Shakal hunting

Terrorist No. 1 asked Putin to provide him with Russian citizenship

30 years ago, on August 15, 1994, one of the most famous terrorists of our time was transferred to the French authorities - Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez, better known as Carlos Shakal. Levoradical organizations around the world consider Carlos as a hero, although at one time he was expelled from the Communist Party of Venezuela. Ilyich Sanchez performed tasks of various terrorist organizations, from the “Black September” and the People’s Front of the Liberation of Palestine to the “Red Army of Japan” and the “Irish Republican Army” (Ira). On his account are dozens of dead civilians and hundreds of military, police and public figures. The attacks organized by him in about half of cases were quite successful. The French authorities sentenced him to three lifelong terms. This does not prevent Carlos Shakal from hoping for liberation. In 2018, he wrote an open letter to Vladimir Putin with a request to allow him to accept Russian citizenship. Ilyich Sanchez has not yet received an answer.

With the Communists is not on the way

Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez was born on April 12, 1949 in Karakas (Venezuela). His father, Jose Altarskia Ramirez Navas, in his youth studied at the Catholic priest, but once saw how the bishop responded to him in the early morning left the room of his niece and realized that there was a huge abyss between real holy and current priests. Since then, Jose declared himself an atheist, became interested in Marxism-Leninism and became a lawyer. The study of the works of Marx and Lenin was so deeply impressed by the lawyer that he named his three sons in honor of the leader of the world proletariat: the eldest Vladimir, the Middle - Ilyich, the youngest - Lenin.

In 1962, his father sent Ilyich to the Fermin Toro Lycée school in Karakas, known for his extreme left glances. In 1964, at the age of 14, Ilyich joined the organization "Communist Youth of Venezuela" (analogue of the Soviet Komsomol). Since 1965, he began to take part in demonstrations and riots on the streets of Karakas. This participation attracted the attention of the Venezuelan police to his family. In August 1966, Elba Maria Sanchez (the mother of the future terrorist) divorced her husband and moved to London with her children, and in 1968, Father Ilyich achieved her sons to the University of Friendship of Patris Lumumba peoples in Moscow. It was there that Sanchez met Mohammed Budia, an active member of the Popular Front of the Liberation of Palestine (NFOP).

As Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez himself said in 2017, Life.

In 1969, he participated in an attack on the Iranian Embassy in Moscow: the mission building was thrown with bottles with Molotov’s cocktail. And he was arrested by the police.

“The Kremlin ordered me to free me because I was under the protection of Venezuela,” Ilyich recalled in an interview. - I advocated an armed struggle, for the commander of Douglas Bravo. He is our historical leader, a real communist, a revolutionary, a true leader. ( Douglas Bravo died on January 31, 2021 from coronavirus infection. - Approx. Ed. ) Then I was invited to the People’s Front of the liberation of Palestine - this was done by one Christian from Jerusalem, with whom we studied at the university together. We went by train to Jordan, after which we, along with 17 other people, including my brother Lenin, were sent from the Soviet Union. This happened at the end of June 1970, during the period when the KGB tried to recruit me. Then I started - and continue to this day - to fight for the liberation of Palestine and fight for the world revolution.

Just like his idol Douglas Bravo (was expelled from the Communist Party of Venezuela in 1965), Ilyich was expelled from the "communist youth of Venezuela." This entailed the expulsion from the university, and then Ilyich did not extend the visa. After expulsion from the USSR, Ilyich Sanchez left for Lebanon and became a student of Vadi Haddad, who was called the “inventor” of theft of aircraft terrorists.

From 1970 to 1971, Ilyich Sanchez is trained in NFOP training camps. He learns to own weapons, subversive business, camouflage, secretive penetration into the premises and planes, detecting surveillance, secret -painting, etc. It shows so good success that Huddad personally assigns to him the call sign “Carlos”.

The birth of a jackal

In 1971, Carlos went to London and was subordinate to his old acquaintance Mohammed Budia, who at that time oversaw the activities of the NFP in Europe. Ilyich Sanchez advanced after the death of Budia in June 1973. In December 1973, he made an unsuccessful attempt to kill Joseph Edward Schiff, President of Marks & Spenser (the largest clothing manufacturer in the UK) and honorary vice president of the British Zionist Federation.

In 1974, Carlos, together with Palestinian Mohammed Mukharbale, organized explosions from the offices of three news agencies sympathized with Israel. The bombs exploded at 2 a.m. in the morning (four explosions were planned, but one device did not work) and no one was injured. And then Khaddad recalls Carlos from France and recommends helping the Red Army of Japan in the capture of the French embassy in the Hague (Netherlands). The capture of the embassy was a success, but negotiations with the France authorities came to a standstill. To spur the French, Carlos blew up a fragmentation grenade in a shopping center in Paris. Two people died, more than 30 were injured. For this attack, Ilyich Sanchez was sentenced in 2017 to the third life sentence.

