To the basis

During the ongoing “reconstruction”, the monuments of history and culture of the 16th century were actually destroyed in the Krypetsk Monastery.

Memories from a trip to the John-Bogoslovsky Coopet Monastery undertaken by the Pskov branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of History and Culture Monuments (Vodopiik) on September 28, 2007, fresh, as "roses thrown into the coffin." This is not a false pathos - this is the only possible definition to everything what he saw there.

An alarming appeals to Vopiyik began to come from the spring of 2007. The scale of the new construction in the current monastery shocked even an inexperienced tourist in preservation of the historical heritage. It is the tourist (not at the pilgrim) now, unfortunately, that can arise a reasonable question: where is it here, my legacy? Where are the monuments of the second half of the 16th century: the bell tower, the refectory, the cathedral with the gallery adjacent to the belfry? After getting acquainted with all the updates, the specialists who came to the rats at the end of the past week tried to find answers to this question.

"Infinitive disposition"

The road to the monastery is difficult: some 22 kilometers a comfortable minibus overcomes an hour. The weather favors, except that there was a lot of dust, but after the rain of the road jelly, it would be worse. We’re going, not with a grumble. It brought the Monk Savva into this "wilderness of pine forests." And now it is a natural wilderness, although to all the benefits of civilization it seems to be a mobile phone “in the network of network action”, but already in the 15th century ...

Krypetsk Monastery has always been a place for a secluded and inconsistent life. Photo: Lev Schlosberg, 1981

How cold and scary could it be alone here. However, the Monk Savva, unlike us, the weak body and even weaker spirit, was not one. It was easy for him to sacrifice the convenience of life in the Pskov Snowogorsk Monastery and it was not enough to go into the monastery of the Monk Euphrosin on the River Tolvoy. The desire to serve the highest goal required complete solitude. Yes, exactly like that: the Rev. was desired by the feat of deserting.

Here we should self -critically notice that such thoughts during an hour's trip are by no means a special preparation for it. The memory of the Monk Savva Krypetsky is performed on September 10. The Pskov media consider the divine liturgy with a solemn prayer founder of the monastery, they consider it a worthy information occasion, while they do not forget to bring a brief retelling of the lives of Savva Krypetskiy. For two weeks, even the most oppressed bustle of memory can maintain this retelling in itself.

But, moving along the dark (even on a sunny day) forest on the way to the place of the feat and the rest of the Monk Savva, it seems that you always knew the history of the monastery. And on any night, wake up, you will begin to tell “your own words” that Savva came to Pskov from far land. Perhaps “from the Mount of Athos”, and, perhaps, from Serbian land, fleeing, like many Orthodox, from Turkish persecution.

Once again, you will remember that initially the future founder of the John-Bogoslovsky Propetsk monastery was accepted by the Snowogorsky monastery. But the liberty of life in the monastery close to the city, the monk Savva was not to her liking. And he went to the monastery to the Monk Efrosin (Eleazar) in the current Spaso-Eleazarovsky Monastery, where he was entrusted with the duties of a monastery servant. Savva served in the monastery zealously and humbly, and then, asking the blessings, he went into the rat desert.

He was saved there in prayer works, he did not eat anything except water and bread (and, as stated in the life, at the Wednesday and Fridays did not eat anything at all). But he was not given a completely hermit life. The Rev. wanted or did not want, but the glory of his humility, disinterestedness (“inconspicuous morals”) and works and works on the ground. Pupils began to flock from Pskov and surrounding places. By this time, the deserter built a small church in the name of St. Evangelist John the Theologian.

Not only students came to him, but also people from the world: Posadniks, boyars, pious Pskovs. He accepted everyone, helped with spiritual advice: “Thus, he arranged the salvation of many souls, and some of those who came to him did not want to return to the world anymore. Posadniks and boyars began to give property to build the monastery, but the Rev. refused to be abbot and entrusted the monk to the monk to the Cassian. ”

The “non -possessive disposition” of the Monk Savva has not changed, although there were enough funds in the monastery now. But in his cell there was still nothing but two icons, a mantle and the matting on which the Rev. was sleeping. And the brotherhood taught the same: “To what we call ancient ascetics to our fathers when we do not live their lives, as children should. They, homeless, poverty, spent time in the vertebra, in deserts and for the Lord with all its firmness conquered their flesh to the spirit, did not know peace either day or night. Beloved children of the good Lord, not with sounds and we will show our love for Him, but with deeds: love for each other, tears, fasting, all abstinence, as these ancient fathers committed. ”

Life tells about the miracles of healing that took place in the monastery at the living Savva, and that the already deceased did not leave the monastery with his protection. Once he appeared to the robbers who wanted to rob the monastery, and ordered them to repent. They repented. And their leader remained in the monastery. In the middle of the 16th century, the relics of the Monk Savva Krypetsky were acquired, Savva himself pointed to their place, appearing to the monk Isaiah. There was the founder of the monastery “tall, with a gray beard, like snow, round, thick and not very long” ... Rev. Savva was a beautiful person - in every sense.

