которому принадлежат права на платного бота RDV Premium. По данным арбитражных судов ( 1 , 2 ), еще в августе 2021 года ЦБ запросил у компаний перечень документов и информацию по 19 пунктам. Это было сделано в рамках проверки по ст. 6 ФЗ «О манипулировании рынком».
Через «Финрейсерз» ведет свою деятельность PFL Advisors. В ЕГРЮЛ эта деятельность названа «консультированием», на сайте PFL Advisors говорится, что это «финтех в области ценных бумаг на биржах всего мира» и «технологичная фабрика по производству денег из денег на рынке ценных бумаг».
«Медиатор-Зи» тоже зарегистрирован в ЕГРЮЛ как консультационная компания. По данным who is, с октября 2021 года она администрирует сайт RDV Premium — так называется платный бот РДВ с инвестидеями, а также сайт Zorko Index — так называются близкие к РДВ телеграм-каналы Zorko и Zorko for RDV. Кроме того, у PFL Advisors есть проект Zorko Tech, описанный на сайте компании как «искусственный интеллект по торговле акциями, облигациями и фьючерсами, который приносит доходность 24% годовых».
«Финрейсерз» принадлежит отцу Владислава Пантелеева, Сергею Пантелееву (43,5%), и Марии Пантелеевой (3%), Федору Наумову (38,5%) и Яне Космыниной (15%). «Медиатор-Зи» принадлежит единолично Сергею Пантелееву.
«Финрейсерз» заканчивал 2020 и 2019 годы с убытками по 4,4 млн рублей, выручка при этом составляла 19 млн и 8 млн соответственно. «Медиатор-Зи» за последние два года получила суммарную чистую прибыль 1,5 млн рублей при выручке 9,2 млн рублей в 2019 году и 23 млн рублей в 2020 году.
Регулятор потребовал раскрыть информацию о работе самих компаний:
Также в запросе требовалось предоставить сведения о телеграм-канале «РынкиДеньгиВласть» и боте RDV Premium: например, справку об участии сотрудников компаний в работе канала, об их обязанностях, должностных инструкциях и даже адресах регистрации и проживания. Наконец, ЦБ интересовал принцип формирования контента для бота, в частности, «возможность подписчиков самостоятельно принимать решения о совершении той или иной сделки в отношении определенного финансового инструмента» и «возможность использования бота в виде услуги автоследования».
Из материалов суда следует, что в 2019 и 2020 годах «Финрейсерз» и «Медиатор-Зи» заключили не менее шести договоров на «создание информационного контента». ЦБ требовал раскрыть детали этих сделок и подтвердить исполнение договоров. Кроме того, у компаний запросили контракты с фирмой Holdomville Capital Ltd и все имеющиеся о ней сведения — это созданная в 2020 году офшорная кипрская управляющая компания .
«Финрейсерз» и «Медиатор-Зи» не сумели предоставить все запрошенные данные о видах своей деятельности и бухгалтерском балансе, подтвердить исполнение заключенных между собой договоров и раскрыть информацию обо всех сотрудниках (компании сослались на то, что некоторые из них уже уволились и не выходят на связь). За это в середине сентября ЦБ наложил на них административный штраф. Его сумма не уточняется, но взыскание с юрлиц по этой статье составляет до 700 тысяч рублей. Обе фирмы попытались оспорить штрафы, но 26 ноября и 1 декабря суд признал их законными и обоснованными.
Федор Наумов отказался комментировать судебные разбирательства с ЦБ и заблокировал корреспондента The Bell. Владислав Пантелеев сказал The Bell, что у «Финрейсерз» не было проблем с Центробанком, после указания на материалы судов заявил, что не имеет отношения к компании, и вскоре бросил трубку. В пресс-службе ЦБ The Bell сообщили, что не комментируют незавершенные судебные разбирательства.
Центробанк может проверить деятельность любых компаний, включая консультационные, в рамках противодействия манипулированию и использованию инсайдерской информации (по ст. 4, п. 18.3 ФЗ «О ЦБ РФ»). В случае таких проверок информацию по запросу регулятора обязаны предоставлять российские и зарубежные юрлица и физлица (по ст. 14.1, п. 2, и ст. 4, п. 9 ФЗ «О манипулировании рынком»). Требование распространяется на любую информацию, включая служебную, коммерческую или банковскую тайну. При отказе, предоставлении неполной или недостоверной информации ЦБ имеет право вынести постановление об административном нарушении (по ст. 19.7.3, ч. 1 КоАП РФ). Если после предупреждения от регулятора ответчик не исправляется, ему грозит наказание: штраф до 4 тысяч рублей для физлиц, до 30 тысяч рублей для должностных лиц с возможной дисквалификацией до года, а также до 700 тысяч рублей для компаний. Также Центробанк может передать данные в следственные органы. За манипулирование на рынке акций в России предусмотрены уголовные, гражданско-правовые и административные меры ответственности, а также другие меры со стороны ЦБ.
