Vertical wear

The passenger elevator that has worked out their term can easily be launched for a second term. And if there is no replacement?

The deadline for replacing passenger elevators that have worked their age is extended for 5 years. The delay is given to bring the elevators in line with the technical regulations of the Customs Union. And simply put, replace old and worn out structures with new ones. In this and - "correspondence." But the process does not go.

It has become bad not today

The Ministry of Construction “offered” the elevators requiring repair, tolerate and work for another 5 years. No, this is not a directive of the department, but a joke on the aneconom of the day, which received a wide walk. Not very funny, but incredibly vital.

Three years ago, numbers were published in the press, convincingly showing how complicated the situation in the elevator economy was. Moreover, on the scale of the whole country. At least 11 regions were completely unimportant. Three and even beyond good and evil: outdated lifts in the Samara, Ulyanovsk and Yaroslavl regions at that time were more than half. About a year ago, we wrote about a nine -story apartment building (MKD) in the center of Samara, which was commissioned in 1968. Overhaul from that time in it was not carried out. And the elevators in all five entrances (for the standard design is 25 years) skated twice and went to the third. Such long-lived designs are not uncommon for the city. The elevator economy has not been engaged in decades here.

Three years ago, the profile commission of the Public Council under the Ministry of Construction persistently recommended Mordovia, Astrakhan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Smolensk, Ulyanovsk, Kursk and Ivanovo regions to pay special attention to the replacement of elevators.

Time passed, it didn’t get better. Say, in the Crimea, in the very near future, 80% of all elevators have reached the age of age! In Udmurtia, the weighty part of the equipment exceeded the 40-year threshold.

According to Rostekhnadzor, the life of each fifth elevator in the country has expired.

Obviously, we have practically reached the bottom. It would be pushed out ... and understand what numbers you can operate today, speaking of replacement. “40–45 thousand elevators are the maximum amount that was produced per year in the last five -year plan,” explains the general director of the Russian Lift Association association Petr Kharlamov ( this is the total amount made for replacing old structures and for new buildings. - O.P. ). - But the case is in the ratio: we change the elevator insufficient pace. The maximum that came to is 19 thousand in 2023 (we are talking about elevators made exclusively for replacement). This is not enough. In total, 605 thousand elevators are in the housing stock, of which 50 thousand have already worked out the appointed service life. And 60 thousand will work it until 2030. In order to change the same 110 thousand in five years, we must produce 25-30 thousand elevators per year. ”

From the moment of ordering equipment before its supply, it takes from three to six months, the same amount is required for installation.

Substitute

In the distant 2016, the Lift Management Commission initiated a project to accelerated the replacement of elevators in 50 regions of the country. Seven years later, the chairman of the Public Council under the Ministry of Construction, Sergei Stepashin, said that 32,736 elevators were updated under this program. However, it is clear that it is difficult to cope with the solution of this problem independently. Federal budget funds are necessary both for the program to replace elevators and to support domestic manufacturers. If they do not allocate them in the near future, experts warned, after 2030, 75% of the overhaul program will take to replace the elevators.

Just the situation with elevator equipment is an accurate diagnosis that this program is failed, the leader of the Yauvododa All -Russian movement Sergei Krekov is sure. Of the 110 thousand elevators requiring replacement, less than half is included in the overhaul programs. It is understandable: too expensive.

Most of the contributions collected for overhaul are replaced by the replacement of the lifting device. It is necessary to take into account the current disproportion: the program is 10 years, and in order to replace the spent elevator equipment, you need to save at least 10-12 years.

Hence the conclusion: people physically did not manage to collect the necessary. In this case, they can easily get into the debt pit.

This is exactly what happened to one of the apartment buildings (MKD) in Chelyabinsk. The new lift cost 28 million rubles. By then, only 10 million had accumulated by the house. Another 18 million residents should remain.

