Translated material
“Thinking on the right”: a brief overview of modern radical right ideology
Edited by Alexander Verkhovsky
ULTRA RIGHT ORGANIZATIONS : Russian national union : Unification "Russians" : DPNI : Slavic strength : National Socialist initiative : Russian imperial union : Russian platform : Russian social movement : Russian civil union
This review is devoted to modern ultra-right ideology in Russia and the changes it has undergone in recent years under the influence of political and other processes in the country. Our goal is to describe those categories in which our nationalists think, as well as to show ideological differences between the latter.
Unfortunately, we cannot cover everything in this review. existing right-wing radical organizations, but we will consider only the largest of them. Also, we do not assume that in one work we will be able to describe all ideological nuances, but we only hope that the reader will receive a general understanding of the ultra-right environment and its main actors. Recall that we are not this is the first time we have made such an attempt; In 2009, the SOVA Center published a collection called Radical Russian nationalism”, which describes most of the existing the moment of more or less active far-right groups. However, over the past For the past three years, the right-wing radical environment has been strongly restructured. Essential There have also been changes in ideology.
The first part of the work is devoted to the basic foundations of ethnic nationalism, as well as the main ideological "forks" at which the with each other the ideologies of specific movements. The second part is given to the description of ideology various legal (or those that until recently were) ultra-right organizations. And the third - to the autonomous right-wing radicals, their ideology and relationship with legal movements.
ETHNO-NATIONALISM
Despite the fact that Russian far-right movements are quite very different from each other, a common feature of their ideology is ethno-nationalism.
The concept of "ethnicity" is defined exclusively within the framework of primordialist approach [1] (from English word "primordial" - primordial), who sees communities created by nature itself in ethnic groups, those. ethnicity is seen as just as natural characteristics of a person, such as age or gender. Primordialists see ethnic signs are stable and objective, considering that they can be traced in one ethnic group through many generations. This submission legitimizes the process of production and reproduction of ethnic stereotypes, asserting the immutability of ethnic signs over time. In science, the primordial approach is gradually marginalized, however, in Russian political rhetoric and, most importantly, in in ordinary consciousness, it remains the most common.
At the same time, the ultra-right in Russia, as well as many Russians, thanks to their Soviet heritage, tend to stick to the vulgar, biologizing concept of ethnic ties - as ties based on blood, genetic relationship. The cultural factor is taken into account, mainly only when the consanguineous approach cannot be applied or leads to unsatisfactory results.
Here it is worth mentioning that the ultra-right ideology in largely irrational, with few clear ideas and rigid mental structures, and therefore it is constantly adjusted depending on the incoming circumstances.
The lack of rationality is compensated by elements of romanticism, Darwinism and even mysticism, which fill in conceptual gaps and reinforce emotional experience of topics related to ethnicity. Therefore, for ethnonationalist discourse is characterized by the use of emotional loaded terms and phrases, religious and near-religious rhetoric, references to the past, to traditions and ancestors, operating with categories, more characteristic of the animal world (“settlement area”, “reproduction rate”, "fight for food").
For example, Dmitry Rogozin in his book "Enemy of the People" justifies expansionist aspirations as follows: “Crimea, Little Russia, Belarus, Cossack the steppes of Kazakhstan, Transnistria, the Baltic States - this is the ancestral territory of the Russian nation. Russian has been spoken here for centuries, no matter how puffed up local chauvinists are rewrite history and ban everything Russian” [2] . Thus, D. Rogozin introduces the language tradition as the only argument justifying the need to include in the composition of Russia entire sovereign states, as well as parts of some others, reinforcing this argument with the phrase "ancestral territory of the Russian nation".
Another example is the anti-Western argument Alexandra Dugin (who is not really an ethno-nationalist, but at the same time shares a primordialist approach to ethnicity): “The rejection of liberalism has been a Russian identity means being Russian today is identical to being anti-American. That's why we hate America" [3] . Here, in as an argument in favor of anti-Americanism, a reference to the characterization ethnic culture, which in public perception is unchanged, which means this argument is sufficient.
An example of anti-rational poetic rhetoric capable of fill intellectual gaps, the arguments that Alexander Prokhanov cited to refute the stereotype of Russian laziness on the radio "Echo Moscow ": " Emelya possessed the art of telekinesis, teleportation, he forced move objects, even large ones like furnaces. Laugh to your health a special magical technology, known in ancient Rus', with the help of which mountains moved, rivers changed without atomic explosions. Emelya was typical the representative is a Russian magician” [4] .
The main driving force behind ethnic majority nationalism is xenophobia, which ethnic entrepreneurs diligently reinforce, using military metaphors ("invaders", "occupiers", "agents of a foreign expansion”, etc.) or analogies with the animal world. So, for example, one of DPNI campaign videos were provided with the following comment: “Aliens are like rats - strong in a pack and there are more and more of these flocks in Russian cities. Dagestan, Chechen, Azerbaijani fascism flourishes wildly in our land. animal mentality uninvited guests make them dangerous for normal people, and if the beast dangerous, then his place is either behind bars in a zoo or in the wild, i.e. on mountain paths, but not on the streets of Russian cities" [5] .
An important part of the ultra-right ideology are elements of moral conservatism. For example, the far right tends to be negative about divorce, strongly opposed to abortion, drugs and homosexual relationships.
An integral part of the far-right ideology in Russia are all kinds of conspiracy theories. Perhaps the most important of them is the idea of the presence of some kind of "secret world government", Masonic community, the "Zionist Occupation Government" (Eng.; Zionist Occupation Government, ZOG) or some other secret forces inside and outside the country, who allegedly control everything that happens in the country and engage in sabotage through their "agents". For example, the news that the deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, in order to reduce acuteness of the problem of telephone terrorism, they suggested that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation equip all points of sale of SIM cards for mobile phones with special scanners for checking buyers' passports, is served like this: “ ZOG wants to take full control of cellular communications, under the pretext of fighting with telephone terrorism” [6] . Another example is the statements made by CPRF member Vladimir , who recently headed the party's new "Russian project": Nikitin plans of the world government, the prospects for the Russian people are determined, (...) and identified as fatal. They defined the status of the Russian people as superfluous » [7] .
These representations allow you to build a holistic explanatory theory, according to which some or even all of the negative aspects Russian reality are the result of wrecking on the part of these "secret forces" At the same time, constant searches or direct indications of the presence of a “fifth columns" allow you to mobilize supporters, as well as acquire new ones, who intuitively appealing is the idea that everything bad can be fixed, just get rid of pests.
However, right-wing radicals do not always blame the Russian for all the troubles. people "secret forces". In some cases, the cause is seen directly in people's passivity, their unwillingness to "nationally awaken", i.e. support their movements, to lead a healthy lifestyle, not to get involved with the "occupiers", etc. Those Russians who do not do this are often called national traitors and “vegetables” and often treat them no better than visitors and other “enemies: " Stupid vegetables are scattered instead of go to the rocking chair and fight back for the fact that they and their children are sold drugs black-assed, they buy from them themselves or sit and thump like pigs " [8] .
