Russian nationalist parties: registration with the Ministry of Justice

Content:

Introduction : Changes in Russian legislation : “Outsider” parties : Statist patriots : National Democrats : Radical nationalists : Monarchists and Cossacks : Party exotica : Organizations about which information is fragmentary or absent : Conclusions

Introduction

During the period from December 2011 to May 2012, party building on the far-right flank was very active. New associations and, mainly, organizational committees of political parties appeared. Many of them had previously participated in political life, while we first learned the names of other organizations from information messages from the press service of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation [1] .

The active process of party building is not specific to the far-right flank. Organizational changes are now taking place among representatives of all parts of the Russian political spectrum. There are two obvious reasons for the boom in party building. The first is mass political protests against election fraud in the winter of 2011–2012 [2] and the second is the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law “On Political Parties,” which radically facilitated their creation (note that before this reform, many nationalists insisted that they were not going to turn their organizations in the party).

This review examines the party building of Russian nationalists at the beginning of May 2012. First of all, we are interested in organizations that have already submitted applications to the Ministry of Justice for subsequent registration and thereby declared their intention to participate in elections in the near future or intend to do so in the near future. The party building process is currently actively continuing: new organizing committees submit applications to the Ministry of Justice virtually every working day. And in this situation, we considered the only possible step to record the situation as of a specific date - May 3.

Many parties do not have published program documents. At best, the political orientation of an organization can be inferred from interviews with leaders or authorized persons. Just by the name of the organization it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the political preferences of such organizations as, for example, “Smart Russia”, “Party of Citizens”, “Russia without Obscurantism”. Therefore, the list of parties we have selected may not be complete. On the other hand, sometimes a party may appear to be nationalist rather than actually be so.

Changes in Russian legislation

The conditional signal for mass organizational activity was the draft Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Political Parties” [3] , submitted by the President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev to the State Duma on December 23, 2011.

According to this bill, the rules for registering political parties are significantly simplified: the minimum number of organizations wishing to obtain state registration as a party is reduced to 500 people, and the requirement for the presence of regional branches in half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is abolished. The reporting requirements for political parties are also being simplified: once every three years, while under existing legislation reporting should be done annually.

The bill was approved by the Federal Assembly - and on April 3, 2012, at a meeting with the leaders of initiative groups for the creation of political parties, the president signed the new Law [4] . This meeting was attended by representatives of more than 40 political associations and organizational committees of political parties.

On March 14, 2012, the online newspaper “Vzglyad” published a list of 68 organizing committees of future political parties that submitted applications for registration of political parties to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

A quick glance at this list revealed the presence of a large number of political associations seeking to reflect the ideas of nationalism in their names. The authors of the first publication about new parties, Irina Kostyukova and Andrei Rezchikov, wrote about it this way: “The overwhelming number of new parties that may appear in Russia in the near future use nationalist ideas and rhetoric...” And further: “... As follows from the list, the overwhelming Most of the new parties being created defend patriotic and openly nationalist ideas. Six parties used the word “Russian” or “national” in their names. So, if they all manage to register, already this spring the Party for the Revival of National Social Justice in Russia, the “Club of Friends of the Russian People”, “NATIONAL CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF RUSSIA”, “We are the Russian People” (the authors’ spelling has been preserved) will appear. “Rus” and the National Democratic Party of Russia. Three more parties mentioned the word “Motherland” in their title” [5] .

Let us add that in mid-March 2012, four monarchist and three Cossack parties also appeared on the list [6] .

A month later, on April 19, 2012, updated “Information on the “acting” organizational committees of political parties...” (hereinafter referred to as “Information...”) were published on the website of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The new list of the Ministry of Justice, in addition to the name of the organizing committee, contains other, more detailed information: the date of creation of the organizing committee, the date of filing the application and information about the responsible persons. Currently, the list is updated virtually daily.

“Outsider” parties

As of May 3, 2012, “Information...” includes information about 170 organizing committees. It should be noted that the first three organizations included in the version of the list dated March 14, 2012 have already dropped out of it, since they did not hold congresses during the year and did not provide documents for registration. In mid-April, one of the first to lose its powers was the organizing committee of the Rodina: Common Sense party (RZS, leader – Mikhail Delyagin). In May-June, three more organizations may be excluded from the list: the Socialist People's Party of Russia “People”, the Party for the Revival of National Social Justice in Russia and the “Our Motherland” party [7] .

