"Only for the Slavs"

In the Russian market, xenophobia flourishes. How does Dagestan anti -Semitism differ from Caucasophobia in Moscow?

The real estate market for modern Russia has been over 30 years old. During this time, it changed for the better: electronic housing bases appeared, many legal issues were settled, apartments and houses have become better. Only the Russians who are still looking for signs of “wrong nationalities” are still looking for signs of “wrong nationalities”. Moreover, discrimination and xenophobia becomes only larger: to the traditional conditions “only for the Slavs” and “except the Caucasus and Central Asia”, “I will not surrender to the Jews”. The "cold" analyzed the level of xenophobia in the housing market and found out how it is justified by realtors and apartment owners.

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In the largest real estate market in Russia - Moscow - there was a long -standing tradition to discriminate against residents on an ethnic basis: the capital's owners were never shy to include the phrases “strictly for the Slavs”, “not the Caucasus and not Asia” and the like in the ads. According to the results of the sensational study on the inelerance of the Muscovites of the Arandor, conducted in 2019, about 14% of the announcements of the rental of real estate for rent were Xenophobic.

In St. Petersburg, this figure was 3.6%, in other cities-at 5%. The authors of the study then noted that "the cost of affordable options for" non -ally "is higher than for those who are lucky to meet the requirements of lessons for appearance and nationality."

The resonance led to changes, although not immediately. In 2021, the largest online base of real estate-cyan-banned direct and indirect discrimination in ads for housing, including phrases similar to the "only Slavs." Now the text of the announcements “ should not contain direct and indirect discrimination, as well as oppressing the face and the motivation for discrimination, based on the race or ethnicity (including such signs as skin color, ethnic and national origin, citizenship and religion).” Inaccurate owners were then given two months to correct the texts of ads. Currently, in the database, according to the analysis of the "cold", there are no descriptions of housing containing words with the root of the "Slavs".

Another popular base - Yandex Real Estate - also prohibits posting information, "which can be regarded as discrimination or insult." Discrimination is “refusing to cooperate on the basis of prejudices regarding the race, ethnic or national affiliation, citizenship, religion, gender, marital status, profession, place of residence and work.” You can not refuse to the tenants because of their political beliefs.

It is difficult to establish a share of landlords with illegal requirements: formally there are no such at all, but the point on the impossibility of settlement of people of one or another nationality can still be voiced verbally. It is still possible to find texts with a well -known phrase “only Slavs” in the Avito base less popular among tenants.

In total, it has about eight thousand announcements on the rental of apartments in Moscow. Of these, in more than 300 (almost 4%, according to the analysis of the “cold”) there is the word “Slavs”. Also, for this request, announcements are looking for, which indicates the desired nationality - Russians (“Russian family”, “only to Russian” and the like). In St. Petersburg, this figure is 6%, in Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg-about 9%, in Nizhny Novgorod-above 15%.

"For the sake of Allah, do not surrender"

The references of Israel, Jews, Zionists in ads from the listed cities in large bases could not be found. But they can be found in the local Internet charts of Dagestan-the republic, where the most loud anti-Semitic action of Russia was held- the airport’s pogrom . So, in the group "Real Estate of Dagestan" in Telegram, a participant with nickname X writes : “I will sell an apartment on the ground floor. The price is 11 million (all except Jews). ” The message scored more than 20 likes. A certain Timur offers a plot for 950 thousand rubles, noting that he will also not sell it to Jews.

“I will rent an apartment on them. Shamilya ( Avenue in Makhachkala. - Approx. “Cold”) , I won’t give up Jews, ”Y writes . Another participant expresses a desire to rent an apartment, emphasizing that he is Avar. “For particularly gifted wise men who think Jews are filming, advice to you: expand your narrow horizons of thinking,” the tenant recommends. In the group “Housing Question 314” anonymous, however, does not hide, however, calls his phone number, calls not to rent apartments to the Israelis.

“For the sake of Allah, the people of Dagestan. My people, do not rent apartments, at home to Jews, ”he asks. In the “Rent of apartments in Dagestan”, the house for 21 thousand rubles a month in Makhachkala is offered by the owner who does not want him to be worried about “foreigners, Jews, with cats-cats and large families”. In the same chat, the owner is looking for a new apartment for his residents, indicating that they are "not Jews, ours." Several calls not to hand over housing to Jews are published in the telegram community "I will take off/hand over in Makhachkala."

