1812 Execution of the Male Conspiracy
205 years ago, on October 29, 1812, thirteen participants in the anti-Napoleonic conspiracy organized by General Claude-Francois Malet were shot in Paris on the Grenelle field. Malet, who for his republican views was kept in a mental hospital, prepared several forged documents: a message from the Senate about the death of Napoleon in Russia, manifestos about the removal of the Bonaparte family from succession to the throne and the establishment of a provisional government.