In November 2011, Carlos Shakal gave an interview with the Spanish newspaper El Nacional, in which he claimed to be involved in more than a hundred terrorist acts and at least one and a half thousand deaths. Only 10% of them were random victims, about which he is very regretted.

Ilyich Sanchez did not tell the details of the terrorist attacks to which he had to do. However, a terrorist No. 1 was performed by one operation: the seizure of ministers of the OPEC member countries in December 1975 in Vienna.

But this terrorist attack was preceded by two events that influenced the future life of Carlos. In June 1975, the Lebanese Security Service arrested Mohammed Mukharbal and transferred it to the French special service DST (Department of Territorial Supervision). The Palestinian did not play the hero and “surrendered” those with whom he organized shares in Europe, including Ilyich Sanchez. But further events simply do not fit into the prevailing algorithm of how the special services “work” with suspects in terrorism. Only three DST and Mukharbal employees went to the meeting with Sanchez, who did not remember the address of the apartment in which Sanchez lived, but could show visually.

The French security officers by that time had already known that Ilyich Sanchez was involved in an attempt to capture the El al Evle aircraft at the Eli International Airport (Paris) in January 1975. But either they did not take him seriously, or they did not really believe that Sanchez would be in the apartment, and therefore the three of them went. But Carlos was exactly where Mukharbal brought DST employees. The “guests” called the party, Carlos opened the door, instantly assessed the situation and shouted to pass, disappeared into the apartment. After a couple of minutes, he returned with two pistols.

Having shot two French counterintelligence and Mukharbal, Ilyich Sanchez disappeared. After his escape, the apartment was carefully searched and found the book by Frederick Forsyt "Jackal Day", on the fields of which Carlos made notes.

One of the journalists immediately drawn a parallel between a fictional and real killer-so Carlos became Carlos Shakal.

Help "New-Europe"
The novel of the English writer Frederick Forsyt “Jackal Day”, published in 1971, talks about how members of the ultra-right French organization OAS (consisted mainly of the former and current military personnel of the French army, who were in a tough opposition to Charles de Hell, mainly due to the fact that the French president initiated a certain Killer by the nickname A jackal for the murder of President de Gaulle. The book was stunning success. I collected a lot of bonuses and is still included in the top 100 best detective novels of all time.

In October 1975, in Yemen, Carlos Shakal accepts Islam. Later he will say that it was a forced measure, but in the future he was imbued with faith.

“Although I was born in a Catholic country and my mother was a deeply believing Catholic, I was not a Catholic,” Sanchez told the Life to the Life, in 1975 in Yemen I became a Muslim. This happened a few days before my birthday, our commandos was in Nairobi, and, as usual, all our commanders were Arabs. One is a shis, all the rest - Sunnis. And there was only one Christian. We then attacked the aircraft of the airline El Al, flying from South Africa. There was a problem that we had to go to Somalia to escape, and we could shoot welicopters along the road. We were all in Yemen, and one of the comrades said that it doesn’t matter if we die: we will die like martyrs. “But what about Salem? - answered another comrade. “He's not a Muslim!” As a commander, I needed me to take them with me to heaven! So I became a Muslim. Then it began, then there were questions ... I really became a Muslim later and was able to understand some things.

The attack on OPEC

After the murder of two French security officers and Mukharbal, Carlos Shakal was hiding in Beirut for some time. Then he moved to the GDR, and from there to Hungary, where he planned the operation to seize the headquarters of OPEC ( the organization of exporting countries, in those years, the organization totaled 13 members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar and African countries: Algeria, Nigeria, Gabon, Libya, as well as Venezuela, Indonese and Indonesei and Indoneseis and Venezuens. Ecuador . Direct preparation, which lasted several weeks, took over the German Hans-Joachim Klein.

Based on the observation and photographs taken by Klein, Carlos Shakal developed a terrorist plan. On December 21, 1975, the OPEC office included six terrorists. Weapons: two machine guns, nine pistols, eight hand grenades and almost 20 kg of explosives - they carried in bags. Once inside, Ilyich Sanchez took out an automatic machine, but suddenly came across resistance. The policeman Anton Tichler, who stood nearby, knocked out the weapon out of the shakal's hands and tried to detain him. Gabriel Tidemann-Kreher, nicknamed Nada, who shot a policeman from a pistol, came to the rescue of Sanchez. A panic began in the lobby, and the terrorists proceeded to the elevators and calmly climbed the floor, where a meeting of ministers of the OPEC countries took place. Having burst into the hall, Carlos Jackal opened an erratic shooting from the machine gun. A member of the Libyan delegation and the bodyguard of the Iraqi Minister died immediately. After that, the rest of the hostages, there were 62 people, including 11 ministers, did not even think about resistance.

