Evgeny Gontmamer: Let people pour cones

Polit.ru continues to publish performances at a round table dedicated to the discussion of the introduction of luxury tax. The discussion is continued by the head of the Center for Social Policy of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the Rights of the Institute of Modern Development Evgeny Gontmamer.

Of course, talking about such a tax is a purely political move. No real luxury tax, I think, will not be introduced. For a very simple reason. Because two concepts are confused: a tax on some specific objects: yachts, expensive cars, houses, etc. - And, at the same time, there really is a problem of taxation of cash income, because we have this taxation is more regressive than progressive.

Recently, three years ago, the maximum amount of earnings from which contributions to social insurance funds are taken. I believe that this is a gross mistake: they aggravated the situation when the main part of people receives small income, low wages and a full fee is paid from it, and reduced from solid and super -high salaries. Recently, inheritance tax has been canceled, we will not introduce real real estate tax calculated on market grounds.

Therefore, the purpose of the introduction of luxury tax is purely political.

I think that the Ministry of Finance will stumble immediately on where to put the border of luxury. This is the first. For example, cars. Ferrari? Well, yes, everyone understands, this, of course, is a luxury. And now, a little lower in the class, for example, Volvo. This should already be discussed. And this kind of discussion usually turns into a bazaar, they increase the subjectivity of approaches sharply. And the second, from my point of view, the situation that concerns these boundaries is an assessment of real estate. How many years have been talking about the introduction of a real real estate tax. This must be done. Because the fact that we are paying for our apartments now is a penny for land. This must be done. And the WHO is now there. Therefore, it seems to me that with a professional approach from our politicians, leaders, we must rather squeeze this and similar questions. And the luxury tax, as well as the “working aristocracy”, is a move towards the worship of the mountain. I hope only the election.

It should be noted that we actually have a superiority tax. Here you are building a house on Rublevka. You obviously buy building materials at ultra -high prices, which, incidentally, are higher than if such a house were built in a European country. If you buy Ferrari, Lamborghini from us, you yourself perfectly understand that you buy it more expensive than you can buy in even Paris.

In fact, those people who show the demand for exclusive goods, they already pay tax in fact.

This must be understood, purely economically.

The level of tax administration in our country is absolutely insufficient for the introduction of real estate tax, because a completely different infrastructure is required, a completely different culture of working with the taxpayer and with taxes. Because they are in all countries, it’s just that we go out of it. Experiments with experiments, but I personally do not believe that in the coming years, real estate tax will be introduced. I do not believe, although this, of course, needs to be done.

There are two topics that require a quick solution. Inheritance tax. He was canceled. I think this is pure populism.

We fell into a difficult situation. To abolish or reduce tax is easy. And then admit that we were mistaken, that we must somehow fix it-colossal problems.

Here take the already mentioned insurance premiums. We fell into a trap. A few years ago, 10 percentage points were reduced. Immediately formed holes in all our extra -budgetary social funds, which are still not shown. It is necessary to choose future directions. There is a request not that for justice, I do not know how to measure it, but there is a request to ensure that the taxation system is really rebuilt with a regressive rebuild in the direction of progressive.

13%, probably, should stay, this is a sacred cow, a certain symbol of personal income tax, it is unlikely to be canceled. But there are reserves - the mentioned real estate tax (however, only after certain preparatory measures of an anti -corruption and structural nature) transport tax. By the way, people calmly tolerate increased excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol, especially for super -expensive brands and inheritance tax. It is necessary to return to this. I understand this is hard, because we are used to the fact that he is no longer there. And there are a bunch of borderline states. Is there a phenomenon of a borderline state when one extreme is visible and visible another extreme, but where is the line between them for a specific administration? This is colossally difficult, because many people get into unfair situations. An example was given a hundred times. The grandmother, who lives on Arbat in a three -room apartment, - well, it happened, because she received an apartment back in Soviet times for her large family, and now she was left alone. And if we introduce real estate tax, we need to somehow protect this grandmother. Does it need to be fenced off from a blow to her modest pension budget - maybe not? You can tell her: “Darling, sell your apartment, here is Orekhovo -Borisovo, buy one -room, you will have some difference - and live calmly.” This is a large moral choice that has not yet been made, and it must be discussed.

That's why

The problem of borderline conditions requires colossal research,

What is Ivan Belytin talking about, studies of sociological, different types of families, farms. We do not have this, unfortunately.

We rest against the culturalum fork, on the issue of egg and chicken, because there is a point of view that municipalities are not ready. This is understandable: because of who works there, very low administration quality. But on the other hand, if we continue to repeat this, we will not have anything. Yes, some period, if we allow it, it will be a difficult period, there will be a distillation of livestock. There will be some group of communists who will say: give everything here - and everyone will scatter into another municipality.

It is necessary to give people the opportunity to fill cones.

This is a question about the transition periods that Russia is constantly worried, and we can’t finish all these transitional periods. Because we do not understand at what pace we need to move. I agree here with Ivan Begtin - we must move at the fastest pace. And this, plus judicial reform, is what should be done in Russia now.