Translated material
“There is nothing to exterminate from Christ because of Christ.” How in the struggle of the Bolsheviks with a Christmas tree a new year familiar to us was born
Before the new 1936 year, the Christmas tree appeared to the USSR citizens from nothingness: no one knew how to celebrate it in a Soviet way, and the authorities diligently pretended that the previous eight years had not fought with her.
“Parents, do not confuse us - do not make Christmas and Christmas tree”, “Raise the children with the help of a teacher, not God”: pupils of the Moscow kindergarten at the anti -Restification demonstration, 1929
Photo: Wikipedia
In the past few years, the protection of traditional values has become almost the meaning of the existence of the Russian Federation. At least, finding a group of politicians known to all at her helm. This struggle is very convenient: it does not imply a clearly set goals, neither understandable results, nor established terms of implementation. So to protect something that was declared traditional, you can endlessly, regardless of methods and costs. As if trying to reach the administrative borders of the partially occupied Donetsk region of Ukraine.
Is it possible in principle to measure the tradition of society? Obviously, the indicator is not the most convenient for analysis cannot be reduced to the prepared type of tables, diagrams and graphs. However, markers showing how to deal with the continuity of generations within a particular country. One of them is a list of non -working holidays approved by the state. In the end, which can be better to say about the traditions of a particular people than the reasons for which citizens can indulge in fun, legally postponing all the affairs until tomorrow?
So, in the Russian case, despite all the statements of officials about the inexhaustible wealth of domestic history, with the origin of such dates, everything is not so hot. Truly live celebrations come from the depths of centuries, but from the post-war Soviet Union, whether it be International Women's Day, Victory Day or New Year. It is strange to recall, but the main day in the calendar of modern Russia until 1947 was not a weekend at all.
Moreover, back in the 1930s, the authorities mercilessly fought with the celebration of the date. For several years, a strict ban acted even on Christmas trees in houses, and in 1936 the Stalinist regime sharply appropriated this custom for himself, making the mandatory today. Apparently, this is the real domestic tradition: all the established can be prohibited at any time, and everything forbidden is rehabilitated, but with the arrangement of the necessary ideological accents.
Happy hunger and returned the Christmas tree to the children
Each time has its own hero. At one time, Mikhail Lermontov wrote in a preface to the novel of the same name: “Portrait, but not one person: this is a portrait composed of vices of our whole generation, in their full development.”
In the 1950s, such a hero, when rehabilitation of victims of the Stalinist repressions, Nikita Khrushchev prominally tried to imagine Pavel Postystyshev. The new head of state brought a party shot in 1939 as an example of an undeservedly affected by a real Leninz . Here, of course, personal experiences could not but have been able to affect. In 1938, the rising Khrushchev picked up a candidate in the Politburo precisely for the falling posture. The new status was a springboard for the further career of the Secretary General.
Apparently, deep down, Khrushchev realized that under certain circumstances, he could separate the fate of Postyyshev himself.
And so in the biography of Pavel Petrovich Postystyshev it is difficult to find a certain Nibelung fidelity to the teachings of Lenin-Marx. Rather, this is an example of a typical Bolshevik, hesitated with the party line. A native of a poor family, poorly educated, who participated in repressions in the civil war, then he led the Revilbunal of the Bolshevik government of Siberia .
In 1933-1937, the peak of Postyushevsky achievements became work in Ukraine - the Bolshevik served as the second secretary of the local Communist Party. Pustyshev, initially a critic of continuous collectivization, once again in his career changed his views. He, like other Stalinist emissaries in Ukraine, did everything so that the republic fully fulfills the dragon plans for bakery, albeit at the cost of millions of human lives. Along the way, the real Leninets actively participated in the suppression of national culture: he cleaned the writers who wrote in Ukrainian, turned the Ukrainian seal, and covered Ukrainian-language schools.
Sovetskaya Mark 1968 with Pavel Postrovoshev, the incorrect date of death was indicated, in reality politics was shot a year earlier
Photo: Wikipedia / Ussr Post
However, in Kyiv, Pustyshev managed to prove himself as a sentimental fighter for children's joys. In December 1935, he achieved the incredible - the rehabilitation of the Christmas tree, with which the previous eight years of the Soviet government waged a merciless struggle. Of course, the sophisticated party man correctly picked up the words: there was no talk of any spraying with the previous attribute of the priest, he proclaimed a new Soviet Christmas tree.
Joseph Stalin personally approved the idea - it acted at a very suitable moment. Just on November 17, 1935, at the All -Union Congress of the Stakhanovites, historical words broke out: “Living has become better, comrades. Live has become more fun. ”
“If you remember this, then the reason for the return of the Christmas tree becomes more understandable. According to Soviet ideologists, the Christmas tree, like much more in the pre -revolutionary culture, could serve to strengthen the winning regime, returning to people the usual joys of life. ”
- Elena Dushechkina, researcher of Soviet everyday life
Party scurrying Postyusheved only later. It, if you put it in Stalin again, overtook your dizziness from success. It was rumored that in Kyiv, where the Bolshevik served as the first secretary of the regional committee, his portraits were hung more often than the actual head of state. This, coupled with the old bonds of a party member with a defeated Bukharin opposition and decided the fate of the Savior of the Christmas tree. On February 26, 1939, Zostyshev, one day with his wife, was shot as a member of the "right -trapian organization."
And the new tradition in return for the abolished holiday continued to live. It’s just that no one remembered the Khrushchev thaw to the Khrushchev thaw - it was supposed to believe that all these are the fruits of concern personally to Comrade Stalin, the best friend of Soviet children.
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