The Socialist People's Party "People" is a group of distributors of the newspaper "In Their Own Names". The newspaper is better known under the old names “Duel” and “To the Barrier!” Previously, fans of the newspaper united in the interregional public movement “Army of the People’s Will” created by the editor of the publication Yu. Mukhin. The AVN movement was recognized as extremist on November 19, 2010. Prior to this, several articles from the newspaper “Duel” and a leaflet with the title “You chose - you judge!”, published on behalf of the “Army of the People’s Will,” were included in the “Federal List of Extremist Materials.” Newspapers "Duel" and "To the Barrier!" were closed according to court decisions in May 2009 and April 2011, respectively. In October 2011, materials were sent to the court regarding the termination of the activities of the newspaper “In Their Own Names” in accordance with anti-extremist legislation [8] .

The “People” party, like another project of the editorial board of the “Duel” newspaper, the Initiative Group for a Referendum “For Responsible Power,” retains the ideology of the “Army of the People’s Will” - a Stalinist version of Russian nationalism.

By mid-June 2012, the organizing committee of the Party for the Revival of National Social Justice in Russia was also under threat of losing its powers. However, on June 2, 2012, the party plans to hold a congress on the territory of the Konstantin Vasiliev Museum [9] . This small party is currently striving to actively participate in the political life of the country. The leader of the party, Konstantin Klimov, received a deputy mandate following the results of the municipal elections on March 4, 2012. The party actively participates in far-right rallies and pickets, and is also involved in helping convicted Russian nationalists. Konstantin Klimov took part in a meeting of representatives of political associations with Russian President D. Medvedev on April 3, 2012. The party leadership adheres to a radical nationalist ideology. The official party page on the Internet publishes positive reviews about A. Hitler and the policies of the Third Reich [10] .

And finally, the third organizing committee, whose term of office ended on May 6, 2012, is the political party “Our Motherland”. However, on behalf of the person responsible for registration, Oleg Stolyarov, in mid-March 2012, an application was submitted to register another political party - “For Our Motherland” [11] .

The difference between these two party projects with similar names is as follows: “Our Motherland” was created as a union of three political associations - “Great Russia” of Andrei Savelyev, RZS (by this time there was a split in the party, and the agreement was signed on behalf of the RZS by V. Filin [12] , see below) and “For our Motherland” by Mikhail Lermontov. Oleg Stolyarov's second application refers only to the part of Mikhail Lermontov. The name of the leader of the party “For Our Motherland”, a distant relative and full namesake of the poet M.Yu. Lermontov, became known to the general public after the meeting of the President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev with representatives of unregistered parties on February 20, 2012.

The party program is based on the ideas of “people's patriotism.” M. Lermontov’s party is closely associated with the Foundation for Promoting the Unification of the Russian People “Russians”, one of the most famous initiatives of which was the creation of the social network “All Russians”. In the final materials of the congress, held on April 28, 2012, the party is called “Russian Conservative Party “For Our Motherland”” and positions itself as an association of supporters of “people's patriotism” [13] .

Patriotic statesmen

After Dmitry Rogozin returned to Russian politics, the activities of the All-Russian socio-political association “Motherland” intensified. Congress of Russian Communities" (chaired by State Duma deputy from the United Russia faction Alexey Zhuravlev). On April 27, on behalf of the association, an application was submitted for registration of the All-Russian political party “Rodina” [14] . However, among the organizational committees registered with the Ministry of Justice there was already one All-Russian political party “Rodina”, whose authorized representative is Dmitry Suchkov. As it turned out, this organization has nothing to do with Dmitry Rogozin’s party. Apparently, in order to distinguish the organizations of the same name, the name of the party of Rogozin and A. Zhuravlev is now written in capital letters. Most likely, the organization whose authorized representative is D. Suchkov is a typical “clone party” (“clones” are generally represented in abundance in the “Information ..." of the Ministry of Justice).