The current government often becomes the object of sharp criticism. In some cases, she is directly accused of working for the very "secret forces" some - recognize her independence and criticize for the ongoing politics. At the same time, the ultra-right sincerely believe that they have the right to speak out for name of the entire Russian people, and therefore any form of opposition to their activity on the part of the authorities (and not only the authorities) is perceived as manifestation of Russophobia.
Despite the fact that the vast majority of right-wing radicals is in opposition to the current political regime, there are no common opinion on what actually should come to replace this regime.
A look at the structure of the state: nation-state vs empire - the first criterion, according to which it is possible to classify ultra-right organizations. The point is now the most popular in intra-movement discussions.
The second such criterion is the desired political regime. and form of government. Some of the ultra-right are for democracy, others for various forms of authoritarianism, including monarchy, still others adhere to frankly neo-Nazi views and want to see a system in Russia similar to the one that was in Nazi Germany, i.e. totalitarian.
The third criterion is the degree of radicalism ethnonationalist ideology. Ideologists of different organizations in different ways justify the inequality of various ethnic groups among themselves, some through the arguments of culture and history, some through openly racist rhetoric. However, a particular organization may apply both approaches in depending on the situation and audience. And of course, actions are also expected very different degrees of radicalism - from peaceful agitation to terror, aimed at destabilizing society as a whole.
The fourth criterion is the attitude towards religion. Some organizations are Orthodox and demand that Orthodoxy be given the status of the main religion countries, others are supporters of paganism, still others are in favor of support for all "traditional religions" under the dominance of Orthodoxy, fourth - indifferent to religious issues.
ULTRA RIGHT ORGANIZATIONS
Russian national union
The first organization that I would like to highlight is it was recognized as extremist in June of this year [9] "Russian National Union" (RONS). Start with her in this review expedient, because elements of its ethno-nationalist ideology in the best written in a way that allows you to see the whole picture. Ideologies of others organizations, as will be shown below, tend to be blurry, fuzzy.
"Russian National Union" positions itself as an Orthodox organization, he appeared in 1991 and changed quite a lot during his existence.
During the 2000s years, there was a gradual process of radicalization of ethno-nationalist ideology movements, Nazi skinheads began to actively join the RONS. Before of his arrest in 2006, Nikolai Korolev worked closely with the organization, currently serving a life sentence for organizing an explosion at the Cherkizovsky market in Moscow. He was the official publisher of the White Frontier newspaper, which formally owned by RONS.
Same as for all other ultra-right organizations, the main objects of hatred for RONS are visitors from the Caucasus and Central Asia, who are understood as occupiers who are pushing out the "indigenous population" and profiting from it. RONS also like the rest, only the ethnic factor is significant, and the citizenship factor is not plays no role. Although RONS is not overtly racist organization, elements of biological racism are present in its ideology. For example, RONS actively opposes mixed marriages, including by declaring the need to preserve “pure blood”: “ Fortunately, there is not much in Russia so far mixed families. In any case, the critical line has not yet been crossed. Pursuit to racial purity in the majority of Russians firmly sits in the blood and consciousness. But the danger does not decrease from this ” [10] . Except In addition, the organization constantly emphasizes its belonging to "White movement", understood then as a historical monarchist movement times of the civil war, then as a racist movement of "whites" against all the rest.
cornerstone the cornerstone of the RONS ideology is a conspiracy theory that suggests the presence of "world Zionist government" whose goal is " the destruction of nation-states and cultures with the subsequent creation of a single state with a unified culture from McDonald's, endless soap operas, drugs, pornography, advertisements, films and books about the Holocaust ” [11] . It is through the prism of this conspiracy that the organization evaluates everything that happens in country.
Ideologists of the RONS claim that from the "Jewish revolution" of 1917 to the present day, The authorities in Russia are predominantly Jews alone (including the current presidents, since V. Putin and D. Medvedev are also considered Jews), who for almost a century trying to "destroy the Russian ethnos": " more in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which were a reference book for many Bolsheviks, one of the main tasks for the destruction of Russia was declared destruction of the national and racial purity of the Russian people (...) Despite all the efforts of the "comrades Rabinovichi", in the 20-30s of the last century, to do this for them failed . When the Russians failed to destroy with the help of the Gulag and Marxism, they decided to dissolve us in the Asian sea, that is, to start a "biological genocide " against us [12] . These arguments RONS substantiates opposition to the current political regime, calling it a yoke.
The difference between RONS and many other organizations is a great deal of attention, which given to the religious factor. Organization considers Orthodoxy "the true religion of the Russians" and demands that it become the official religion of the country.
Movement extremely has a negative attitude towards Western-style liberalism and democracy, believing that the individualistic values of the West are opposed to the values of Christianity: « the most powerful and consistent ideological alternative to Christianity turned out to be neither communism nor fascism, namely democracy, the ideology of "human rights". The world at the center is the Sermon on the Mount of the Savior, collided with the world, in the center of which desires of a separate human personality are hoisted ” [13] . Note that this almost verbatim coincides with the repeatedly expressed position ROC guides on the same topic.
RONS wants see Russia as a state consisting of " 15-16 new administrative entities, for example, Central Russia, Upper Volga, South Russia, Far East, etc. ", with a strong local self-government. At first, the authorities, according to the RONS, should be authoritarian: “ under the current state society to establish in Russia a truly free state system a transitional period will be required during which the national authorities will exist within an authoritarian framework. Having completed her tasks, she will have to transfer power to the All-Russian Assembly of Representatives, which will decide which there will be state power in National Russia" [14] .
Supposed, that the "national authorities" will proclaim the Russians the state-forming people, and Orthodoxy is the state religion. Indigenous peoples will have the right to live on the territory of the new state only if the dominant the role of Russians, agreeing to play a secondary role. This inequality justified as follows: “ there is no more stupid power than the one that follows the theomachist and contrary to the nature of the installation, that as if all people and nations are equal, which refers to people as homogeneous atoms, but to human society as a faceless and amorphous mass ” [15] .
All over Apparently, a significant revision of the borders of the state is expected. From one On the other hand, the RONS believes that Russia should unite the Great Russians again, Little Russians and Belarusians [16] , but at the same time, he opposes the conservation of lands, which are a "hotbed separatism”, because the Russian nation does not have the strength to suppress this separatism and maintenance of these areas. For example, ROSN is ready for the separation of the North Caucasus, declaring: “ Will we, Russians, continue to to keep on his neck these "unemployed" children of the mountains, the number of which and will continue to grow, for the sake of preserving the territory they inhabit as part of our states? Or do we still admit that these millions of freeloaders (...) culturally and civilizationally alien, but this huge amount of money, (…) we’d rather give to overcome the Russian demographic catastrophe ”.
At the same time, RONS supports the idea of Russia as a " center Orthodox world, defender and liberator of the Orthodox peoples ”, i.e. an idea that at one time was the justification expansion of the Russian Empire. However, without denying the very idea of building an empire, RONS believes that the Russian people are not yet ready for this.