But the monastery has not only a spiritual story.

Save and ... save?

Krypetsk Monastery knew different times. In his history there were flowering, and complete desolation, and insult, and the preparedness to death. The desolation of the XVII century, restoration at the beginning of the XVIII century. At the beginning of the XIX century, Metropolitan Evgeny Bolkhovitinov loved to visit here, which compiled a description of the Ion-Bogoslovsky Krypetsk monastery. For him, the refectory monastery chamber was turned into abbess chambers.

Photo: Lev Schlosberg, 1981

For the first time, the description of the monastery of 1586-87 was published in 1996 in the work of Vl. V. Sedova “Pskov architecture of the 16th century”: “... Monastery of Ivan the Theologian Kamen Krypetskaya, and in the monastery the Church of Ivan the Theologian Kamen, the porch of Kamenn, and on the church the cross of the woods ... And on the cross, the darling is gilded ... Yes, the Ivanna The Theologian is the limit of the Savva Serbian ... Above the Church of the Assumption of the Assumption, the Most Holy Theotokos arrived Ivan the Signacant Lybnian ... Yes, the crossing on the pillars and the meal between the Church and the meal, and near the crossing the riveting is wooden, and the iron was riveted in it ... Yes, under Savoy Sickle, the tomb of the Sava is a chujet, and the cloak of the Holy Stone, and there are three three tops on them ... and the written saints were written. Yes, near the Church of the Ivanna the Theologian, the bell tower is a wooden one. ”

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Krypetsk monastery was one of the largest and wealthy monasteries of the Pskov land. It consisted of 40 monks, 21 novice. Monastery land land amounted to 3602 tithes of land.

In 1918, the monastery was closed, in 1923 the cathedral was closed. The monastery was plundered. And in the 50s on the territory of the monastery, they made a farm and a stable.

But it was difficult to eradicate the memory of the holy monastery. In the same 50s, a wooden temple with an iconostasis, a dome and a cross was placed over the grave of the blessed monk of Cornelius. In September 1958, the chairman of the Toroshinsky village council I. Denisov, along with the Komsomol members, dismantled and burned a wooden temple. But since the pilgrimage did not stop, in the 60s of the XX century the monastery decided to blow up.

He was saved by the famous defender of the Pskov monuments of history and culture, candidate of art history, poet and writer Elena Morozkin , who passed away in 1999. It was Elena Nikolaevna who achieved that the Krypetsk monastery would not be blown up, but taken under state protection. She introduced this monument into scientific use: neither before, nor after Elena Morozkin, such studies of the complex of monuments of the John the Black-Slovenian Coopetsky Monastery were carried out. For the first time she saw the monastery in 1957. What?

One short quote from its “Pskov land”: “In the depths between the cathedral and the bell tower, the embankment is visible: it collapsed by the gallery connecting them; Now between them, filling the empty space, quietly call high linden. Once there was a multi -span belfry like Pecherskaya, making up the “backdrop” of the ceremonial monastery yard. The yard was paved with beautiful stone slabs. The cathedral, slightly covered from the main gate of the refectory, was revealed behind it voluminous, from a corner, bordered by two diverging stairs. He stood in a high gulbish, as on a pedestal, crowned with a crown gear roof. The refectory chamber looked at the cathedral with elegant windows in beautiful platbands resembling girlish kokoshniki. One might think that her front staircase passed near the gate. She was facing the cathedral and ended with a small ringleader with a bell, "what to call at the meal."

Only these stone buildings have been preserved from the monastery. They make up the wrong letter “P” in terms with a shortened wide left “foot” that the cathedral occupies, and a narrower elongated right that the refectory occupies. (The bell tower stands in the corner of the right peak. Initially, it was a crowd -like church at the refectory ward.) The place of the crossbar belonged to the connecting gallery. The transition here was originally, at first wooden, on the pillars, next to which there was a wooden belfry with a clock. Then he was arranged inside a stone belfry, to which the clock was outweighed. Then the belfry was turned into a gallery, taking off her upper hand and outweighing the clock to the bell tower, which was built over the launcher -like refectory church. All surviving buildings relate to the second half of the 16th century. ”

The surviving buildings ... In the 80s of the XX century, with all the state protection, terrible desolation reigned here. But restoration work began only after 15 years. Rather, these are the defenders of the monument thought that the restoration began. It began ... It began, let’s say, the “restoration of the vessels”, which, unfortunately, had to see our own eyes.