Upon his return to Russia, D. Rogozin was actively involved in creating an organization of Russian nationalists loyal to the Kremlin. On February 26, 2012, he led the Volunteer Movement of the All-Russian Popular Front in support of the army, navy and military-industrial complex.

In general, fragments of the Rodina party lead in the number of applications submitted to the Ministry of Justice.

The most famous project is the already mentioned party “Motherland: Common Sense” (RZS). The collapse of the RZS was a rather complex process. One of its consequences was confusion with the organizing committees that submitted applications to the Ministry of Justice on behalf of the party.

The Ministry of Justice rejected the first application of the RZS organizing committee on March 17, 2011. And almost immediately after that, a split occurred in the RZS. On March 29, 2011, M. Delyagin was expelled from the party he had created [15] , and two proto-parties of the RZS arose: one was still headed by M. Delyagin, the other by Vladimir Filin.

In April 2011, Vladimir Filin signed an agreement on behalf of the RZS to participate in the union (organizing committee of the party) “Our Motherland” (together with “Great Russia” by Andrei Savelyev and “For Our Motherland” by M. Lermontov, see above). The documents of “Our Motherland” were submitted to the Ministry of Justice in early May 2011. Currently, V. Filin is known only as a participant in coalition agreements with other small organizations of patriotic statesmen.

The Delyagin organizing committee of the RZS submitted a new application to the Ministry of Justice back in April 2011 (the authorized person was M. Delyagin’s like-minded journalist Anatoly Baranov). A year later, on April 26, 2012, this organizing committee lost its powers, and at present, as far as we know, M. Delyagin is not involved in party building.

In addition, the “Information...” includes several more associations created by former members of Rodina and RZS.

The “National Industrial Party “Honor and Motherland”” is headed by Andrey Rybin, a former member of the RZS organizing committee. According to him, the party continues the political traditions of Alexander Lebed.

The leader of the party "Motherland - United People's Party" [16] is Sergei Kovtun. The party is guided by the ideology of state patriotism and cooperates with the “People's Council” and the organizations of Sergei Kurginyan [17] . At the stage of the split in the RZS, S. Kovtun spoke together with V. Filin.

The political party “Sovereign Russia - Rus” [18] is headed by the chairman of the counting commission of the founding congress of the RZS, Evgeny Butov, and the United People's Party is headed by the secretary of the Central Council of the RZS, Igor Krugovykh.

The preferences of these politicians are so fickle that it is difficult to judge the ideological platform of the new associations. For example, Yevgeny Butov actively participated in political life back in the 1990s and headed the dwarf Russian bourgeois-democratic party. Igor Krugovykh was one of the three leaders of the Interethnic Union electoral bloc, which received the lowest percentage of votes in the 1995 parliamentary elections.

The Great Russia party, created in 2007 by far-right politician Andrei Savelyev, a former ally of D. Rogozin, was denied registration in the same year. In this regard, the party leadership appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. At the beginning of 2012, A. Savelyev announced his refusal to register a new organizing committee due to the expectation of a response from Strasbourg, although at the same time he made efforts to revive his party, which had been almost forgotten since then.

Meanwhile, the organizing committee of the political party “New Great Russia” appeared in the “Information ...” of the Ministry of Justice. A. Savelyev declared the organization of the same name a “clone party”, which was created only to prevent the official registration of “Great Russia”. “New Great Russia” is headed by a famous publicist, a staunch supporter of the need for “strong power” in Russia, Nikolai Starikov.

Supporters of Alexander Dugin also had to face the problem of having organizations of the same name. Dugin’s deputy as director of the Center for Conservative Research at the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University, head of the information department of the International Eurasian Movement, Valery Korovin, applied for registration of the Eurasia Political Party. Judging by the identical names, three more parties lay claim to the ideology of Eurasianism: the Political Party “Eurasian Unity” (authorized person is Vladimir Zhuravlev), the Political Party “United Party of Eurasia” (Nadezhda Kosareva) and the Political Party “Eurasian Union” (Ekaterina Klimova). Perhaps the ideological principles of these three associations are not as radical as the theories of A. Dugin.

