How in the USA the knowledge of graduates of schools and applicants of universities is evaluated? Until the beginning of the 20th century, the order of entrance exams in higher educational institutions was the same as in the Soviet Union: each university examined applicants in his own way. At the end of the first decade of the last century, tests began to appear in the country, they were introduced very gradually, and they were widespread only in the second half of the thirties.

Other articles and programs here: Heroes of Yves Tolstoy Tolstoii@rferl.org

The contender for the post of Moscow mayor, oppositionist Alexei Navalny, claims that he and his supporters managed to collect about 85 signatures of municipal deputies and 49 more were received in the Association of Municipal Education of the city. For registration by the candidate, each applicant must collect at least 110 signatures of deputies from 146 municipalities in his support.

Protests in Pugachev (July 8, 2013) The Russian Investigative Committee believes that there was no national background in the murder of a resident of the city of Pugachev, the Chechen teenager. Speaking on Tuesday at a briefing, the deputy head of the Investigative Department in the Saratov Region, Sergei Kulapov, said that the conflict between young people lasted almost a week and was of a household character.

How to deal with corruption of officials? Executions with delayed performance as in China or by raising salaries as in Russia? The program “Face to the event” is the director for macroeconomic research of the Higher School of Economics, the former deputy chairman of the Central Bank of Russia Honorary Professor of the University University (China) Sergey Aleksashenko. Mikhail Sokolov is broadcast.

At the 53rd year of life, after a long illness , the founder and head of the Gramota.ru portal Alexei Kormilitsyn died. According to Gramoti.ru employees, all the services of the portal - a collection of electronic dictionaries, the reference service that answered 270,000 questions for 12 years of work, interactive dictations and textbooks - were created under the leadership of Kormilitsyn.

Boeing-777 crashed in San Francisco The actions of the pilots during the landing of the South Korean Liner Boeing-777 in San Francisco are the main object of attention of experts investigating the causes of the disaster. The American press draws attention to another aspect of the tragedy: the fact that thanks to measures to ensure the safety of the modern liner and the operational action of the crew and rescue services it was possible to avoid more victims.

At the place of the explosion in Beirut (July 9, 2013) During the explosion in the south of the capital, Lebanon Beirut, 53 people were injured, according to the latest data. According to doctors, serious injuries are not registered. The explosion occurred in the Shiite quarter of Bir al-Abed, where the offices of many political structures of the radical Islamist group "Hezbollah" are located.

In the west of Afghanistan, 17 civilians died on Tuesday, and five more were injured in an explosion of mines laid down at the roadside of the road. According to the GERATE PRODUCT, the explosion occurred when a motorcycle rode along the road connecting two villages, to which a trailer with women and children was attached. 12 women, four children and a male motorcyclist were killed.

The International Organization of Transparency International has published a new report called "Barometer of World Corruption - 2013". During the study, about 114 thousand people in 107 countries were interviewed. More than half of the survey participants believe that the situation with corruption in their countries has worsened over the past two years. A quarter of the respondents reported that over the past year they gave bribes.

Residents of the city of Pugachev of the Saratov region, protesting in connection with the murder of a local resident with a Chechen teenager, freed the Samara -Saratov highway on Tuesday evening. According to the police, the traffic on the highway is completely restored. According to RIA Novosti, a rally and blocking the track lasted no more than 40 minutes-due to heavy rain. A significant cork of cargo trucks was formed.

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Owners of Internet sites, based on court decisions, are required to delete information defaming information from comments on their resources. Such a decision was made on Tuesday by the Constitutional Court of Russia. It was noted that at present the norms of the Civil Code do not directly require the removal of the defamatory citizen of information and do not provide for liability for non -fulfillment of the requirements for deleting such information.

Russia did not receive an official notification from the UK authorities regarding the ban on the entry of Russian officials from the Magnitsky List, ”said the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry Sergei Lavrov on Tuesday. According to him, the authorities of the United Kingdom have repeatedly emphasized that they were not going to introduce any similar lists. Lavrov did not rule out that we can talk about provocation.

The European Court of Human Rights on Tuesday decided that the convictions of life imprisonment without the right to early release violates the rights of convicts. 16 of the 17 members of the judges decided that the prisoners must be granted the right to exemption and revision of the sentence. The court based in Strasbourg examined the lawsuit of three British prisoners serving a life sentence for murder.