Theoretical discussions of each of these concepts are many volumes. The combination in the nature of the laws of related, social, taxonomic is an extremely difficult set of problems. All the decisions coming to the head in the first 15 minutes were expressed more than a hundred years ago and stumbled upon counterarguments. And therefore, it is worth not rushing with answers, but carefully trace how the things that we denote different concepts are really intertwined in nature.

Photo by A. Ilyushin, 2009 alhajoth.livejournal.com In September, in clear evenings, in the courtyard of the Sternberg (GAISH) State Astronomical Institute, there was a line, as in the mausoleum. Only more fun. The Hamisans invited everyone to look at the sky with an armed eye. Clear weather did not always fall out, but about a third of the evenings stars shone over Gaisha to the delight of the joy. And there were a lot of them! On September 3, Gaish accepted more than 1000 people!

This material continues the theme begun in our previous publications devoted to assessments of the productivity and quality of scientific production of scientists from around the world based on formal indicators [1, 2] . Recently, the British weekly The Times Higher Education published fresh data [3] relating to the five-year anniversary of 2004-2008. and calculated, as before, based on information in The National Science Indicators (NSI) database maintained by Thomson Reuters.

Each year, the US National Science Foundation awards the National Medal of Science. Nominations are sent to a special committee consisting of 12 scientists appointed by the President of the United States and two government representatives, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Director of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. When the decision on the winners is made, the award is traditionally presented by the President of the United States.

In August of this year, an event occurred in Saturn, repeating once every 15 years. The rays of the sun fell on the plane of the rings of the planet-giant almost at the zero angle-and all the "bumps", the "roughness" of these rings, it became possible to consider. Especially if you look from close range. Fortunately, in this equinox in the vicinity of Saturn was the NASA Cassini probe. We will publish a photo selection of the best pictures of the equinox of Saturn in the next number of the TRV.

The Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin. Modern view. The great Novgorod is surprisingly harmoniously organized. In the very center of the city, opposite each other there are two majestic temples, about which we already wrote: on the Sofia side-Sofia Cathedral (TRV No. 33), and on the contrary-Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral (TRV No. 37). The edges of the city, up and down Volkhov, were framed by two monasteries with powerful three -headed cathedrals built at the same time with the St.

Lev Klein Very interesting questions were affected by the philologist and scientific journalist Olga Blaztyai in her article “Popularization of Interpreus ” (see TRV No. 15 (34) dated August 4, 2009, p. 3). These are questions about how to popularize the humanities and whether it is possible to create a special science magazine for them. The article makes a pleasant impression: smart and subtle analysis, good examples, an intelligent conversation - unobtrusive, readily accepting other views.

Preamble A letter has arrived to the editor. As can be seen from the following, the author took an active part in the first attempt at self-organization of domestic scientists, which took place at the end of perestroika. In this regard, it is interesting not only his memories of that attempt (which was negatively affected by perturbations on an almost planetary scale), but also his opinion about what can be done in this direction today. To the editor-in-chief "Trinity option" B.E.Stern.

Anastasia Kazantseva Formally, the work of a linear producer is to find people, to call them and organize shootings. There is a regulated list of tasks, and it is unbearably bored. If I were shown in advance, I would never go to work in "Progress". Fortunately, we wrote it together with the authorities at the request of the HR service after six months of my work, and it has little to do with reality. At least he has little to do with my reality-one of my colleagues may adhere to him.

Leonid Kostyukov The era of the exam has come. Tests come into fashion - some extreme and aggressive form of a written exam, designed to exterminate the human factor at that end of the wire at the stage of evaluation. The question is why. The answer is to destroy subjectivity and corruption. The answer is satisfied with only clinically gullible people, most of whom died out in the 90s.

There has long been a debate about which exam is better. Proponents of the written exam say that it is better because it can be: a) anonymous, where the evaluator does not know whose work he is reviewing, and b) the result of the written exam can easily be repeated independently. This principle is the basis for the administration of exams and written work in many British universities and in some Russian ones, for example at Shaninka ( www.msses.ru ).

Meeting of rector of Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University on August 12, 2009 (photo by N. Demine) So, the law on two universities passed the first reading in the State Duma. The innovations of the law are, on the one hand, in the provision of greater independence in the financial and educational areas, on the other hand, in the abolition of the election of rectors - they will be appointed by the president.

Irina Levontina There is an old joke. A person on the train reads a book, exclaiming in permissions: “Wow, you!”, “This is yes!”, “It cannot be!”.

Semen Petrovich Shubin (1908-1938) Improving the public structure with the help of revolutions is like repairing a spoiling TV, knocking on it with fists and stomping your feet on the floor. Sometimes it helps, for a while. Sometimes, however, there is nothing to lose. But then the TV still has to be thrown away. To shake society, to jam stagnant water, to initiate a monstrous surge in human activity ... This can be useful in many respects.

Announcement of the issue Is “dirty” fusion better than “clean” one ? For the past half century, physicists around the world have been struggling to curb the nuclear fusion reactions that make the Sun shine. talks about how to make a thermonuclear reactor even more productive Dmitry Dyakonov - pp. 2-3. Science in numbers Disputes about the productivity of Russian science are now in vogue. But debate can only be based on data.