In January 2012, the Organizing Committee of the Majority People's Party was created. The initiators of the creation of the new party are former leaders of the Russian Christian Democratic Movement (RCDM) Viktor Aksyuchits and Valery Rastorguev. The activities of the RKhDD occurred in the late 80s - mid 90s. Viktor Aksyuchits, a famous religious publicist during perestroika, was a people's deputy of the RSFSR. Economist, professor at Moscow State University Valery Rastorguev was elected to the Federation Council in 1993. The new Aksyuchitsa-Rastorguev party mainly preserves the ideological guidelines of the Russian Christian Democratic Movement: patriotism, Orthodoxy, strong power. The innovation is the focus on unification of the “Russian superethnos”, for which it is necessary to develop a strategy for the joint development of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine [19] .

The lesser-known National Conservative Party of Russia also decided to resume its activities [20] . Currently, the organizing committee of the party is headed by the head of the Novosibirsk branch, Alexander Shevchenko. There are no representatives from Moscow on the new organizing committee. The party's ideologist and writer Sergei Lykoshin died in 2006. The ideological basis of the party is Orthodoxy and patriotism [21] .

Currently, of the well-known political associations based on the ideology of state patriotism, only the Russian All-People's Union (ROS) has not submitted an application.

The congress of the Russian All-People's Union took place on December 17, 2011. 176 delegates from 54 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were present at the congress, that is, all the necessary formalities for registration were observed [22] . The leadership of the party included such well-known and quite radical nationalist figures as Nikolai Kuryanovich, Roman Zentsov, Ivan Mironov, Alexander Turik. Party Chairman Sergei Baburin regularly takes part in meetings of representatives of unregistered political associations with the President of the Russian Federation. However, the necessary documents today have not yet been submitted to the Ministry of Justice.

Recently, in the coalition with Ros S. Baburin, the “party of business” Konstantin Babkin often performs. The name of the party became known after the participation of her leader in the meeting of D. Medvedev with representatives of unregistered parties on February 20, 2012. The documents of the Party of Case do not contain any specific ideological attitudes. Guided by such a program, the party could have concluded alliances with both centers and democrats. However, for some reason, the party has recently been working closely with Ros S. Baburin and participates in the events of Russian nationalists [23] .

National Democrats

According to “Information ...”, the Office Committee of the All-Russian Party “National Democratic Party” (NDP), whose authorized person is the well-right publicist Yegor Kholmogorov, has currently been applicable to the Ministry of Justice. The basis of the new party was two organizations: the Russian social movement (genus) Konstantin Krylov and the Russian Civil Union (RGS) Alexander Khramov. The main ideological guidelines of the new organization: the national democratic state and the republic with a strong presidential power [24] .

However, by March 24, 2012, the time of submission by the Organizing Committee of E. Kholmogorov, the Ministry of Justice has already registered an application from the organization with the actually identical name: “The All-Russian Political Party“ National Democratic Party of Russia ”. Unfortunately, at present we have no information about this organization, as well as about her authorized - Bogdanova Tatyana Aleksandrovna.

It should be noted that the New Power Party Valery Solovye, the main competitor of the VDP [25] , has not yet submitted an application to the Ministry of Justice, although he is actively engaged in real part -time.

An application for registration with the Ministry of Justice was also submitted by the political party "Alliance of Freedom". The headquarters of this small group is located in St. Petersburg, the head of the headquarters is Oleg Khrienko. The party was founded in November 2010 by a group of ultra -right activists of the Libertarian Party who left this organization. For some time, the "Alliance of Freedom" had a different name: "The Freedom Party is the party of the majority." On February 25, 2012, a decision was made to rename the organization. The political addictions of this group are very contradictory. In particular, she advocates toughening the migration policy and the procedure for obtaining citizenship for immigrants from countries with a totalitarian ideology, to which the authors of the program reckoning Islam [26] .

