In Switzerland, there is a summit in Ukraine. What to know about him

Moscow and Kyiv are competing for the “oscillating countries”, the withdrawal of Russian troops is not yet discussed, Putin’s plan is considered a provocation

On June 15–16, in the Swiss city of Burgenste, a summit is undergoing a summit on the achievement of peace in Ukraine, with which Russia has been waging a full -scale war for more than two years. 100 delegations participate in the summit, which includes 57 chapters of states and governments, as well as representatives of the European Commission, the European Parliament, the UN, the OSCE and the Council of Europe.

The organizers, the authorities of Switzerland, want to achieve the beginning of a peaceful process between Russia and Ukraine. “This requires the most wide participation of countries and the development of a general understanding on three topics: nuclear and food security, as well as the exchange of prisoners and the return of Ukrainian children,” the government of the republic said before the summit. The main reason for the summit was the peace plan of the President of Ukraine Vladimir Zelensky, consisting of ten points. On the eve of the event, Vladimir Putin, who did not receive an invitation to Switzerland, presented his “peaceful plan” - both Kyiv and other countries did not take him seriously. Will this summit help Ukraine? What aspects necessary for the end of the war remain outside the discussion? Read more-in the material of "New-Europe".

Who came to the summit and who stayed outside of him?

In total, 160 countries were invited to the summit, and Kyiv hoped that all the leaders of the participating states would gather. However, only 57 chapters arrived - among them, in particular Argentina, Albania, Great Britain, Germany, Georgia, Jordan, Spain, Italy, Catar, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Somalia, Finland, France, Sweden, Estonia, Ecuador, Japan.

The US is represented by Vice President of Kamal Harris. On the first day of the summit, she announced the allocation of 1.5 billion dollars for Ukraine: the money will go to energy and humanitarian aid. The absence of Biden should not be perceived too seriously. He just, on June 13-15, was present at the G7 summit in Italy and signed a bilateral 10-year security guarantees with Zelensky. According to the document, the United States will continue the training of the Ukrainian military, expand cooperation on the production of weapons and military equipment, as well as extend the provision of military assistance and the exchange of intelligence.

Another 30 countries sent a delegation of the ministerial level to the meeting - for example, Armenia, Australia, Hungary, India, Iraq, Jordan, Mexico, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Turkey. Brazil, Indonesia, Israel, South Africa and the UAE sent officials a rank below as messengers from their countries.

It is important for Ukraine to enlist the support of not only traditional allies, but also the countries of the "global south", for which the same Russia is fighting.

China, Pakistan, Egypt, Algeria, Vietnam, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus will not participate in the summit.

Russia was not invited to the summit. Switzerland has repeatedly spoke about her readiness to call the Russian Federation to the summit, but representatives of the aggressor country, according to the organizers, "have repeatedly stated that they were not interested in participation."

This is true: Putin’s spokesman Dmitry Peskov called the Summit “absurd gathering”, doomed “for a fairly empty pastime”.

The Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov urged “not to succumb to the pressure of the United States and their satellites”, and also stated that the summit is needed only to “develop and present an unacceptable ultimatum” to Russia. " Vasily Nebenzha at the UN Security Council called the Summit of the “pseudomir” conference without “added value”.

Nevertheless, at a summit in Switzerland they will discuss how and when Russia can be included in the peace process. Kiev admits the participation of Moscow in the second such summit, but only under certain conditions: if the countries that share the plan developed by Ukraine and its allies will be ready to convey developments to the Russian Federation, and the Russian side "will not dictate their conditions, but listen to the community."

Why does Ukraine accuse China of trying to disrupt the summit?

China refused to participate, explaining this by the fact that the format of the meeting does not "correspond to its expectations from the international community." According to the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mao Nin, the country insists that both Moscow and Kyiv participate in the discussion.

On the issue of Russia's war with Ukraine, China is still one of the main neutral sides. In an attempt to enlist the support of China, Putin arrived a month ago on a visit to Xi Jinping. Prior to this, the Chinese leader spent a week in Europe, where he once again said that China is neither a participant nor a side of the conflict.

Zelensky in June stated that China helps Russia to disrupt the “peace summit” in Switzerland. According to him, the Kremlin threatens many countries participating in the conference, food blockade and increasing energy prices. What exactly the countries, he did not specify.

“Russia, using Chinese influence in the region, also using Chinese diplomats, does everything to disrupt a peaceful summit. <...> Unfortunately, it is insulting that such a large independent powerful country as China is a tool in Putin’s hands, ”the Ukrainian leader said.

What is wrong with Putin's plan?