Previously, RONS focused on coming to power through elections, but now he is counting rather on coming to power bypassing law.
Association "Russians"
The "Russians" association was created in the spring of 2011 years after the ban of the two largest and long-term collaborating right-wing organizations, the Movement against illegal immigration (DPNI, Alexander Belov, Vladimir Basmanov) and "Slavic Force" (SS, Dmitry Demushkin), and based on them. It also includes the National Socialist Initiative (Dmitry Bobrov), RFO "Memory" (Georgy Borovikov), Russian Imperial Movement (Stanislav Vorobyov), the Union of the Russian People (Alexander Turik) and others, more small organizations.
The association was created with the aim of attracting as much as possible more supporters, and his ideology was deliberately blurred by the creators so that the existing ideological contradictions do not prevent the unification process. Opposition remains the only common place the current regime and, of course, ethno-nationalism. Therefore, one can consider only the ideology of the movements that are part of the "Russians" association.
DPNY
The center around which the "Russians" association was created, was DPNI - an organization that appeared in 2002 and became one of the most well-known far-right associations of the 2000s.
The basis of the ideology of the organization is ethno-nationalism with elements of racism. From the very beginning, in accordance with its name, DPNI proclaimed as its goal the fight against illegal immigrants, under which practice, all non-ethnic citizens of the country living in the regions considered "Russian". The greatest dissatisfaction with the movement is caused by people from Asia and the Caucasus, the latter becoming objects of hatred despite then where they come from: from other states or from the Caucasian regions of Russia. As already mentioned, visitors are seen as occupiers trying to drive out, subdue or exterminate the "indigenous population", to illustrate which the movement constantly speculates on various plots from the criminal chronicle, often giving out domestic or openly criminal conflicts between “Russians” and "non-Russians" for interethnic clashes. (“ Today, an undeclared war is going on in the streets of our cities against Russian people from migrants from the Caucasus and other countries. Every day comes information about murders and violence by immigrants against Russian people. (...) Therefore, the participants of the DPNI will not remain aloof from the actions of memory and popular protest against ethnic anti-Russian terror and the inaction of the authorities" [17] ).
In the rhetoric of DPNI leaders, there are often indications of various conspiracy theories. Basically, this is manifested in hints of connections. authorities with "Jews", who, apparently, are understood not as an ethnic group, but as agents of some "secret forces". So, for example, at the Russian March in 2007 A. Belov, criticizing the executive branch, addressed the audience in this way: “ you are a real power, and not those who are hiding in this scroll of the Torah " [18] .
During the nine years of the organization's existence, its ideology practically did not change in matters related to ethno-nationalism, but in terms of attitude to the current regime and vision of her role in the political process, she has been significantly transformed.
Initially, DPNI pointedly renounced political ambitions and openly supported the policies of then President Vladimir Putin. However, cooperation with the authorities did not rise above the local level and DPNI began to gradually go into opposition, which became finally clear in 2007, when the party "Great Russia" began to be created with the participation of the DPNI. But even after 2007, not being admitted to the elections, the leaders of the DPNI kept rather flexible rhetoric in relation to the authorities. Officials have been criticized "United Russia", law enforcement agencies, but this criticism came from logic "the king is good, the boyars are bad." For example, even in 2009 A. Belov vinyl first of all, law enforcement agencies in putting pressure on the ultra-right environment: “ Representatives of special services can deliberately mislead the country's leadership about the existing threat of extremism, creating the appearance of work and really doing nothing, but receiving bonuses for it and regular stars for shoulder straps " [19] . That yes, already being in opposition, DPNI periodically curtsied to the side leaders of the state, apparently in the hope that they will still be accepted as allies.
And yet, as the criminal persecution of right-wing radicals, and ultra-right organizations were gradually forced out from the public space, DPNI began to see the reason for this state of affairs not so much in the "boyars", i.e. in the agents of the state, how many in the "king", i.e. V top leadership of the country. The purposefully pursued DPNI starts openly talk about the need to change the ruling regime as a whole. For example, in 2011 A. Belov, already spoke about the same militia as follows: “ police officers carry out orders that are sent to them from the very top people who illegally gained power. They must be swept away by the forces of all opposition, not only DPNI” [20] .
As for the desired political system, type of state and forms of government, DPNI advocates the construction of a "Russian unitary national state” with a national-democratic regime that presupposes the preservation of the main democratic institutions in recognizing the Russian ethnos as a state-forming people and the introduction of a system of "national proportional representation" in authorities. At the same time, democracy, apparently, is understood archaically, those. as the power of the majority, without any guarantees for minorities. Already now, despite the movement's numerous appeals to legitimacy, rights person, democratic institutions, etc., it is obvious that such an approach relevant for DPNI mostly only when it comes to Russian the population of the country. When it comes to citizens of other ethnicities in Russia, the rhetoric of rights, freedoms and democracy steps aside. So, for example, residents Russian Caucasian republics, in fact, denied the right to free choice place of residence within the state of which they are citizens. When, if they still come to "traditionally Russian regions", they are not guaranteed neither security nor the right to a fair trial of a person who has committed against him an unlawful act. This becomes obvious when it comes to convicts. for violent crimes by nationalists whom DPNI, along with others ultra-right organizations, considers them as “political prisoners”, according to apparently not seeing the corpus delicti in attacks and murders, if the victim was a representative of another ethnic group.
In conclusion, we note that it is impossible to imagine how the political system would look like in practice if DPNI came to power. The thing is, that the movement, as, indeed, many other far-right organizations, ideology describes in some detail what exists today, there is also an idea about what they want to achieve, but there is practically no description of those methods by which they are going to build their "garden city".
Slavic strength
Formally, D. Demushkin's "Slavic Power" appeared relatively recently, but in practice it is a full-fledged successor Slavic Union, which has existed since 1999 and was recognized as extremist in April 2010.
Compared to DPNI, Slavic Power is more radical and positions itself as a National Socialist organizations, recognizing the works of the leaders of the NSDAP as an ideological base. Not hiding behind the slogan of combating illegal immigrants, the SS openly preaches ideology of neo-Nazism and demands the “cleansing” of the country from all “non-Russians”, regardless on factors such as citizenship, time of stay, and so on. An exception is made only for representatives of those ethnic groups that do not have their own statehood outside the country and “participate in construction and protection of Russia's interests.
The organization preaches a cult of power and openly encourages right-wing violence through which " they (visitors - ed.) I don't feel here at home " [21] .
Since its inception, the organization has positioned itself in as an opposition, calling representatives of the authorities occupiers, but not paid much attention to criticism of the regime, concentrating on propaganda neo-Nazi ideology. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the SS, including positioned itself as an organization - a fighter against the "orange threat" and Therefore, in this matter, she considered herself a comrade-in-arms of the current authorities. As well as and in the case of DPNI, around 2007-2008 the situation changes: opposition statements are increasingly beginning to sound from the lips of the leaders of the SS. Before recognition "Slavic Union" extremist organization racist rhetoric side by side with the opposition, and after the ban, the latter largely displaces the first (" our enemy is not other people nationalities, not Asians or Caucasians, but traders who have settled in the corridors of power at all levels and selling our Motherland wholesale and retail” [22] ). Of course, this state of affairs does not mean at all that the SS abandoned neo-Nazi ideology, it just became more of a “subject of internal consumption."