To understand the behavior of the owners and their reasons for anti -Semitism, the "cold" talked with some participants in the real estate chats of Dagestan. It turned out that residents of the republic are acutely react to current events in the gas sector. “People think that it will be in Palestine, so they don’t give up,” the participant of one of the chats explained.

“I personally do not rent an apartment, but if I had rented out, I would not have handed over to the Jews for any money. Because these are people who support genocide in Palestine, ”another noted.

“God, let them go to Moscow, what's the problem? There is not enough space? Million city, apartments with a rampart! Go there, take off there. Do not stick to us in the republic, you will not accept you anywhere! And this is not only in Makhachkala, it is in the entire Caucasus. We will continue to drive these patilates in the neck, ”another participant in the chat promised. He later added that the Israelis should "sit in their Israel, their people are fighting, let them accept this war with dignity."

There were less radical respondents who stated that a wave of hatred of Jews in the Caucasus was rather a competently played performance. “This is all hypocrisy, rent apartments to everyone. This is today's topic. If only the money was given to our housewives, and there at least a Tryn-grass. The people just like to PR, they are engaged in showing a show, ”one of the inhabitants of Dagestan said in a private conversation.

Another currently located, according to him, “in the zone of Svo,” noted that 80% of residents would have rented apartments and Jews in reality. “People see what is happening, how to bomb, hundreds of people die,” he wrote. “And social networks present them that Jews are doing it.” And there are videos: the Jews say that soon the second Israel will be in Dagestan ( the "cold" could not find confirmation of the existence of such rollers ). Based on this, they from experiencing, from excitement, from pain in the heart from what is happening do not rent apartments to the Jews. ” The interlocutor of the publication added that he personally “not the Nazi” and does not support “what was at the airport [Makhachkala].”

In the neighboring Chechnya, after the pogrom at the Makhachkala airport, the authorities called for the stop of the shares related to the war in Israel, and not to project the actions of the Israeli authorities on all representatives of Jewish nationality. Such a statement was made by the Minister for National Policy of the Republic Akhmed Dudaev, promising to stop “provocative actions”. In the Chechen publics, the “cold” failed to find ads on the delivery of apartments containing anti -Semitic attacks.

From a legal point of view of such announcements (as well as ads with the “Slavs”), in principle, there should not be: Article 19 of the Constitution says that the state guarantees the equality of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen “regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official position, place of residence, attitude to public associations, as well as other circumstances”.

On the other hand, the owner of the housing has the right to dispose of him, in particular, to lease, on his own conditions. But these conditions still cannot contradict the current legislation. Article 5.62 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) provides for administrative liability for discrimination: a fine of 1-3 thousand rubles for citizens, 50–100 thousand rubles for legal entities. The amounts, especially for individuals, are obviously small, therefore often discriminated do not go to court, preferring to simply find another housing with “normal” owners.

Don't come to my house

Moscow landlords mainly rent apartments with the help of realtors, and they have to explain the facts of discrimination “not Slavs” in the ads. The most popular justification is “these are the requirements of the owners.” Most are limited to this short phrase, units find the strength to apologize. Some require additional details about tenants: if they are not Slavs, then where. “Ukrainians - yes [we will pass], Dagestanis - no,” one of the agents noted. Private realtors admit that there is discrimination on a national basis in the Russian rental market.

“Nothing has changed to a large extent. Why? Stereotypes and established practice. If discrimination occurs outside the public field, then no one violates anything. To rent your property for rent or hiring is not an obligation, but the right of the owner. You should not focus on the Russian market - this practice is common in most countries, ”one of the Moscow realtors told the cold. Another noted that employers choose housing, and the landlords - residents. “Everything is honest and no discrimination,” he emphasized.

Another realtor said that “not the Slavs” (specifically - representatives of the Caucasian republics and Central Asian countries) most often rent apartments in the lower price segment “under slaughter”. “This category pays more than the Slavs, but at the same time, any person understands that the apartment will be Brukhan,” he explained.

