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Russian propaganda works on the model of American propaganda in Iraq. Analysis

Studies of communication theory were analyzed in detail how the propaganda of the war in Iraq, organized by the administration of George Bush at the beginning of the 21st century, was arranged.

The main task of the propagandists is to include the intentions and actions of the authorities in a certain “frame” (cognitive stereotype), which would justify them in the eyes of the voter. The method of analyzing frames and related narratives (justifying stories) is well applicable to today's Russian propaganda.

The American authorities were prepared very carefully: after all, it is impossible just to attack someone else’s, albeit not the most beloved country from the bay-baraikh bay, not justifying it.

Our authorities were prepared X, in the early days of “special operations”, the propagandists rushed from one version to another - but in the end they stopped at the proven cliche.

No matter how strange it may sound, but the comparison of the Bushev and Putin propaganda causes intellectual pleasure.

The justification of the war in Iraq with frames begins:

1 . The Fram of Self-Defense is in this case the struggle against the threat of prohibited weapons and terrorism (due to the connection that allegedly existed between Iraq President Saddam Hussein and the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization, responsible for the September 11 terrorist attack. Later it was proved that these statements were based on a conscious disinformation distributed by the Bush administration).

Russian propaganda used as a threat and justification of the “special operation” a threat emanating from NATO countries, which Russia allegedly prevents by “special operation”.

2 . The second frame that was launched in the United States (after the truth is, when Saddam did not have a mass defeat) - this is the “Frame of the liberation of the Iraqis from the dictatorship, the democratization of the state”.

In Russian propaganda, this frame sounds from the very beginning under the name "denacing." The same “liberation”, but only from the Nazis who have seized Ukraine. At the beginning of the campaign, they also began to use the narrative of revenge for the Donbass (famous 8 years), but over time they refused it (below I will try to explain why). Putin’s speech in Luzhniki in March of this year on the occasion of the anniversary of the annexation of Crimea is based primarily on the framework of liberation.

3 . In the United States, the Fram of Victory was connected at the next stage. This was done as soon as the first successes of the military operation appeared at the very beginning - Baghdad was captured.

Russian propaganda also had such a workpiece, and it was even accidentally published on the RIA Novosti website. However, the situation for the Russian military at the beginning of the special operation did not work out like American in Iraq. Therefore, the narrative of “Victory” was used quite limited: applying for censorship that prohibits even hints of defeat, any advancement deeper in Ukraine is submitted as a victory. But the Russian leadership cannot do without a complete filling in this framework. Therefore, goals are being reviewed and new narratives are being introduced at the XD: the size of the territory, which, which, occupying, the Russian authorities are ready to declare victory, was reduced all the time within 60 days of special operation.

4 . At some point, the Americans began to receive the corpses of the military. This required its propaganda explanation - the victims became a reason for patriotism: we will send the new military to protect and justify the military feat of their guys.

Russian propaganda acts approximately the same. Patriotism in Russia justifies economic problems.

To survive the second 90s, which used to be intimidated and whose names were screwed up-this is a patriotic feat for the sake of those most described above: self-defense, liberation and victory.

Why is propaganda so much? Of course, it can be assumed that the Russian “Solovyovs” wrote everything from the American. However, another explanation is possible here.

The fact is that any framework in propaganda is based on basic political emotions (fear and enthusiasm, rise) and the political values ​​of the nation.

The emotions of fear both in American propaganda and in the Russian, are primarily exploited by the framework of self -defense (in America - from terrorism, in Russia - from NATO), and enthusiasm - the frames of liberation, victory and helping their own.

Emotions, as many scientists have proved, is the main driving power of politics. Emotions are much stronger than rational arguments. And if they are skillfully applied to the explanatory events and supporting emotions of the frames - no rational arguments and facts for overbringing do not work.

Therefore, in principle, Russian propaganda should not be so afraid of independent media. Any revealing facts are crashed on a successful framing.

Scientists have proved: people are looking for and accept only those facts that confirm the picture of the world that already have already established.

But back to values. American propaganda was based on the value of personal security, on the value of democracy, as well as their support. And, of course, the value of America as a great power.

In Russia, propaganda in the same way is based on the values ​​that are already in society and which, accordingly, interpret. This is the value of the country's security, its greatness, the value of the world without Nazism (no matter what it means). Well, the value of "do not throw our own."

However, propaganda from the very beginning went on thin ice, because in the whole history with Ukraine there are dangerous values ​​and emotions that could outweigh the bowl. First of all, it is a “war” as an unconditional anti -prize brought up among Soviet generations. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use this word in relation to events in Ukraine. The Kremlin understands the destructive power of this word in relation to those frames that they built.

The war is the strongest frame that causes fear, which is not directed to a military enemy, but to the one who unleashed the war.

The second destructive frame is “a nuclear blow, an atomic bomb”. This is the fear that completely blocks the fear of the threat of NATO, because earlier (in Soviet times) they went in one bottle: NATO threatened the USSR with a nuclear war. Today, nuclear weapons in combat readiness were brought by Vladimir Putin with his decree of February 27, 2022. It was because of the strength of the Frame and the powerful fear that he generated by Russian propaganda quickly abandoned the pedaling of the theme of nuclear weapons. This messenger worked well on the Western audience, in many ways tied hands with the governments, but they tried to forget about it inside.

Well, briefly about the value of revenge. They also rely on her, but, it seems, not very much. Still, revenge has a contradiction with the image of Russians as generous and kind people. Therefore, they use the framework of salvation rather than revenge.

The cynicity with which propagandists both in the USA and in Russia use the fears and values ​​of people is amazing. But the situation in Russia looks sadder than what happened in the USA.

At some point, even in the United States there were almost no voices against the Iraqi war-such was the power of successful Freiming. But still, political and media competition once again saved America. Little by the elite, contrasting Bush, were able to create another image of war-as destruction, death and invasion of the affairs of another country.

In Russia, many opponents of the authorities are either forced to emigrate or sit in prison. Cruel measures are introduced against another opinion and freedom of speech.

This makes the situation in Russia much more difficult. To destroy the frames imposed by propaganda, there are no serious resources yet (this does not mean that there is no need to at least try).

Therefore, only a serious cognitive dissonance can change the existing picture of the world (as it was, for example, during the First World War). Cognitive dissonance between a media -picture and a propaganda explanation and the real life of a person. In other words, in order to see the current events in another light, to give them a more objective assessment, Russian society will have to go through a disaster: with military failures, deaths of loved ones, an economic and, most importantly, moral collapse. Go through the disaster to understand its man -made and perniciousness.

This article was written in the Saxarovo specialist, where the author was serving a 30-day administrative arrest.