The terrorists installed explosive devices on the doors and along the perimeter of the hall. Klein controlled the approach to the hall from the elevator. He was the first to meet the arrived police officers. While the terrorists mined the hall, one of the secretary managed to call 911.

The police opened fire on the move, injuring Klein. They tried to break into the hall, but at the entrance they were met by Carlos Jack with a remote control in their hands. He shouted that if the police did not get out, he would press the button - and half the building, along with the ministers, would fly into the air. The police retreated, taking the wounded Klein with him. When he was carried to the ambulance, the terrorist managed to photograph the reporter, and so his personality subsequently managed to establish .

After a terrorist act at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, when almost all hostages died as a result of the non -professional actions of the German police, the terrorist threat in Europe was already perceived by real.

There were no methods for the fight against terrorism, and the Austrian authorities, trying to avoid victims, simply fulfilled all the requirements of terrorists.

On December 22, a completely seasoned plane was waiting for Vienna and his accomplices at Vienna Airport. Klein was delivered to him from the Vienna Hospital. Before that, Ilyich Sanchez freed half the hostages, but took all the ministers with him. The plane flew to Algeria, where ministers were not released from the Arab countries, but the German was taken to a local hospital. After that, having refuel, the plane with the remaining hostages flew to Libya. Carlos Shakal said that he would release ministers in their countries after these ministers throughout the country read out an appeal in support of the Popular Front of Palestine.

However, something went wrong, and the plane returned to Algeria. After several days of negotiations, Carlos and his people paid a ransom for ministers. The amount of ransom has not yet been disclosed, but most often the figure of $ 50 million sounds. The Algerian authorities refused to issue Carlos, Klein and the rest of the action participants returned to the European authorities. Despite the fact that Carlos himself considered the terrorist attack a failure (it was not possible to travel with ministers and read the manifesto), he was considered a hero in Palestine, he entered the leadership of the NFP and no longer took personal participation in terrorist attacks, but only planned them.

Successful terrorist attack, unsuccessful outcome

On June 27, 1976, the combined brigade of terrorists, which included 2 NFP members and two representatives of the German “revolutionary cell”, was captured by the Air France plane, which followed the Tel Aviv-Afi-Parizh route.

“The fact that the Germans took part in that famous capture of the aircraft, says that Ilyich Sanchez took part in the planning of the attack,” said the Israeli historian Yitzhak Kazinski. - The organizer was Vadi Haddad, but it was Carlos who was responsible for European contacts. Although Haddad himself often visited socialist, including the GDR, he maintained contacts at a higher level. He could not know useful performers personally, but he knew everyone.

That capture went down in history, not only because several artistic and documentary films were shot (one of them was even nominated for an Oscar), but also because the state structures first proved: there is an antidote against terrorism.

After the capture of the aircraft, the terrorists sent him to Bengham (Libya), where the plane spent several hours (the first hostage was released there, which began to birth), refuel and flew to Uganda. After landing the aircraft at the Entebbe Airport (near the capital of Uganda Campala), four more joined four terrorists. The hostages with Israeli passports were separated from the rest of the passengers and moved into a separate room. The remaining passengers of the aircraft, 101 people, flew away on the Air France aircraft that arrived behind them. The commander Michel Bako and crew members refused to fly away, saying that they were responsible for all passengers, and while some of them are in danger, the team should remain nearby.

The terrorists demanded the release of 53 prisoners, members of the German radical groups "RAF" and "Movement of June 2" contained in prisons of Israel, Kenya, Switzerland, Germany and France. Otherwise, they promised to kill all the remaining hostages - 105 people.

The deadline is July 1, 1976.

The deadlines were transferred to July 4 - this gave the Israeli army to prepare an operation to liberate hostages. At 23:00 on July 4, the S-130 Hercules aircraft with a hundred special forces, a chic “Mercedes” (he was supposed to imitate the car of the President of Uganda Yida Amina) and several BMPs on the sides landed at the Antebbe airports. According to the military intelligence of Israel, in the Entebbe area there were at least 21 thousand soldiers of the Ugandan army, 267 units of armored vehicles and 50 MiG-17 and MiG-21 aircraft.

The operation, preparation for which took only two days, consisted of two stages: the first - the release and removal of hostages; The second is not to give the Ugandan migam to pursue Israeli planes. The group of Israeli commandos was led by Lieutenant Colonel Yonatan Netanyahu, the brother of the future prime minister of Israel.

