In Europe, the incidence of HIV infection continues to increase among the homosexual population, and in the East - among the heterosexual population An annual report from the European Center for Disease Prevention (ECDC) says annual HIV incidence rates continue to rise across the region, from Western Europe to Central Asia. This is partly due to the continuous increase in incidence in Western and Central Europe among gay men and men who have sex with men.

An Australian study found a variety of partnership types among gay men, although classic monogamy is rare Large-scale online surveillance in Australia shows that gay men have a much more diverse range of partnerships than previously thought, and are more free to combine different types of relationships.