Martyshkin Pond

It is said that the champion of long-lived in the Union Council of Fisheries Ishkov, speaking in some high meeting with a report on the successes of the industry entrusted to him, proudly said that in our fish farms the feed coefficient is approaching 70. What the full of amazement of those who understood what was discussed. For, firstly, the farm is the more successful, the lower this index (it shows how many kilograms of feed are per kilogram of live fish), and secondly, for cold-blooded animals (which include all fish), it should be at least ten times less. Even if this story is invented, it sounds quite believable.

Aquaculture in the Soviet Union was, as a rule, by the side fishing, with the exception of the fisheries for breeding sturgeons (the natural spawning of which, located in the rivers of the Caspian basin, were ruined as a result of the construction of hydraulic structures, and did not want to lose the currency brought) and a few trout farms. Typically, fish were launched into the appliances of industrial enterprises, into the Prudykoproders of irrigation systems, into irrigation channels ... Sometimes fish production was not even the main goal of this operation. For example, the Far Eastern “underwater lawn mowers” ​​acclimatized in various parts of the Union - vegetable fish, thick -rolled fish and white Amur were primarily a means of protecting water bodies from overgrowing and only then with a food product.

In principle, the fish farm also admits such a strategy - the so -called “natural sucker”, when a person’s intervention is limited to the fact that young people are released in the reservoir, and then periodically caught. But at the same time, the fish grows very slowly and requires large areas. Even though such a technology is not too costly, in the USSR it was still used infrequently.

The main form of freshwater aquaculture in our country has traditionally been an open pond. This is a more intense technology: fish in such ponds are regularly fed, with special compound feeds. The costs, of course, increase sharply. But the fish faster the weight faster, and the increased “productivity” allows you to receive commodity amounts of fish in small reservoirs.

The growth rate of fish increases not only from the abundance of feed, but also from the increase in water temperature. The ideal temperature for the growth of fish in an open pool can be achieved in our conditions only in the hottest weeks of summer. In winter, the fish spends in half a buffet in special wintering ponds and does not actually grow at all. (The exception is all the same ponds -co -strokes, but there are just problems in the summer - the fish is too hot.) All this greatly increases the terms for its cultivation. In addition, the slower the fish grows, the higher the feed coefficient turns out to be.

However, according to statistics in the fish farms of the south of Russia, the feed coefficient was invariably higher than in the Non -City Earth. According to the theory, this simply could not be. But practices smiled knowingly: fish feed is excellent food for piglets, poultry and even dogs. And in the south, a well -known business, there are more personal farms ...

Marina Sukhanova can solve the problem of supplying large cities with fresh fish for further intensification of aquaculture - the transition to a closed production system, which has not yet received widespread in our country. The first in Russia began to use the trout factory of Alman, located in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow Region. (Alman began as a wholesale merchant of freshwater fish, he already owns one of the wholesale fish trade firms.) When the correspondents of the magazine visited him, they at first decided that they had stopped in the wrong place - at the indicated place was a shabby concrete barn. However, in a non -casual structure, a very modern production was discovered - a number of pools with a complex water circulation system, aeration, cleaning filters, temperature and chemical control. Here, fish are fed here not only with special feeds, but also in strictly defined hours. As a result, according to the head of the enterprise Sergei Novikov, the fish here. A square meter of area is produced a thousand times more than in ordinary pond farms. The trout at the factory of the company "Alman" is grown up to 250-300 grams (a five-gram maleck grows to this weight of 3-4 months). “This is the weight of a normal portion, restaurants and shops are happy to take such fish with pleasure,” explains Sergey Novikov. It is unprofitable to grow a larger fish, because it is more difficult to sell it as well as an expensive fish. “Karelia in open ponds raises trout up to two kilograms for several years,” continues Sergey Novikov. “But most of the trout has to be allowed for processing: it is salted and smoked.”

In addition, closed systems have their own Achilles heel: with such crowded fish, no filters can completely clean the water from the exchange products they secreted. Because of this, the growth of fish, starting with a certain size, slows down.

The power of the plant is designed for 100 tons of trout per year, but they are not completely loaded: the demand for expensive fish in Russia is very limited, and it is again not profitable to grow cheap according to such intensive technology. Soon, an eel will appear in the basins of the enterprise, which no one has grows in Russia yet.

I.r.