The ideology of the SS practically does not describe how it will be a “Russian national state” was organized, to the construction of which the organization strives. This state of affairs, apparently, was created on purpose, in order to avoid ideological differences within the SS and with representatives of other far-right movements. As D. Demushkin stated, “the slogan of a nationalist is a nation, a nation Above all, everything comes from this. Many people argue - it can be verbiage study for months - economic platforms, democracy / non-democracy, church / not a church, in the end there is only one value, one indicator - the birth of whites children and increase the nation, its wealth and prosperity. Based on this, then the question is greatly simplified” [23] .
The SS, criticizing the current political regime, calls it anti-democratic, and his actions are unlawful. However, judging by the enthusiastic D. Demushkin's reviews about what he saw in Chechnya during his visit there in the summer of 2011, he personally is much more impressed by a system with a strong authoritarian national leader, ensuring the dominance of "traditional values": " Here comes the battle with alcoholism, I did not see young people with beer and cocktails on the streets, I saw a clean city, I I see that the objects that are rented here are 10 times cheaper than the same objects in Moscow and St. Petersburg (...), maybe, in fact, if this is so, then we in Russia we also need a host, we need leaders in the regions who are able to change the situation ” [24] .
If we talk about religious aspects in the ideology of the SS, then they practically absent. The movement considers native Russian religions Orthodoxy and paganism (rodnovery), but does not focus on this. The exception is the notion that Muslims entering the country impose their religion on the Russians and "in the process of occupation" will try to reorganize daily life in accordance with the norms of Islam, which "alien to the Russian people."
National Socialist Initiative
An organization close in ideology to the "Slavic Force" part of the "Russians" association is the National Socialist Initiative Dmitry Bobrov.
The emergence of the organization was preceded by another project by D. Bobrov - the neo-Nazi group "Schulz-88", whose members carried out attacks on people with "non-Slavic appearance". Among its members were such well-known neo-Nazis like Dmitry Borovikov and Alexei Voevodin, who later became leaders of the Combat Terrorist Organization (BTO), better known as the "gang Borovikov-Voevodin. "Schulz-88" not only practiced, but promoted racial inequality and racial violence. Organization under the control of D. Bobrov published frankly neo-Nazi magazines Made in St. Petersburg, Anger Perun ", and also distributed brochures" Paganism as a spiritual and moral foundation of Russian National Socialism.
In 2005, on charges of organizing an extremist community, inciting national hatred with the use of violence and involving juvenile for committing a crime D. Bobrov was sentenced to 6 years deprivation of liberty. When he was released in 2009, he almost immediately created new ultra-right organization - the National Socialist Initiative.
Compared to Schultz-88, NSI is much less radical in appearance, there are no calls for violence in public speeches of leaders, racism is rarely preached open.
The cardinal softening of the rhetoric is due to the fact that the goals the creation of the Schultz-88 and NSI organizations were different: the first was created for underground struggle, and the second - for the legal (perhaps this should be interpreted simply as a fact of Bobrov's biography, but we are more interested in objective difference between organizations than changing the personality of the leader). changed and the main object of the struggle, earlier in this capacity were "racial enemies" and "national traitors", and now - "anti-Russian authorities". Not wanting, all over visibility, give law enforcement agencies a pretext for prosecution, ethno-nationalist discourse was almost completely excluded from the official organization ideology. Under most of the tasks outlined in the program movement, any liberal would have easily subscribed. (“ Organization of civilian control over the activities of state power. Opposition to the use of non-legal methods government controlled. Strengthening the institutions of civil society . The development of civil legal awareness, stimulation of law-abiding behavior. The fight against legal nihilism and criminalization of consciousness. Promoting the formation of a legal society " etc. [25] ). Ethno-nationalism is camouflaged in extremely non-radical formulations, for example: " the awakening of the Russian national identity ”, “ preservation historical memory " or " opposition the spread of Russophobia.
D. Bobrov's public speeches are almost completely devoted to criticism of power. As in case of DPNI, the main xenophobic elements of the ideology are mediated by reasoning about illegal immigration and speculation on the topic of increased criminality of "migrants": " Natives of wild and backward countries, with the connivance of corrupt cops and officials flooded our Motherland, they do not not only perform hard, low-paid work, but also perform a huge number of crimes ." [26] However, sometimes a radical ethno-nationalist ideology appears and open. And if DPNI, for example, substantiates hatred of people from the Caucasus with using a xenophobic approach – “we don’t love them because they are different” (“ The reasons for hatred are we are different. We have different traditions, mentality, worldview, morality "), then the NSI is trying to give out xenophobia for responding “to their biological hatred of us” (“ in the North Caucasus, we have a lot of potential killers and terrorists with genetic hostility to Russian people. (…) Continuous ethnic terror against the Russian people went on all these years "). As in the case of the SS, in the NSI open racism and anti-Semitism does not disappear, but becomes "internal use".
The organization does not openly call for violence against "racial enemies", but encourages him, calling heroes those who commit such crimes, and is proud of the number of such "heroes" in his organization.
current government in Russia NSI sees as a " colonial government controlled by political centers outside outside the country ." In some cases, under these political centers refers to the states of the West, the purpose of which is " raw materials, natural and human " [27] , in others - ZOG. (" It hurts became for Ukraine. When changing power ZOG still Pushkin bared his teeth and the fetid Zionist rot spewed out by the Kremlin, is felt now in Kiev " [28] ).
NSI wants Russia to see a "national socialist state" with unrealistically broad social guarantees.
In their texts The NSI claims that one of the goals of the movement is "preservation of the democratic foundations of the political system Russia". However, given the amount of attention given to propaganda of "socially acceptable norms of behavior, high moral and cultural values and ideals” combined with threats of merciless to people whose views are interpreted in such speculative terms as "anti-national", "internationalist" and "Russophobic", it can be assumed that the ideal for NSI is a state with strict authoritarian power with preservation of some institutions of democracy necessary for the legitimization mode.
Concerning religion, then the organization deliberately remains indifferent to this topic: “ NSI does not affect in its ideology, propaganda and activities of issues of religious denomination and distances itself from participation in events related to the administration of religious cults. In our opinion, focusing on religious issues leads to to conflicts and splits among comrades-in-arms, while our goal is unity ” [29] .
Russian imperial union
Another notable organization part of the association "Russians", is an Orthodox-monarchical organization "Russian Imperial Movement" (Stanislav Vorobyov).
As follows from names, the organization differs from all those listed in that it consistently advocates the restoration of the monarchy and the imperial structure of the state.
Ideology of the RIA almost completely repeats the ideology of the RONS: ethno-nationalism with elements biological racism; a look at the last 100 years of Russian history through the prism "world Zionist conspiracy" (or Masonic); the idea that visitors are a weapon of power against Russians; focus on the unification within the borders of Russia of “the entire Russian people”, namely the Great Russians, Little Russians and Belarusians; Orthodox character of the organization.