"... the main architect is our father governor"

Our path was over: the road, finally, breaks into freedom conquered near the forest. We are at the gate of the monastery: brand new, white, pretty. Direct toy. You do not know that such a “fingered” is added for description. However, not the “toy” wall, which soon surrounds the monastery territory, has already grown to the left of them. It can be assumed that then you can’t visit here so easily with a “special” visit here.

The new construction in the Krypetsk Monastery already has almost nothing to do with the heritage of the 16th century and the era of Savva Krypetskiy. Photo: Alexander Sidorenko

But while the group consisting of the chairman of the Pskov regional department of Vopiyik Irina Golubeva , her deputy Antonina Tarasova , archaeologist, candidate of historical sciences Boris Kharlashova , the architect-restarent Galina Hoffmann , the head of the department of the cultural heritage of the Committee of the Pskov Region for the culture and tourism of Soldatenko was quite affectionately met Father Mordaria .

Specialists somewhat confusedly looked at the monastery courtyard: “We haven’t been with you for a very long time” ... Father Mardaria remained unchanged: he was sincerely ready to show all monastery new buildings not very expectant guests. As it turned out right away, alas, they can now include a previously ruined, and now “reconstructed” gallery, bell tower and refectory: the very “surviving buildings of the second half of the 16th century” ...

Mrs. Soldatenko immediately tried to direct the conversation in the business direction, recalling that after the restoration of the cathedral, all the works that the specialists will now be introduced were carried out without coordination with the body of protecting the monuments. The general plan for which work should be carried out is generally absent. "Where will the father indicate the governor, are we building there?" - insightfully remarked Lyudmila Alexandrovna, at the same time inquiring where the monastery architects “peered” the project of the fence. The project, as it turned out, is “original”, it can be said to be made ...

The guests were presented to the chief monastery architect Alexander Sergeyevich Kuznetsov . However, he immediately explained to the Pskov colleagues: "I am not the chief architect - the main architect is our father governor." In a mournful journey through the monastery of the guards of monuments, the governor of the monastery - Father Damaskin - did not accompany. The whole severity of the professional gaze was sustained by the dean and Mr. Kuznetsov.

And there was something to rejoice from a professional look and, to put it mildly, to squeak. There was no trace of the ruins of the gallery that once connected the cathedral and bell tower. But, in fact, there is a gallery: brand new, white, like a fresh testicle. “Do you understand that your gallery is a new building built without coordination and project, but adjacent to a federal monument?” - asked Irina Golubeva in the accompaniment. From the whole question, Father Mardarius learned only the phrase “without coordination and project” and hastened to assure that in the near future this “new volume” would be “designed” and “agreed”. Apparently, like all the trouble that has already happened to the monastery refectory (such monuments in the Pskov region of a unit) and the bell tower.

The owners hospitably led the guests to the refectory, mercifully warning: "We are doing reconstruction, not restoration." “This is not even reconstruction,” is the only thing that Irina Gorebeva was able to say for a start. And after everyone was enjoyed by the persons of the freshly reserved “levels” from the new brick (!) Quietly stated: “You ruined the refectory.” “We act as in ancient times: if the temple is destroyed, they build a new one,” the architect of Kuznetsov shrugged. “Hereinafter,” all the arguments of specialists about the right to such “circumvention” with live memory, stumbled upon the sacramental: “The monastery must live and develop.” “Your pride shocks me,” Mrs. Golubeva threw it without being repaired.

And the members of the Society for the Protection of Monuments were already waiting for “new discoveries”, after which Galina Hoffmann almost with physical suffering in her voice asked: how, how could cement could be used in working with ancient masonry from limestone? Who gave the right to bring to life such a wild “engineering solution” as the upholstery of walls and arches of the 16th century with iron-sketch reinforcement with plastering cement? Why did not consult with specialists who would explain on the fingers: such a “method of conservation” will destroy the walls, limestone will simply decompose there. But to consult, as it turned out, was once: “We are building literally from a sheet ...” without a project, without coordination, without consultation - “for the sake of life in the monastery.”

Having got out of the refectory, the guests stood on the shores of the lake for several minutes, they “admired” on the ... fountains beating in it. “And the fountain is spindle” ... Someone quit: “Right Peterhof” ...