Radical nationalists

On April 20–23, 2012, in the situation of deep conspiracy, in the territory of Belarus, in the village of Glubokoye Vitebsk region, a congress of the ethnopolitical association “Russians” was held, at which the organizational committee of the new political party was formed. He was headed by the ex-head of the forbidden "Slavic Union" Dmitry Demushkin. It is known that Alexander Belov (head of prohibited movement against illegal immigration (DPNI), Dmitry Bobrov (National Socialist Initiative (NSI) and Georgy Borovikov (Russian Front of Liberation Memory ”) took part in the“ underground ”congress [27] . The new organization was a new organization. It was decided to name the “Party of Nationalists”, and the imperial flag was chosen as the emblem.

Viktor Pugachev also applied for registration with the “political party of national unity“ Rus' ”. V. Pugachev announced the creation of a new party on the basis of the Rus association in September 2011. The organization actively participated in shares in defense of Colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and in the Russian imperial march.

Radical nationalist organizations also include the political party “Party of Renaissance of National Social Justice in Russia” (Leader-K. Klimov), mentioned above.

Perhaps it is soon worth expecting an receipt from the organizing committee of the People’s Party Party of Russia, whose leader is the war veteran of the world Zionist conspiracy against Russia Vladimir Miloserov was invited to meet with D. Medvedev on April 3, 2012

Monarchists and Cossacks

Four organizational committees of monarchical parties who want to receive registration in the Ministry of Justice are a few groups, some of which have a very distant attitude towards Russian nationalism. Nevertheless, the monarchical idea in Russia in the 20th century has traditionally been closely connected with Russian nationalism, so we found it possible to include organizational committees of monarchical parties in the review. Their software installations in some cases are definitely nationalist, in others - we are still unknown.

Among those who applied to the Ministry of Justice for registration, the Monarchical Party "Autocratic Russia" (MPSR) is most famous. The authorized person of the Organizational Committee is Yuri Gorsky (known as the leader of the Coalition of the dwarf groups "Rousse"). The application from the organization received on October 12, 2011, “Autocratic Russia” was created in February 2011. The last chairman of the Union of the Russian People (SRN) (group of Leonid Ivashov; SRN had long lost unity) Dmitry Merkulov was elected its chairman. However, in August-September 2011, as a result of disagreements between D. Merkulov and the group, which included Yu. Gorsky, a split occurred in the party. The result of the conflict was the exclusion of Yu. Gorsky from the “autocratic Russia” and his like -minded people, which took place at the II Congress of the party. Despite this, since September 2011, the group of Yu. Gorsky has been speaking on behalf of the MPSR [28] . In particular, it was the group of Yu. Gorsky that applied to the Ministry of Justice.

Another fragment of “autocratic Russia” is the organizational committee of the Russian Monarchical Party. It is headed by the former head of the Ivanovo branch of the Monarchical Party "Autocratic Russia" Oleg Malikov. The organization considers itself the successor of the party created by D. Merkulov. The Organizational Committee, in addition to O. Malikov (Ivanovo), also included representatives of a number of regional branches of the MPSR: Yaroslavsky, Vladimir, Krasnoyarsk Regional, Mari El Republic [29] .

Currently, there is no information whether the chairman of the once unified MPSR D. Merkulov is going to separately register the organizational committee [30] .

The other two organizing committees who have submitted applications to the Ministry of Justice on behalf of the monarchists, apparently, have a distant attitude towards Russian nationalism.

The first is the “monarchical party” of a political scientist and a millionaire from Yekaterinburg Anton Bakov. A. Bakov is known for the variability of his political views - from Siberian separatism to the “Union of Right Forces”. Therefore, his monarchical project should not be considered as a serious political force. Recently, A. Bakov opened the new website of the Russian Empire [31] , on which he publishes documents and materials of the norless state of the same name. On the same site, they are registered in the “Unified Imperial Register” to participate in subsequent elections in the “Imperial Parliament” (SIC!) Another two protoparties, about which the general public learned only thanks to the publication in the “Information ...” the Ministry of Justice: the Union of Cossack Formations and “We , Russian people ” [32] . Most likely, these two organizations are not projects of Anton Bakov, and registration on A. Bakov’s website “Russian Empire” serves as an advertising course.

We add that the authorized person of the Organizational Committee of the “We, Russian People” Nikolai Gavrilov submitted two more applications to the Ministry of Justice for registration as parties of two organizational committees - the Political Party “Club of Friends of the Russian People” and the political party “Zemstvo of Russia”.