RIM sees Russia as a state called upon resist " like a Western Atlantic and Islamic globalization projects ” [30] .
At RONS and RID there are only two significant differences. Firstly, somewhat different attitude towards the institute monarchy, from the point of view of the RIM, “ the Monarchy has a service role. She is not a target. If she were the target, then her have long been recreated, in the Masonic version, for example. Our goal is to revive Orthodox statehood, and it can exist only in the form Monarchies " [31] . Secondly, RID, more than RONS, is focused on imperial expansion: “ Empire is the natural and only way of development of the Russian people. Spiritual, military and economic expansion Russians on the territory of Eurasia is not only a mission to spread Orthodox civilization is a way of self-defense, self-preservation of the people ” [32] . For example, RID, like DPNI with SS, and unlike RONS is not ready to part with the republics of the North Caucasus, stating: “ these and similar attempts to destroy the territory historical Russia into sovereign khanates and principalities have already led in the past to division of the Russian people into several territorial entities with anti-Russian regimes: RF, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, etc. (…) No dismemberers of Russia! Not an inch of native land! » [33] .
Russian platform
Described above Russian the imperial movement is not only part of the Russian association, but also recently joined another, competing, unifying project - "Russian platform”, which was established by the Russian social movement (ROD) of Constantine Krylova and the Russian Civil Union (RGS) Anton Susova.
As well as in in the case of the Russians, the Russian Platform is extremely vague in terms of ideology Union. The official goal of the project is the formation of an ultra-right "civil movement", i.e. this initiative is a continuation of attempts to form a single far-right organization with a broad base of supporters. Note that the creators specifically stipulate that "Russian platform" is not a party project, but a "civil initiative”, apparently realizing that such a party would not be registered and will not be able to participate in elections.
From the list of questions which "Russian platform" considers important and significant (cancellation of Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the abolition of subsidies Caucasian regions, recognition of Russia as the national state of the Russian people, the legalization of firearms, etc.) it is clear that the creators tried include in the tasks of the movement only those items that are shared by the overwhelming majority the majority of the ultra-right, will not cause controversy and disagreement, will not scare away potential supporters.
For now moment, the main thing for the "Russian platform" is the holding of a multi-stage all-Russian action “Stop feeding the Caucasus”. This slogan according to the organizers, they will support not only other right-wing radicals, but also "ordinary citizens". So far (at the time of writing, i.e. at the end October 2011) the success of the "Russian platform" can be considered that the slogan supported by the main competitors - the association "Russians", as well as some other political groups and individuals (for example, the popular political blogger Alexei Navalny).
In order to get a clearer understanding of the Russian platform, just as in the case of the "Russians", it is advisable to consider the individual organizations included in the association.
Russian social movement
Russian the social movement of K. Krylov was founded in 2005. Ideologically and historically ROD is extremely close to DPNI, and until recently these organizations constantly cooperated with each other.
Ideology ROD, as well as most right-wing radicals, is ethno-nationalism with elements of racism. On the one hand, K. Krylov openly declares that he does not is a biological racist [34] , however, he recognizes racism as a “useful property” and a sign of “healthy society”: “ Take, for example, such an important social practices like racism. In a healthy society - for example, in the European XIX century - it flourishes in every possible way. It looks like this : dubious types are not given good jobs, they are not invited to clubs, they generally keep for the second grade. But they don’t offend on purpose, they don’t say nasty things in the eyes (unless that if a racially handicapped person starts running into trouble, then he will be besieged), in general - behave without being overbearing. But also without formalities. If about person knows for sure that he not his own (well, there, mother - grandmother), they hold him for not his own. For someone, by the way, they can make an exception. Again same, tacit consensus, informally. Like: Disraeli is a great man, but Jews in general are, you know, people not of our circle »* [35] . However, at the same time, K. Krylov does not believe that racism should become official policy of the state, it is enough to keep it as "useful social practice". The organization was created as a "Russian human rights project”, designed to “protect Russians from manifestations of Russophobia”. By According to the ROD in Russia, there is a constant conflict between the "Russian nation", understood as an association Slavs, most of the Finno-Ugric peoples and most of the Turkic peoples, against the "coalition of non-Russians" , that is, those * " who consciously opposed themselves Russian nation and acts in the interests of limiting its rights and suppression" [36] . On practice, “non-Russians” primarily include the non-ethnic population of Russia, in mostly - people from the Caucasus, from Central Asia, gypsies and Jews. Based on this, any illegal actions of "non-Russians" in relation to "Russians" are always are interpreted as hate crimes, namely, as manifestations of Russophobia.
ROD openly not calls for violence against "ethnic enemies", but just like almost all the rest, indirectly encourages him, supporting neo-Nazis, convicted of violent crimes. However, helping the militants, the ROD motivates this by the fact that some of these people are perhaps innocent: "Among them and those convicted of violent crimes. However, their sentences usually based on confessions extracted by torture, and often in practice it is impossible to tell whether these people are guilty of what they are accused of - or whether punished only for the fact that they became known to law enforcement agencies as Russian nationalists" [37] . Beginning Since about 2008, the ROD has been moving into tough opposition to the current regime, whose representatives also considers “non-Russians”: “ In the view of non-Russians ruling this country, the very presence of Russians in Russia is the same shame as for French burghers - girls on the corners. Russian is something shameful, dirty, lowering capitalization and generally abomination " [38] an In particular, it is assumed that a large number of visitors is the result of purposeful anti-Russian policy of the authorities - " migrants are brought here in order to displace and terrorize Russians (and not only by their actions, but by their very presence) ” [39] .
Atypical for ultra-right environment is the negative attitude of K. Krylov to the classical ideas of right-wing radicals about the presence of ultra-secret and super-powerful Jewish organizations that enslaved world. He calls such ideas "marginalizing ideology", the main the purpose of which is “ under the guise of a message some truth to inspire a person with a feeling of complete impotence and the impossibility of something to do, or direct his efforts in a deliberately non-constructive direction ” [40] . At the same time, anti-Semitism in the ideology of the ROD persists and is present simply in the form of the assertion that all Jews are Russophobes and are the main enemies humanity in general and the Russian people in particular [41] .
Religious factor for the ROD is practically not significant, however, Orthodoxy is recognized as “the main Russian religion.
Russian ROD I want to see a "Russian national state" with a fixed dominant position of the Russian people. It is assumed that the regime in the new state will democratic, understood as "expression of the will of the majority" and opposed liberalism - as "the expression of the will of all kinds of minorities." K. Krylov believes that the most suitable state system for the Russian people should become a "non-centralized territorial federation of Russian lands", suggesting strong regional self-government (by analogy with the states in USA) and the predominance of the Russian population in each of its subjects. For implementation it is necessary to carry out preparatory work: " hostile non-Russian territories must be separated ( only if they are not can be made non-hostile - V.A.) , uninhabited - populate, and give the newly acquired the same rights as everyone else (there are in mind those regions that are now outside the Russian Federation, but which may want to join the new state - V.A.) [42] .