It is with special counts that the situation is the most difficult. “If the elevator has already worked out the appointed service life,” continues Peter Kharlamov, “the owners, unfortunately, remain without any support. Neither municipal authorities, nor regional or federal ones help help. And with a boiler method of accumulation, the issue is resolved due to the fact that neighboring houses, including new buildings, are thrown into the general fund. If we are talking about 110 thousand elevators (to be replaced), then 436 billion rubles are needed to replace them. For the repair of 47 thousand elevators on special accounts, it is necessary to collect 188 billion rubles. This is a very large amount, of course, there is no way to do without state support. For our part, we have repeatedly turned and turn to the government for co -financing. ”

Not a bottom or a tire

The situation is close to chaos. Replacing old elevators is lagging behind. One of the reasons is the absence of a single federal body that would control the process.

The responsibility of departments for solving a sharp problem was blurred for a long time - this is recognized by the officials themselves. In the fall of 2023, according to the law adopted by the State Duma, Rostekhnadzor took over the control of elevators. And there is still no organ that would be responsible for renewing and modernizing the entire sphere of housing and communal services. But there are something to do with excess departments with excess.

And now the people's deputies turn to the government with a proposal to finally determine the separate structure to the communal sphere. In their opinion, this should speed up the solution of issues. And experts assure that there is no money for the maintenance of such a structure. And for what she is responsible if there is no information about the state of housing and communal services in general and the elevator economy in particular. The deputy head of the Ministry of Construction Konstantin Mikhailik last year admitted that officials do not understand to the end that they have in their hands: "... we do not understand the wear of elevators, what real we have, how much we have in elevators, how it is controlled."

When there is no primary information, it is very difficult to work, the deputy minister stated.

Meanwhile, in accordance with the technical regulation of the Customs Union, worn-out mechanisms at the time of February 15, 2025, it was necessary to decide. But

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) last November made serious adjustments to the regulations. As a result, the deadline for replacing the elevators of elevators in Russia was extended until February 15, 2030. We received a delay for as much as 5 years.

But documented does not mean to use safely. Is there enough strength to work out to work out a period not provided for by operating conditions initially? That is, excess. Or will the elevators stop? “We cannot say this now. To stop elevators or not, Rostekhnadzor decides, - explains Peter Kharlamov. - Its employees are determined and even in one of their letters said that the elevators are subject to decommissioning. We really hope that this will not happen, this is still a very serious social question. ”

Financial surveys and digital novels

With the extension of the regulatory terms, the financial component of relevance has not lost. Be that as it may, over the past 10 years, according to the head of the Union of Housing Organizations of Moscow, Konstantin Krokhin, the Ministry of Construction has not bother to organize the process of production of elevators in sufficient quantities, and also did not ensure the finding of the necessary finances. What amounts are we talking about? When replacing the elevator, it is necessary to purchase the equipment itself, dismantle the old structure and mount a new one. This is about 4 million rubles (on average in the country).

Svetlana Pravorotneva from the State Duma Committee on Construction and Housing and Public Utilities claims that almost 22 billion rubles are needed to solve this problem in the three -year perspective. If you do not allocate this amount now, after 3 years it will be needed many times more. At the start (that is, in the coming year), 5 billion will be required, and then - in increasing. Following this scheme until 2030, you can bring all the elevators to a normative state.

“We proposed to make some additions to the Decree of the Government No. 1744 (“ On the Organization of the Safe Use and Contents of Elevators ”) from 2023,” says Peter Kharlamov. - according to elevators that will work out their term in March and in the following months, conduct a full examination, in which the expert decides whether it is possible to extend their service life. First for three years, then for two more, but in total for a period of no more than five years.

- And here we again return to the main question - about the stock of strength.

- It is necessary for each specific elevator to individually decide how much it can still be worked, or it must be stopped literally tomorrow. This will be determined by the expert based on the results of a complete survey of the structure.

- Your proposal met support?

- Yes, now it is being worked out in Rostekhnadzor. Initially, the initiative came from the Ministry of Construction. We hope this issue will be resolved promptly. But it is difficult to guarantee, any bureaucratic wires may occur.