The hostage exemption operation was not without sacrifice. Three hostages were killed during a shootout of Israeli military with terrorists and Ugandan soldiers. When the remaining hostages were already accompanied by airplanes, fire on them was opened from the dispatch tower. The special forces immediately response of the fire, but one of the Ugandan bullets hit the throat of the commander of the special forces of Netanyahu, who died a few minutes later from the loss of blood. This was the only loss of Israeli special forces in that operation. 102 The hostages were released and returned home, there were no one to pursue Israeli planes, since at the airfield a cover group of large -caliber machine guns shot at least 25 mits, creating a real chaos at the airfield. Через час после начала операции последний израильский самолет покинул аэропорт Энтеббе.

Спецоперация Израиля вызвала серьезный дипломатический скандал. Уганда обвинила израильских военных в нарушении суверенитета страны и нарушении международных норм. Совет Безопасности ООН, созванный по требованию Уганды, не принял никаких документов, осуждающих действия Израиля. А до террористов стало доходить, что по правилам с ними больше играть не будут.

В марте 1978 года в ГДР умер Вади Хаддад. По официальной версии, от лейкемии, по неофициальной — от… шоколадных конфет, подаренных Моссадом. После смерти учителя Карлос Шакал отдаляется от НФОП, но не от террористической деятельности. Теперь он работает на тех, кто готов заплатить деньги за его навыки организатора терактов. Его подозревали в причастности к взрыву на радио «Свободная Европа» в Мюнхене в феврале 1981 года. А также к ряду взрывов во французских городах в период с 1982 по 1984 годов. Этими терактами Карлос Шакал пытался добиться освобождения своей любовницы, немецкой террористки Магдалены Копп, которая была приговорена к 4 годам лишения свободы за подготовку теракта, освобождена в 1985 года, после чего переехала к Ильичу Санчесу в Сирию, где они официально сочетались браком.

«Все дела сфабрикованы»

Карлос Шакал был задержан властями Судана, где он жил с 1990 года, в августе 1994-го. 15 августа суданские власти передали его Франции, где против Ильича Санчеса было выдвинуто обвинение в тройном убийстве (двух сотрудников DST и Мухарбаля).

— Не французские службы меня остановили, — рассказывал Карлос Шакал. — Тогда в Судане находился глава антитеррористического центра ЦРУ Кофер Блэк, они следили за Усамой бен Ладеном. В конце концов Судан продался за саудовские деньги. Это Саудовская Аравия платила, не ЦРУ. Судан согласился выдать американцам четырех человек. Первый из них — бен Ладен, второй — Имад Мугния, третий — я, четвертый — Абу Нидаль.

Французы не могли меня экстрадировать, потому что во Франции на меня ничего не было, все дела против меня были сфабрикованы, в том числе и «дело улицы Тулье»

(на этой улице была расположена квартира, в которую пришли Мухарбаль и сотрудники DST). Это такая игра: американцы отдали приказ министру внутренних дел Франции Шарлю Паскуа — с которым у нас были контакты, о чём американцы не знают, — прислать самолет с генералом Рондо на борту, американским агентом, отправленным президентом Миттераном в DST, чтобы он был на виду у американцев. Они прилетели и посадили меня во французский самолет, который доставил меня сюда. Когда я вышел из самолета в Вилакубле, офицер разведки сообщил мне, что я арестован. Меня не экстрадировали во Францию, меня просто незаконно вывезли.

23 декабря 1997 года Ильич Рамирес Санчес был признан виновным в тройном убийстве и приговорен к пожизненному лишению свободу. 16 декабря 2011 года Санчес был признан виновным в четырех взрывах на территории Франции в 1982–84 годах, в результате которых погибли 11 человек и более сотни были ранены. Приговорен ко второму пожизненному сроку. В марте 2017 года суд признал Ильича Санчеса виновным во взрыве в торговом центре Парижа, в котором погибли два человека и были ранены не менее 30. Так Карлос Шакал получил свой третий пожизненный срок.

В мае 2017 года шесть российских писателей (Александр Проханов, Герман Садулаев, Игорь Молотов, Исраэль Шамир, Андрей Рудалев и Сергей Петров) написали избранному президенту Франции Эмманюэлю Макрону письмо с просьбой освободить Ильича Санчеса. Комментируя это письмо, Санчес заявил:

— Мы всю жизнь боролись с террористами, с Израилем, с Моссадом, с правительством США. Всех, кто сражается с империалистами, обвиняют в терроризме.

Я не террорист . Террорист — это тот, кто использует методы террора, но у термина «террорист» ограниченное значение. Революционер-коммунист зовется сталинистом, а не террористом.

Но мне плевать, если меня считают террористом. По правде сказать, даже сегодня я навожу страх на некоторых людей.

После того как от Макрона не последовало никакой реакции, Ильич Санчес сам обратился к президенту России Владимиру Путину с просьбой предоставить ему российское гражданство. Может, и его обменяют? Но ответа Путина пока не последовало.