Do not do it, however, to understand the above quotation as a direct call for the separation of "hostile non-Russian territories", read - the North Caucasus. As part of the "Enough feed the Caucasus!” separation option is considered only as a spare, on if the proposed program does not work [43] .
Separately worth note that K. Krylov quite consistently opposes the construction a new state in the format of a classical empire, because believes that in this case, all the hardships of maintaining the integrity and economic stability states will fall on the Russians (" imperial statesmen in principle, they cannot but look at Russians as a “labor resource” that only hard work is valuable. Russians are needed to ensure greatness and the power of the state, otherwise why are they needed? » [44] ).
Russian civil union
Second an organization that is part of the Russian Platform, the Russian Civil Union (Anton Susov, Alexander Khramov), is the most moderate of all of the above and the youngest - she appeared in November last year and created with the aim of starting broad cooperation between Russian nationalists and the democratic opposition ” [45] .
In the CSG Manifesto declares the need for a synthesis of civil, ethnic and cultural nationalism, as a result of which a “ Russian political nation (...) will be built on base of the Russian ethnic core " [46] . From manifesto it is impossible to understand what this can mean on practice, but the mere fact that ethnocentrism is so moderate sets the organization apart from the rest.
CWG requires tightening of migration legislation and the introduction of a visa regime with countries of Central Asia, participates in the actions of nationalists against "ethno-crime", but at the same time does not demonize visitors through rhetoric of “occupation and Russophobia”, saying only that “the influx unskilled foreign labor force creates social tension and destroys the structure of the labor market” [47] . Except Moreover, the CSG differs from other organizations in the absence of radical a form of anti-Semitism, anti-Westernism and the deliberate rejection of conspiracy theories theories (“ We make our organization unattractive to various lovers of conspiracy theories. Yes, a statement about intention to dedicate the first action of the CSG to the memory of the Decembrist uprising has already caused hatred towards us from various fighters against the Masonic conspiracy and others aliens (as you know, some Decembrists were Freemasons, however, it had nothing to do with the mythical Jewish Masonic conspiracy ” [48] ).
Towards religion ideology CSG is completely indifferent.
CSG positions itself as a national-democratic organization, acts for civic values and freedoms, opposes itself to organizations " preaching further colonization Russian people under the pretext of "strengthening the state", promoting Eurasianism and fascism, Nazism, racism and communism, religious fundamentalism and medieval clericalism " [49] .
For example, for the lack of democracy is criticized by the association "Russians": " in in reality, the "Russians" represent only nationalist old-patriots, sympathizers of the "strong hand". They believe that the Russian people need "its own Kadyrov. But there is another point of view that the Russians defend national democrats: Russia does not need a new authoritarian dictatorship in return available, but legally elected power, expressing the interests of democratic Russian majority " [50] .
Also criticized exposed to many ordinary ultra-right, which, according to Anton Susov, do not perceive civil slogans and did not take place professionally (“ Gentlemen, are you afraid that a Tajik will be taken to your place. But, excuse me, who do you work for if you are afraid that a person is not speaking Russian, can you replace? » [51] ).
Quite often CGS takes part in various events (round tables, conferences, debates) along with representatives of the liberal opposition, with some of which the organization is willing to cooperate. However, in practice the main Radical ethno-nationalists still remain the comrades-in-arms of the CSG. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that other large Allies of the CSG could not be found. On the other hand, their non-radicality tests attractiveness. for a society of such "nationalism with a human face".
AUTONOMOUS RIGHT RADICALS
Turning to description of the environment of autonomous (i.e. not included in any ultra-right organizations) of right-wing radicals, it is worth mentioning right away that this environment is unconditionally heterogeneous and it is possible to describe only typical representatives, while in it there are followers of all types of ethnonationalist ideology. As sources, the most frequently occurring statements are used here visitors to right-wing sites, as well as texts, letters and interviews of people who are respected in the environment.
Previously most of the active autonomous participants in the ultra-right movement, belonged to the subculture of Nazi skinheads (with all the relevant paraphernalia), but gradually it began to recede into the past and now right-wing radicals are not bound by rigid subcultural boundaries. It makes a move more open to new members who may have previously been deterred by the need to adhere to clear environmental standards.
However subcultures within the movement exist. For example, extremely popular in recent years became the ideology of Straight Nazi Edge (NS sXe). She promotes healthy lifestyle (refusal of drugs, alcohol, smoking, in some cases - meat and free sex) and sports. Actually neo-Nazi component - racial criterion when choosing sexual partners (the slogan "Keep the blood clean!"). At the same time, it is important for neo-Nazis that this ideology allows them to stand out against the background of the "cattle" and meets the "combat missions of the movement": " sports and SXE are needed not only for health, pure genes and longevity (heroes die young, but the longer you live, the you will have more time), and above all, so that RAHOW (racial holy war - ed.) will be more effective ” [52] . The ideologists of the movement actively advertise sXe, opposing themselves to the Nazi skinhead movement: “ there was subculture, alcohol intoxication, often connections with all sorts of pseudo-right organizations and blue patriotism, and all actions boiled down to beating the muzzles of colored people, and rarely, rarely went beyond this framework. Now among the most active and thinking part of the comrades-in-arms, we have a refusal subcultures, total sXe, actions mostly only by autonomous cells, and from the actions - the killing of significant figures in the camp of the enemy and terrorist acts » [53] . In addition, support by right-wing radicals for a healthy lifestyle has become and a tool for promoting their ideology. So, for example, during the last of the year, the “Russian means sober” races are quite popular.
overwhelming most autonomous right-wing radicals are neo-Nazis, and see themselves as part of the "global white movement": " we we recognize only that religion, politics and social system, which put into racial components are at the forefront and do not see their existence outside of the White race ” [54] . IN first of all, they are focused on the creation of underground organizations for carrying out violent actions both against “enemies of other ethnicities” and against the “system”, i.e. the current political regime. Samples for them such well-known ultra-right terrorists as Nikita Tikhonov, Vasily Krivets, Nikolai Korolev, and groups such as the Borovikov-Voevodin gang or NSO-North. Of course, not all right-wing radicals do create such organizations, but many dream about it and honor those who succeed.
right-wing radical ideology in the environment of "autonomous" is simplified to the limit and comes down to a simple “we” versus “them”, where “we” are whites and Russians, and “they” is ZOG (this myth is shared everywhere), power (ZOG agents), "not white", any other opposition (also usually ZOG agents) and people leading a lifestyle that neo-Nazis consider "unworthy of a white man" (homeless people, alcoholics, drug addicts, homosexuals, representatives of subcultures of goths, punks, emo, etc.).
strategic the goal is the victory of the "white revolution" through which will be able to get rid of all "them". Ideology encourages any action (provocations, arson, vandalism, murders, terrorist attacks, etc.) that “bring closer white revolution", there are no moral and ethical restrictions: " For any true sknihdad it is natural to kill Khachev's children, women, old people, this is an everyday white racist practices . It can only be condemned by ordinary people and mentally unhealthy people ” [55] . The social situation is interpreted through discourse a war in which there are enemies, heroes, captured comrades, victims, etc., which means that the ultra-right consider themselves entitled to act “according to the laws of military time," when everything that harms your enemy is morally and justified: " Everything murders of enemies of the Russian people and the white race, as well as foreigners , except for the indigenous peoples of Russia (...) , are recognized from now on destruction of enemy forces according to the law of war ” [56] .
ideological landmarks for autonomous neo-Nazis are the works of the NSDAP leaders of the early period, various books on racology and similar “sciences”, as well as the “works” of neo-Nazis serving sentences for violent crimes.