Lord, who pays all this chic? Indeed, in such a “restoration” and “reconstruction”, the considered tens of millions are invested with the naked eye! Father Mardarius evasively reports that everything is done on donations. Who sacrifices the monastery so much? Maybe someone from the nouveau riche wanted to "lie down" in the eternal rest next to the Monk Savva? As he said: “To what we call ancient ascetics to our fathers when we do not live their lives, as children should. They, homeless, poverty, spent time in the nativity scenes, in deserts and for the Lord with all its firmness conquered their flesh, did not know peace either day or night ”?

However, in the monastery now it does not smell like peace, and only one thing is not visible to humility: everything that was seen and attracted somewhere in the dull monastery. The gate, concrete fence, the porch of the cathedral, the brand new gallery, “restored”, and actually rebuilt refectory, packed into cement and iron, the genuine masonry of its walls and walls of the bell tower. Economic buildings, gardens, greenhouses, fraternal and hotel buildings from ... silicate brick. By the end of the viewing of the “Lepota”, Mrs. Soldatenko stated: “Almost nothing was left of the monastery of the 16th century.”

"Proble restoration"

This is true. But try to tell this truth to the father to the governor. Father Damaskin accepted the Pskov delegation at his house. He expressed deep confidence that in the near future all colossal changes in the monastery will be appreciated. That is, as the father of the governor himself understands this dignity: the body of the protection of the monuments will coordinate all the “new” retroactively, thank the authors for “restoration” of the monastery. Father Damaskin expressed a modest hope for a letter three times in the process of short communication with the Pskov delegation.

Archimandrite Father Damaskin (extreme on the left) believes that the right to change the appearance of the monastery is granted to him from above. Photo: Alexander Sidorenko

But how can he not express this hope? This is only in certain “special” circles in Damascus’s father, the nickname ... as it were, in order not to offend anyone ... In general, expressing herself in a flowering way: “Chairman of the collective economy”. А в остальных кругах, в том числе духовных, он – трудник, подвижник, поднимающий обитель с колен после позора запустения и полной разрухи. В 2005 году информационная служба Псковской епархии сообщила, что наместник Иоанно-Богословского Крыпецкого монастыря возведен по Указу Святейшего Патриарха в чин архимандрита за усердную молитву и возрождение Крыпецкого монастыря, и награжден Владыкой Евсевием наперсным крестом с украшениями.

«Монашеское житие не любит человеческой славы. Но как светильник ставится на возвышенном месте, чтобы светить всем в доме, так и отцу Дамаскину довелось церковной наградой послужить славе святой Церкви», - отметили тогда в епархии. Вот в чем правда-то.

По этой правде за все имеющиеся заслуги по благословению Архиепископа Псковского и Великолукского Евсевия, Крыпецкой обители недавно был отдан древний псковский храм Рождества Иоанна Предтечи – как храм монастырского подворья. Александру Кузнецову уже показался слишком узким вход в храм. Архитекторы-реставраторы замерли в ожидании…

Не хотите реставрировать памятники архитектуры? Не реставрируйте! Не трогайте их вообще! Но тогда и монастырь надо строить на новом месте, «с чистого листа». Зачем вам культурное наследие, если вы его уничтожаете – теперь уже навсегда, безвозвратно, без малейшего шанса на реставрацию? Однако псковской делегации не удалось ни на ноготь убедить отца Дамаскина в том, что для восстановления обители не надо, нельзя, недопустимо губить памятники своей же истории (гражданин России отец наместник, в конце концов, или не гражданин?).

Гости развернулись и побрели к «Святым воротам», попутно разглядывая еле обозначенное в хозяйственной суете монастырское кладбище и многочисленные постройки из силикатного кирпича.

В автобусе разговариваем с Ириной Голубевой, которой трудно отойти от эмоционального восприятия только что увиденного. «Все помнят запущенное, но подлинное состояние монастыря. Помнят, как отражалась в Святом озере колокольня – главная доминанта всего участка, которая всегда привлекала особое внимание Бориса Скобельцына . Она была совершенно не изучена… Очень жаль, что утрачена галерея – переход, который всегда вызывал столько полемики у исследователей. Его построили заново. This is unprecedented. Разрушили и заново сделали совершенно другую форму! Уже только за это можно лишать возможности жить и работать в этом месте. Трапезная, очень интересный элемент монастырского комплекса, также была не исследована. Было понятно лишь, что это московская школа. Было бы интересно проследить ее историю: это и научный вопрос и вопрос, я бы сказала, политической истории. Это продвинуло бы наши представления о процессах, которые происходили в Пскове, когда полностью изменилась политическая система. Изменилась жизнь людей. Наука до сих пор спорит: кто на кого оказал влияние – псковичи на московскую школу зодчества или москвичи на псковскую? Но теперь архитектурные данные пропали. Это просто варварство – то, что там делается…

Даже то, что осталось, закручивается в бетонные саркофаги под предлогом сохранения. Заключить наш известняк в цемент и железо – это значит погубить его. С моей точки зрения – это преступления. Преступление совершилось и совершается. Есть такое выражение - «прорабская реставрация», работа «с листа», без документации. Вот уничтожение перехода к звоннице и происходящее уничтожение трапезной – это «прорабская реставрация», - Ирина Борисовна аккуратно старалась выбирать выражения для всего увиденного «архитектурного большевизма».

