Translated material
Men's tablet against pregnancy
American scientists have presented a contraceptive for men. The new non-hormonal contraceptive was called the YCT-529-it restrains the production of sperm, while maintaining normally the level of hormones associated with sexual desire. The drug has already been tested on mice and monkeys and did not find any side effects. Last year, research began in public. Magic male tablet - in the material " Cold ".
Scientists have come up with a contraceptive for men, effective by 99%. Is it safe?
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Men now have only two ways to control the risk of unwanted pregnancy: condoms and vasectomy. Theoretically, condoms are effective in 98% of cases, if you use them correctly. In practice, people make mistakes, so they protect from pregnancy only in 87% of cases: annually 13 women out of 100 are pregnant if they rely only on condoms.
The second method of contraception is a vasectomy . This is a simple operation under local anesthesia: the doctor makes small incisions on the scrotum, finds tubes along which spermatozoa (vasation of the ducts) moves, cuts them and ligates the ends. At the same time, the operation does not affect sexual desire and erection, and if desired, a man can return everything back (but there is a risk that it will not work). According to Russian laws, a vasectomy without medical indications can only be made to men over 35 or fathers of two or more children.
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For women there are about 20 methods of contraception , one of which is hormonal tablets . They block ovulation - the output output into the fallopian tube. The tablets have a lot of side effects , ranging from nausea to the risk of thrombosis and increased load on the liver.
YCT-529-tablets for men who test scientists- do not contain hormones, which means they do not reduce testosterone levels: sexual attraction and erection are preserved. If the drug successfully passes in public, then it will be the first contraceptive that men can take.
How will the "male tablet" work?
Back in the 20th century, scientists learned that with a deficiency of vitamin A in the body in men, viable sperm are not produced in men. Only spermatogonia remains in the testicles - the initial cells that stop at an early stage of development. When vitamin A appears again in the right amount, the process starts again: the cells begin to grow and turn into mature sperm.
The active substance YCT-529 temporarily stops sperm production, blocking the receptor through which vitamin A. acts a key role in this process is played by retinoic acid-the active form of vitamin A. The drug acts as a selective inhibitor of the alpha retinic acid receptor (RARα): it violates the transmission of the signal from vitamin A and the cells no longer “see” it. As a result, spermatogenesis stops.
Scientists checked the action of the YCT-529 on males of mice and macaca-kraboeds: every day for four weeks they gave 10–20 milligrams of substance for each kilogram of body weight-and this was enough. Male mice became barren during the intake of the drug (in 99% of cases). In males, experimental macaques YCT-529 suppressed the production of sperm within two weeks after the start of admission (as far as it was effective in percent, however, scientists did not say).
As soon as experimental animals stopped receiving YCT-529, their reproductive functions were restored. The mice again became completely fertile for four to six weeks, and the macaques needed 10-15 weeks. In addition, the drug had no side effects.
When is the YCT-529 wait in pharmacies?
He is already tested in public. The first tests took place in June 2024 and showed positive results: men who took pills have suffered a well, which proves its health safety. The second phase of the study began in September last year in New Zealand: scientists are still observing the condition of 50 volunteers who were given an increased dose of the drug.
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Typically, the path of a new medicine for opening to entering the market takes from 10 to 15 years. For example, in the United States, where scientists are exploring the mechanism of action by the YCT-529, the drugs are held five stages of checking in the FDA-the state body, which is responsible for the safety of medicines. Now the YCT-529 is located at the stage of clinical research-this is the third stage of five.
After successful tests on animals and people, the manufacturer must contact the FDA so that his experts check the results of the tests. This is the fourth stage . Experts evaluate how the medicine acts, how it is done and what are its side effects. If the FDA suits everything, it allows the sale, although doctors continue to observe the safety of the drug even after its appearance in pharmacies (this is the fifth stage ).
This process is not blessed: the drug and its approval of the FDA are occupied by an average of 10 years, so you should not hope for the quickly appearance of the YCT-529 on the shelves of pharmacies.
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Photo: Komsan Loonprom / Shutterstock Author: Alexander Yastrebova