На волне роста популярности Telegram образовался новый рынок телеграм-услуг: помощь в «пампе» акций. Посты в телеграм оказались невероятно эффективным методом. Частные инвесторы охотно верят придуманным «инсайдам» и на их основе принимают решения. «Первым признаком недобросовестности мы считаем анонимность, — отмечает начальник главного управления ЦБ по противодействию недобросовестным практикам поведения на открытом рынке Валерий Лях. — Новомодные гуру много раз появлялись на рынке и исчезали, заработав на публичных рекомендациях». В анонимных телеграм-каналах, по его мнению, чаще можно встретить «инсай т ы, а не инсайды», вбросы, сделанные для того, чтобы подписчики принимали определенные решения. «В абсолютном большинстве случаев это просто сказки», — предупреждает он. «Также мы видим, что участники “разгонных” рынков совершают сделки в два раза чаще, чем участники спокойных рынков с высокой ликвидностью», — добавляет он.
Телеграм-каналы могут давать советы об одной и той же инвестиционной бумаге по несколько раз, добиваясь, чтобы бумага росла в цене. Затем интерес к бумаге затухает, она дешевеет, но через некоторое время те же каналы опять дают рекомендации по ней. Использовать для «пампа» чаты в телеграме еще проще: после вброса можно удалить не только все сообщения в чате, но и аккаунт «агитатора» за скупку акций, а то и весь чат.
Конечными заказчиками таких постов может выступать кто угодно. Например, это могут быть акционеры, когда они готовят бизнес с малоликвидными акциями к SPO, говорит один из управляющих активами в частной УК. Также это могут быть менеджеры компаний, чьи бонусы привязаны к росту капитализации, сказал источник, близкий к ЦБ. За информационными манипуляциями — например, вбросом информации о грядущих больших событиях, благодаря которым эти акции подорожают, — часто стоят покупатели и продавцы, уже совершившие сделки, говорит Леонид Делицын, аналитик ФГ «ФИНАМ».
Организовать памп-кампанию в российском сегменте Telegram оказалось на удивление просто, но для этого корреспонденту The Bell пришлось пойти на журналистский эксперимент. Вот как он выглядел:
С этой легендой за три дня корреспондент The Bell сформировала контент-план стоимостью до 6 млн рублей на декабрь-январь. Разместить наш пост оказались готовы десятки популярных телеграм-каналов. Суммарный охват постов составил бы более 1 млн потенциальных инвесторов. До размещения, по условиям эксперимента, дело не дошло: переговоры прекращались на моменте согласования финансовых условий.
The result of the experiment
Каждый новый способ манипуляции рынком — хорошо забытый старый. В 2000-х годах площадками для этого в России были интернет-форумы, напоминает Валерий Лях. Но после скандалов с продвижением неликвидных акций, вроде медиагруппы « Война и мир », « Тучковского комбината » и « Живого офиса », когда ЦБ блокировал операции и счета их сотрудников за вброс ложных позитивных новостей, таких историй стало меньше.
Услуга «автоследования» — это способ инвестирования, при котором желающие за комиссию подключаются к стратегии условно-опытного и условно-успешного инвестора и автоматически повторяют его сделки на своем счете, — начала набирать популярность еще в 2015 году. Но после появления набора правил для построения таких сервисов этот рынок тоже стал более цивилизованным, отмечает Лях. Находчивых трейдеров должно было отпугнуть возбуждение уголовного дела в отношении трейдера Элвиса Марламова, которого ЦБ обвинил в инсайдерской торговле.
Новости в Telegram, которые создаются и распространяются для манипулирования рынками, начали появляться примерно с 2018 года. В практике регулирования юрисдикций США, Канады, Великобритании и других стран такой вид манипулирования называют «выражением немотивированного суждения» — и он считается недобросовестной деятельностью. В России такие правила пока не установлены. Но в марте ЦБ объявил, что впервые выявил кейсы с публичными призывами к изменению стоимости на рынке ценных бумаг в телеграм-каналах и их чатах. В результате, по словам Ляха, было заблокировано около 100 счетов тех, кто призывал «загнать» бумагу. «Это был хороший урок рынку», — полагает он.
ЦБ предлагает людям самостоятельно решать, кому доверять. Пару лет назад на основании этического кодекса международной Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA, которая выдает сертификаты финансовых аналитиков) был разработан «Кодекс финансового аналитика», а Национальная финансовая организация (НФА) создала реестр публичных аналитиков.
Но теперь специально для авторов постов, которые двигают рынки, ЦБ хочет ввести обязательную маркировку для публичных финансовых рекомендаций, написанных не профессиональными аналитиками, рассказал The Bell источник, близкий к регулятору. Пока идея в стадии проработки, а анонимные телеграм-каналы продолжают набирать подписчиков.