Note that in over the past two years, the genre of letters from the zone from the "white heroes" has acquired a large popularity. First of all, far-right websites publish letters life-sentenced neo-Nazis, tk. they have the most authority in the environment. Some of them try to become the ideologists of the movement, agitating in letters for one or another strategy of behavior. For example, at the beginning September 2011, two letters from Nikita Tikhonov appeared on the Internet, in which he tried to introduce a change, quite significant from our point of view, to the ideology of the militant wing of the ultra-right. In particular, in In these letters, he campaigned for the far right to get "closer to people": they adopted Orthodoxy, served as models and conductors of the Christian morality (" In my opinion, the true and promising path is the Christian revival. Fruits with Orthodox tree only strengthen the national organism, uniting us with common people who consider Orthodoxy their native faith and culture (...) in in such a situation, Russian nationalists can pave the way for moral rebirth of the nation » [57] ), and also abandoned the pro-Hitler rhetoric and the murders of visitors, because. This causes rejection in society (“ We need to be closer and more understandable to the people. Our Russian people. This is not only to condemn Hitlerism, but in general to abandon any discredited terms (...) Popularity is measured by the level of popular support for action nationalists. People do not support skinheading and hunting for guest workers ” [58] ). The reaction to these letters was ambiguous: some agreed with many arguments that Tikhonov cited, but most, as it should expect, considered that Orthodox values are not suitable for the far right movement, and the people are "cattle", to which it makes no sense to try to be closer, can only be re-educated.
Despite, that the argument about proximity to the people is often rejected, we note that in the question attitudes towards society over the past two years there has been a slight shift: now many believe that that the actions of right-wing radicals (for example, terrorist attacks) should not lead to injury or death of Russians not involved in the far right movement, because it hurts the image of the movement. Previously, it dominated the opinion that “vegetables are not a pity” and “useful actions” should be carried out without regard to them: “ the mortified vegetables are in no way citizens, because a citizen is a patriot of his homeland, a person who puts higher ideological, spiritual values than material. Vegetables have long abandoned these values. I think that even if blow up the whole train next time, not half a car, not a single citizen will suffer " [59] .
privates right-wing radicals to a greater extent than members legal ultra-right organizations suffer from paranoid delusions persecution, prompting you to look for enemies everywhere, including among your own. Thanks to therefore, anyone who does not agree with the position of one or another right-wing radical is immediately called a Jew, a traitor, provocateur, FSB agent or ZOG associate, this makes it nearly impossible for any form of controversy, and the discussion slips to a stream of mutual insults and claims.
It is worth noting, that, as a rule, representatives of the neo-Nazi environments have a negative attitude towards the leaders of legal right-wing radical organizations, believing that the very fact of their legal status is a sign of betrayal and “service Kremlin. This is one of the reasons why many refuse to visits to public events organized by right-wing radicals organizations, believing that "these certainly will not do anything worthwhile," but only earn political points. However, in general, despite the fact that distrust and even hatred for legal organizations and their way of fighting with the help of non-violent actions have not disappeared neo-Nazis are now more willing to participate in their public events [60] and even express a desire to organize them themselves. This is the result of two extremely important processes in our opinion. First, so same as in the case of legal organizations, in the environment of "autonomous" there was a change of priorities: a few years ago, the fight against “non-ethnic enemies” was the primary task of the neo-Nazis, and countering the “system” was secondary. Now these items have been reversed. Secondly, after the riots on Manezhnaya Square autonomous neo-Nazis, probably for the first time believed in mass actions as a way to fight against the state and now focus on underground sabotage struggle is adjacent to the orientation towards holding public events with broad public support. These are two "orientations" require diametrically opposed strategies, but the choice is not yet made, and its necessity is not meaningful and not framed ideologically.
CONCLUSION
For the last two years, the right-wing radical environment is rapidly changing, inside it goes process of gradual consolidation around the idea of counteracting the current political regime: “ in recent years, in the right-wing resistance there is clearly a new trend. From attacks on the infantry of the invaders, Russian rebels switched to attacks on the police and officials who import these occupiers and cover " [61] . And this, in fact, applies not only to the military, but also to the political wing. movement. Already many, although by no means all, rank-and-file ultra-rightists are already reorienting themselves towards the legal and democratic rhetoric that side by side with the rhetoric of radical ethno-nationalism and racism.
Legal Far Right organizations are trying to develop an ideological policy that will allow to win over to its side ordinary citizens who share anti-regime and xenophobic views in a non-radical form, and aggressive neo-Nazis. From public discourse for the sake of it is practically excluded open racism, slogans are selected that, on the one hand, could gain public approval, and on the other hand, to show ordinary neo-Nazis that “we you". An example is the slogan “Stop feeding the Caucasus”, adopted by the Russian Platform: on the one hand, the idea of "fair" or rational budgetary financing of regions can attract even people with liberal or leftist views, but on the other hand, the obvious the ethno-nationalist subtext of this slogan is a sign, including for "autonomous". However in no way can it be said that that this consolidation process is nearing completion. Although autonomous right-wing radicals are now more willing to participate in public actions, organized by legal organizations, their mistrust to the last is saved as is saved and orientation to power underground sabotage struggle. More In addition, coalitions of ultra-right organizations now hold on only on the common opposition for all of them, but in reality, the organizations included in them ideologically very different. To fully participate in political life countries, sooner or later they will still need to create at least any consistent and realistic political program (while all program texts suffer from such a high degree of populism, that even associates say that these are just attempts to wishful thinking valid), but this will most likely cost them unity .
Despite, that at this stage right-wing radicals appeal to democratic values, they say about rights and freedoms, their ideology remains the opposite of liberal democracy in its essence: it rejects universalist values, puts ethnic disengagement and related discriminatory practices, preached by one or other "only true lifestyle”, is based on “negative mobilization” and justifies repressive methods "for the good of the nation".
[1] The main ideologists of the approach: Bruno Bauch, Clifford Geertz, Van den Bregh, Lev Gumilyov.
[2] Rogozin D. Enemy of the people. M.: Algorithm, 2006. S. 145.
[3] Philosopher Alexander Dugin: To be Russian means to be anti-American // Komskomolskaya Pravda. 2003. March 25 ( http://kp.ru/daily/22999/2592/ ).
[4] Prokhanov and emptiness // Polit.ru. 2006. November 2 ( http://polit.ru/culture/2006/11/02/prohanov_print.html ).