And they may not arise, because we now have a “beginning of all the principles” - an action plan for the development of the elevator industry of the country approved in high offices. Or, as it is customary to say, a “roadmap”. In general terms, we denote its content. From reasonable: it is supposed to combine the production, installation and maintenance of elevators as part of a single contract. From other things: it is planned to strengthen the control of Rostekhnadzor, the introduction of an electronic passport system, the launch of the elevator registry and digital service to monitor their condition. As one of the experts noted, the designs are old, and they will monitor them in a new way. And it is unlikely to turn out cheap. But then in the spirit of the time - before replacing it, certainly digitized. A single service (when it is launched) is designed to monitor the technical condition of elevators throughout the country and on the basis of this to issue analytical forecasts. The breakdown is still expected, and we have already prepared for it - something like this will look. Regarding the registry, officials assure that it will help to increase the safety of the operation of elevator equipment.

And most importantly: the whole process will become as operational and absolutely transparent as possible, according to officials. It remains to collect, create, establish and launch the service of the future. Who will take him? It is still unclear.

The implementation of the project will require considerable funds that, I note, are not enough for more mundane things - replacing specific elevators.

But much more owners are worried about something else. It would be strange if the process of putting in order of the elevator did not hit our wallets.

In November last year, the Ministry of Construction prepared changes to the housing code, which also provide for the establishment of a differentiated contribution for overhaul. For residents of houses with an elevator, they are offered to increase.

This will help to solve the problem with a lack of funds to replace lifting devices, whose service life is coming to an end. In addition, there is talk about putting a fee for an elevator in a separate receipt.

In the fall of 2022, the Ministry of Construction invited until the end of the year to find a decision on how to speed up the replacement of elevators. And the head of the department Irek Fayzullin, speaking in the Federation Council, reported 26 enterprises capable of producing about 70 thousand elevators per year. A little earlier, the representative of the Ministry of Industry and Trade Valery Piven stated that there are no lifts for high -rise buildings (at a speed of up to 2.5 m/s), the capacities of Russian factories allow you to completely close the needs of the domestic market.

Last fall, new generation high-speed passenger elevators spoke at the press conference “Evolution of Housing and Public Utilities”. It turned out that not everything is so smooth. How? “We have a sufficient number of Russian elevators of elevators - more than 30. Of these, 10 are large and medium -sized enterprises that can, in principle, completely close the country's needs both in replacement and the construction of new elevators,” says the head of the Russian elevator association (RLO). “If you do not limit the competition and development of small and medium -sized enterprises, in the total amount they can do about 60 thousand elevators per year.”

Domestic manufacturers really increase volumes. For the first half of the 2024th they produced almost 13 thousand elevators. According to Rosstat, this is 9% more than a year earlier. In the summer of 2022, the Shcherbinsky elevator plant announced the beginning of the production of elevators for the capital's heights. And a year later, he already received the first profit after bankruptcy. This is one of the largest manufacturers of freight and passenger elevators in the country. In addition, the company provides installation and maintenance. The production volumes of the Serpukhov elevator plant in January increased 2.5 times compared to the same period last year. And in March, the production of elevator equipment will be launched in Samara.

Changing does not mean starting

The replacement (or repair) of the elevator is far from always its working work. Here are just two stories.

In Novosibirsk, at the end of 2023, the overhaul of four elevators (produced by the Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant) in houses on the streets of Vatutin and Nemirovich-Danchenko was carried out. Now tenants are trying to understand what it was, if it was better not. “Quite often, an emergency stop of elevators occurs,” says a representative of the local HOA Lyudmila. - One of the common reasons - a cable breaks. Yes, and how he does not break if he is much thinner than during the operation of the previous elevators of the same factory. ”

But if in this case we are talking about repair, then new designs were rapidly out of order in St. Petersburg. One of the inhabitants shared the details: “In our apartment building (7 floors, 2 entrances) in April 2024, the capital repair fund began to change the elevators that have survived the established deadline. The contractor was the manufacturer himself - the Shchelkovo elevator plant. Nine months later, the elevators launched. At first they constantly broke. And now both elevators are stopped due to a malfunction. We are waiting for a warranty repair. ”

According to experts, billions of rubles are plundered annually in housing and communal services - these are non -personal use, and postscript, unreasonable accruals, and fictitious work, and theft.

Last year, more than 420 thousand violations of the law in the field of housing and communal services were identified, more than 1,200 criminal cases were instituted.

And then there are elevators.