Вечное поминовение

И мне теперь всё думается: для того ли спасла монастырь от взрыва Елена Морозкина, чтобы было уничтожено дело ее жизни? Дело нашей памяти? Если бы она увидела, что описанные и изученные ею памятники, которые надо было еще изучать и изучать, отныне будут недоступны: ни исследователю, ни обыкновенному человеку, ищущему знания о своем прошлом? Что в очередной раз новое поколение будет начинать свою историю с чистого листа? И будет продолжать рвать и рвать этот чистый лист, как советская власть, расчищавшая место для своих белых листов (или пятен), взрывала храмы?

Архитектор Александр Кузнецов (краний слева) применяет невиданные в мировой реставрации строительные технологии. Photo: Alexander Sidorenko

Каково помнить после этой поездки, что имя спасительницы, рабы Божьей Елены вписано на вечное поминовение в Синодик Крыпецкого монастыря?..

А если снова процитировать рабу Божью Елену? «Простота, весомость, значительность. Нет ничего мелочного и ненужного. Это рождает чувство силы и естественности. А затем выступает нежность — в легких оттенках камней, в плавности неровных линий, в мягкой лепке стен, в едва уловимой неодинаковости всего, в скромном, наполненном воздухом декоре, в светлых рефлексах теней, в удивительной связи с цветом неба, деревьев и трав — в любую погоду, в любое время года, дня и ночи. Видимо, в этом таится то человеческое тепло, которое мастера передали своему творению.

Silence. Затаенность. Мелкорослый лес, который назвал бы леском, если бы он не тянулся на многие версты. Эпическое спокойствие архитектуры неотделимо от тишины и пустыни, словно порождено ими. Но, как ни странно, здесь не чувствуешь оторванности от мира, а наоборот, ощущаешь его полноту. Исчезает только суетность».

Суетность…

Комиссия Псковского отделения ВООПИиК составляет акт, в котором будут отражены все обнаруженные нарушения. Документ будет отправлен в областной комитет по культуре и туризму, а также в Росохранкультуру – и в управление по Северо-Западному федеральному округу, и в Москву. И, возможно, в Московскую Патриархию.

Начальник отдела охраны объектов культурного наследия комитета Псковской области по культуре и туризму Людмила Солдатенко также подготовила письмо (по словам Людмилы Александровны, оно носит характер предписания) в адрес отца Дамаскина о необходимости срочно прекратить работы, проводящиеся без согласования с органом охраны памятников, и обратиться в институт «Спецпроектреставрация» с тем, чтобы провести полноценные обмеры подлинных участков кладки памятников, документально их зафиксировать. Предписание также будет направлено в управление Росохранкультуры по Северо-Западному федеральному округу, которое и должно принять меры, способные остановить уничтожение памятников. Ведь юридически памятники федерального значения – это зона ответственности федерального органа охраны.

«Юридически» - это очень важное слово. Напомним, что статья 243 Уголовного кодекса РФ («Уничтожение или повреждение памятников истории и культуры») гласит: «Уничтожение или повреждение памятников истории, культуры, природных комплексов или объектов, взятых под охрану государства, а также предметов или документов, имеющих историческую или культурную ценность, - наказываются штрафом в размере до двухсот тысяч рублей или в размере заработной платы или иного дохода осужденного за период до восемнадцати месяцев либо лишением свободы на срок до двух лет. Те же деяния, совершенные в отношении особо ценных объектов или памятников общероссийского значения, - наказываются штрафом в размере от ста тысяч до пятисот тысяч рублей или в размере заработной платы или иного дохода осужденного за период от одного года до трех лет либо лишением свободы на срок до пяти лет».

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Великий провидец, преподобный Корнилий Крыпецкий, далекий преемник преподобного Саввы, живший в обители в конце XIX – начале XX вв., предсказавший все будущие бедствия и горести России, в том числе убийство царской семьи, знавший день и час своей кончины и все обстоятельства своего погребения, предрекал обители силу и славу. Нет никакой уверенности в том, что сейчас сбывается именно пророчество преподобного Корнилия.

Elena Shiryaeva. Крыпецы – Псков