[5] DPNI // Youtube.com. 2007. May 15 ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k75mV6HYJ6g ).
[6] ZOG wants to take full control of cellular communications, under the pretext fight against telephone terrorism // Right news. 2011. March 12.
[7] Communists came up with their answer to the national question // News. 2011. October 3 ( http://www.izvestia.ru/news/502777 ).
[8] Gypsies, Azerbaijanis, Armenians distribute drugs in Orel // Right News. 2010. December 3rd.
[9] Vladimir Regional Court recognized RONS as extremist organization // SOVA Center. 2011. June 6 ( http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2011/06/d21822/ ).
[10] Artemov Igor. Russian society "turns brown before our eyes" // RONS-Inform. 2006. October 30.
[11] Dmitry Kukushkin. Who needs lies about the Holocaust and why // Website RONS. 2005. November 23.
[12] Artemov Igor. Russian society "turns brown before our eyes" // RONS-Inform. 2006. October 30.
[13] Timakov Vladimir. Democracy is a society of death // RONS website. 2006. 19 October.
[14] This is not a utopia. This is the future of Russia // RONS-Inform. 2011. July 2.
[15] Turik Alexander. On the territory of the Russian state. Experience posing the question // RONS website. 2011. January 7th.
[16] Earlier it was proposed to hold a referendum in some regions of the former union republics with a large proportion of the Russian population (Ukraine, entirely or not, Belarus, Transnistria, Northern Kazakhstan and Northern Kyrgyzstan) about their accession to Russia. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether this idea is relevant for RONS so far.
[17] Statement by Vladimir Basmanov, head of the DPNI Central Administration // DPNI.org. 2010. October 12.
[18] Belov again sew a criminal case // DPNI.org. 2008. April 14.
[19] Alexander Belov: Siloviki terrorize the population, mislead leadership of the country and return Russia to the “Stalin era” // DPNI.org. 2009. March 15th.
[20] Alexander Belov about the past Russian May Day 2011 // DPNI.org. 2011. May 1.
[21] Interview with Dmitry Demushkin // Youtube.com. 2008.8 January
[22] Dmitry Bakharev, Slavonic Power. Our enemy is not Caucasians at all // Slavic Union. 2010. December 15.
[23] On Tuesday, May 3, at 19-30, in the program Mobilization Dmitry Demushkin answered the questions of ShturmTV.com to policemen: the triumph of Aslakhan's law in Moscow?" // Slavyansky union. 2011. May 3.
[24] Demushkin and Belov in Chechnya. Video results // Youtube.com. July 4, 2011 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c27dCMmK_hE)
[25] Program // National Socialist Initiative. 2009.
[26] Speech by NSI coordinator Dmitry Bobrov at the rally "Against ethnic crime and corruption" // rutube.ru. 2011. January 19.
[27] Schultz: I will fight through an interview // Right News. 2009.
[28] Is it easy to breathe in Ukraine? NSI coordinator Alexey Maksimov talks about his impressions // [Diary NSI]. 2010. May 19.
[29] Doctrine // National Socialist Initiative. 2009.
[30] Political program of the Russian imperial movement // RID website.
[31] . Stanislav Vorobyov: "The most important thing in the feat of the Sovereign is imitation of the Lord Christ" // RID website. 2010. March 27.
[32] Not to be a warrior in modern Russia for a Russian man is criminal weakness // RID website. 2011. August 21.
[33] No to the dismemberers of Russia // RID website. 2011. October 14.
[34] Krylov Konstantin. About racism, long // [Diary of K. Krylov]. 2009. April 23.
[35] Krylov Konstantin. About fascism, final // [Diary of K. Krylov]. 2008. February 26.
[36] Krylov Konstantin. Accuracy in expressions // [Diary of K. Krylov]. 2011. January 22.
[37] July 25 is the Day of Solidarity with Nationalist Prisoners // ROD Association. 2011. July 19.
[38] Krylov Konstantin. On the situation of Russians in the Russian Federation, formal // [Diary K. Krylova]. 2011. February 18.
[39] Krylov Konstantin. To the migration issue // [Diary of K. Krylov]. 2011. 21st of June.
[40] Krylov Konstantin. Worldview. Russian anti-Semitism drinking bowl for cockroaches // [Diary of K. Krylov]. 2009. January 27.
[41] Ibid.
[42] Krylov Konstantin. Russian National State. State structure (part 2) // [K. Krylov's diary]. 2009. July 29.
[43] This is how it is described in the collective report “Kavkaz-2011: Russian sight". It is published as a brochure, and the report is also available online. edited by the same Krylov, a journal of the moderate wing of Russians ethno-nationalists: Caucasus-2011: Russian view // Website of the journal "Questions nationalism” (http://vnatio.org/arhiv-nomerov/node82/).
[44] Ibid.
[45] Russian Civil Union. Help // RIA Novosti. December 12, 2010
(http://ria.ru/spravka/20101212/307662559.html)
[46] Manifesto on the formation of the National Democratic Movement Russian Civil Union // CSG website. 2010. November 18.
[47] Ibid.
[48] National democracy – a step towards national freedom // site RGS. 2010. December 12.
[49] Manifesto on the formation of the National Democratic Movement Russian Civil Union // CSG website. 2010. November 18.
[50] Statement of the NDM "RGS" on the contacts of some representatives of the Russian movement and leadership of Chechnya // site of the RGS. 2011. July 7.
[51] Forward to Rurik! // Is it true. 2010. November 23 ( http://www.pravda.ru/politics/parties/other/22-11-2010/1058275-rgs-0/ ).
[52] Alexei Voevodin responds to comments from NSWAP readers // Right News. 2011. January 30.
[53] A subculture is a party that does not carry anything good // Right News. 2011. June 6.
[54] Nikola Korolev: "The Numbers of Righteousness" // Right News. 2011.6 August.
[55] Interview with NS-fiction writer Dmitry Chestny // Right News. 2011. May 22.
[56] Korolev Nikolay. RONA. A new stage in the struggle // Right News. 2010. September 5th.
[57] Nikita Tikhonov about Islamic trends in the Russian movement // Right News. 2011. 2011. 8 September.
[58] Nikita Tikhonov on the “Third Position”, the problems of the “right” movement and anarchism // Right News. 2011. 6 September.
[59] Commentary on the news: A market was blown up in Vladikavkaz, in Dagestan killed a cop and found a bomb at the Irganai hydroelectric power station // Right News. 2010.9 September.
[60] For example, on stocks 2010 year against "ethnocrime" in Moscow gathered 20 people, and in 2011 on a similar occasion, 150-200 people, and on the procession of the "Russian Platform" (ROD, RGS, "Moscow Defense League") - 300-500 people. It is safe to say that such a numerical increase, especially in the second case, partly due to the presence at the shares autonomous neo-Nazis.
[61] The sacred meaning of the Russian war // Slavic news. 2011. May 17.
Sources
- Press reviews:
- A new report of the SOVA Center has been published // ASI. 2011. October 31.
- Right Thoughts // Expert. 2011. November 3.