“The surge is precisely the rejection in relation to people with Ukrainian passports is unambiguously, but there is an obvious attempt to protect themselves on the principle of“ no matter what happened. ” And I did not meet people who rent housing according to the Israeli passport. Even those who have dual citizenship are removed in any case according to the Russian passport and usually in the upper part of the price segment, and there is another approach, ”the specialist added. In his opinion, it is impossible to completely eradicate discrimination in the housing market.

Many maclers consider the screening of tenants according to a number of signs, including national, justified. According to the Moscow realtor with 14 years of experience, often the owners do not want to populate foreigners-and not because they are foreigners, but because of the difficulties with payment of housing, with registration, with control (it is more difficult to find a foreigner if he removes furniture from the apartment), as well as due to the difference in mentality.

“For example, the Hindus for the most part love incense, which are very poorly weathered, and Europeans will pull the owner for each sneeze: change the light bulb, nail the shelf,” she explained. - In general, I believe that there is no discrimination. One could talk about her if there were areas where there is no access to any particular group of citizens. However, we see that everyone can rent an apartment in the location in which they want, if only there was enough money. ”

Everyone suffers

In reality, the manifestations of discrimination by nationality, gender, age, the presence of children or animals, faith, sexual orientation and other signs are found in real estate markets around the world. Somewhere they are discriminated in open form, somewhere quietly. And, oddly enough, tenants do not always in the role of a victim of discrimination - the owners of real estate can hardly outline.

This happens, in particular, in Israel. According to a study published in 2020 by Professor Shakhar Sansani from the University of Pacific in California, the United States, landlords who are Palestinian Israeli citizens (that is, a minority), receive fewer requests from potential residents than Jewish lessons. During the experiment, 248 fictitious announcements were published on renting apartments, half of them on behalf of the owners with Jewish names, half from imaginary Palestinians. As a result, Jewish landlords received 36% more requests than Palestinian owners.

In Europe, under the blow, guests are more likely, not the owners. The European Union Agency for Basic Rights found that immigrants from Africa living in the EU are still faced with racial discrimination. 23% of the study participants said that private homeowners refused to give them housing because of their racial or ethnicity. When it comes to an attempt to rent housing from state organizations, this indicator is reduced to 5%. In general, 31% of the respondents said they came across discrimination when trying to buy or rent housing. The share of the victims has grown in recent years - in 2016 there were 21%of them. The most tough hosts in Finland, Austria, Belgium and Ireland.

In the United States, discrimination on the level of income, namely those who receive financial support from the state are common. Such tenants make only part of the rent, the remaining share is covered with a housing voucher. In this case, the owners do not lose money, but they have to fill out additional documents. In addition, they are afraid to reduce the solvency of tenants in the future.

In Malaysia, the Indian to tenants-the descendants of Indian immigrants who arrived in the country to earn money at the time when both Malaysia and India were colonies of Great Britain are unlikely . Directly in the UK, the competition for competition and markets last summer announced the intention to investigate cases of discrimination of employers who receive benefits, as well as tenants with children.

It was, is and will be

In connection with the newly flared conflict in the Middle East, one could expect an increase in the number of episodes of frank discrimination of the Jewish tenants, but there are no such statistics in the world capitals yet. The Jews, however, more than went to the past centuries: at different times in almost all countries of Europe they were ordered to live in a ghetto.

In the Russian Empire and the USSR, anti -Semitism flourished and was almost always accompanied by the seizure of “wrong” nationality from citizens, including housing. In the 21st century, probably for owners of real estate and landlords of all religions and worldviews in the first place, profit. In this regard, Russia, obviously, is somewhat lagging behind developed countries: the behavior of many housing owners is still determined by ethnic stereotypes and state propaganda.

According to the Levada Center survey , only 14% of Russians were ready among Jews by 2022. Also, citizens of Russia with the Chinese are not particularly striving to close up (8%would agree to this), with dark -skinned (7%), with Tajiks and Uzbeks (7%), Ukrainians (10%; it should be borne in mind that this is an indicator before the start of the war). Sweet neighbors would have only 6% of citizens, Chechens-8%. More than half - 57% - Russians believe that the presence of migrants in their cities is excessive. 41% believe that visitors live better than the Russians themselves.