Putin, in the midst of the G7 summit, and on the eve of a peaceful conference in Switzerland, formulated his requirements to start negotiations with Ukraine. He clearly indicated that he was ready to stop at the capture of the Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporizhzhya and Kherson regions within the administrative borders of the regions at the time of the collapse of the USSR in Ukraine.

Putin demanded that Ukraine abandon plans to join NATO, acquire a “neutral, non -block, miraculous status”, and also ensured Russian -speaking rights, passed “denacing”, “demilitarization” and “adoption of new territorial realities”.

In addition, Putin demanded that all sanctions lift from Russia. He did not provide any guarantees that Russia will not start a new war.

Zelensky called Putin’s plan “an ultimatum who cannot be trusted,” and emphasized: “He will not stop. This is the same thing that Hitler did. We should not trust this message, ”said the Ukrainian leader.

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that he considers Putin’s demands to be a plan “involving an even greater occupation” of Ukraine. “This proposal testifies not to the goodwill, but about the desire of Russia to achieve military goals,” he remarked.

The leaders of the G7 countries did not at all discuss Putin’s proposals about the peaceful settlement of war in Ukraine, because “everyone knows that they are not serious,” said German Chancellor Olaf Sholts. “Putin showed that he was really interested in: a classic imperialist seizure of land,” the German leader added.

The representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry Maria Zakharova in response scared the summit participants by the fact that they can supposedly “slip” general offers, and then demand significant amounts for their implementation. She said:

“Want to save the world - discuss the proposal of Vladimir Putin. The Russian President said everything and showed the real way to the world. Only those who do not want peace can not understand, they can not understand. ”

What of the "formula of the world" of Zelensky is being discussed, but what is not yet?

For the first time, Zelensky formulated part of the points to achieve peace in September 2023, during the appeal to the UN General Assembly. A few months later, at the G20 summit in Indonesia, it expanded the list.

1. Radiation and nuclear safety. It is assumed that nuclear power plants should work safely under the control of Ukraine, and Russia should withdraw troops from the Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant.

2. Food safety. Free shipping in the Black and Azov Seas, restoration of Ukraine’s control over its ports.

3. Energy safety. Protection of the energy sector objects by air defense systems and their restoration after Russian attacks.

4. The release of prisoners and deported persons. A complete exchange of prisoners, including civilians and children forcibly moved in the Russian Federation.

5. Restoration of the territorial integrity of Ukraine within the framework established in 1991.

6. The withdrawal of Russian troops and the cessation of hostilities.

7. Restoration of justice. Russia should be held accountable for all violations of international law in Ukraine, as well as compensate for the damage.

8. Environmental safety. Russia's responsibility for environmental damage, in restoration and reconstruction.

9. Prevention of the escalation of war and repetition of aggression. Ukraine should get clear, positive obligations and security guarantees.

10. Confirmation of the end of the war and the creation of mechanisms for preventing aggression in the future. The end of the war is confirmed at a peace conference with the participation of a wide range of states that take part in the implementation of the "formula of the world".

Apparently, at the summit in Switzerland they plan to discuss only three points out of ten. One of the first project to the Communist was published by the Japanese state television and radio company NHK, which learned that in the final joint statement there would be no call for the conclusion of the Russian troops.

The summit participants plan to make a joint statement only about:

• safety of nuclear power plants;

• food security;

• the release of all captives and the return of deported children.

The draft joint statement also states that all parties should take part in the achievement of peace, and emphasizes the importance of Russia's participation in further discussions.

According to the channel sources, the remaining points from the Formula of the World of Zelensky were excluded from the Kommunik project after taking into account the positions of some countries of Asia and the Middle East. Kiev confirmed that only three points from the "Formula of the World" will discuss at the summit.

“We take out three points that unite all countries. Because many countries that balance between Ukraine and Russia say - well, there are complex things that are not resolved without Russians, ”Zelensky explained.

Just due to the fact that the Summit is currently present in the country's Russian-Ukrainian war-India, Indonesia, South Africa, Malaysia and the Gulf of Persian monarchy-should not wait for more specific statements following the results of the meeting in Switzerland, Medusa said Senior Researcher at the Research and Development Cepheus Cepheus.

“It is likely that the final document of the summit will contain the general principles with which all present countries will agree. But between the adoption of a communique and the implementation of these principles will be a long way, ”the expert believes.

Decisions on three points will be transferred to Putin through intermediary countries, the BBC interlocutors say . Such states will conduct “mediation between Russia and Ukraine” according to the scheme, which in the past worked in negotiations on the creation of a “grain corridor”.

What kind of cereal corridor?

On July 22, 2022, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN concluded a "grain deal". The parties agreed to create a safe sea corridor for the passage of commercial vessels with grain from Ukrainian ports of Odessa, Black Sea and South. The transaction has been suspended since July 18, 2023 at the initiative of Moscow.

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