The second project to restore the monarchy in Russia, apparently, having nothing to do with Russian nationalism, is the All -Russian Political Party of the Monarchical Party of Russia, the authorized person of the organizing committee of which is the political strategist, the proxy of Andrei Bogdanov in the 2008 presidential election, Vadim Petrienko. Perhaps the interest of political technologists in the restoration of the monarchy in Russia is connected with the coming in 2013 by anniversary celebrations dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the Imperial House of the Romanovs.

Recently, the list of organizing committees has been replenished with another organization - the Imperial Party. The authorized person is Konstantin Sychev, but in fact the main character of the new organization is the ally of Dmitry Demushkin in the “Slavic Union” (then - “Slavic power”) Dmitry Bakharev. Recently, Bakharev has been actively promoting the idea of ​​the monarchy as the natural form of the organization of the Russian people and in this connection has suspended its membership in the "Slavic power" [33] .

As the activist of “Slavic power” Dmitry Bakharev writes in his blog, the main goals of the party are “revival of the Russian Empire and the restoration of autocracy”. We do not know anything about the involvement of D. Demushkin himself. Obviously, he will participate in the creation of a new party based on the ethnopolitical association “Russians” (see the section “Radical Nationalists”).

As of May 3, 2012, the Ministry of Justice received applications from the organizational committees of five Cossack associations.

The first application was received in July 2011. The authorized person of the Cossack Party Organizing Committee is Oleg Gonchar. It is known about him that in 2003 he ran for the State Duma from the Soyuz political party in the Achinsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and at that time was the commander of the Siberian Cossack Regiment.

In October 2011, the Ministry of Justice of the Political Party “World Brotherhood of Cossack and Officer Special Forces” turned to the Ministry of Justice. Brotherhood was registered by Victor Vishneva. It is known about him that in 2007 he ran for the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the list of the Party of Social Justice (leader - Alexei Podberezkin). Then Vishneva held the position of “Deputy General Director of the Military Association of Officers of the South and Don of the Russian Federation of the Russian Ministry of Defense”.

In January 2012, the application came from A. Bakov, which was already mentioned in connection with the monarchical project “People’s, Cossack consolidation of counteraction to officials, violating the laws, the constitution and natural rights of the Cossacks, to self -organization and self -government“ Union of Cossacks of the Russian Federation ”(SKF of the Russian Federation” (SKF of the Russian Federation ). For the past 20 years, an commissioner from the party committee of the party with a difficult to memorized name has headed various Cossack organizations. In 1996, Demin participated in the campaign in support of presidential candidate Alexander Lebed, and before the beginning of the political career was a criminal record under the station. 153 and 175 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ("private entrepreneurial activity" and "official forgery").

In April 2012, two more applications were registered: from the organizational committees of the political party “Cossacks of Russia” and the All -Russian political party “Cossack Political Party”.

About the authorized party "Cossacks of Russia" Leonid Simunin, the head of the Lyubertsy branch of the Prochrevsky movement "Local", on the Internet there are a lot of negative reviews.

The Organizing Committee of the Cossack Political Party is headed by Gennady Kovalev (Yekaterinburg), Major General of the Federation of the Cossacks of the Cossacks of the Russian Federation in the Ural-Volga District. In 2007, Kovalev served as a general representative of the All-Russian Monarchist Center in the Ural-Volga District. The new party plans to “strengthen and improve” the vertical of power in Russia and promote the development of Cossack public organizations [34] .

Party exotic

“Party exotic” on the ultra -right flank is represented by several political associations, among which the largest is the Political Party “The People’s Movement“ Holy Rus' ”.” It is led by a famous businessman, owner of the Russian Milk campaign Vasily Boyko-Veliky. The party consists mainly of the campaign employees. “Holy Rus'” gained fame after her active speeches in support of Vladimir Putin in the 2012 presidential election. By a strange coincidence, this event coincided with the raider war in the Ruzsky district, where the agricultural holding of V. Boyko-Veliko is located. The businessman became known due to the fact that, under the threat of dismissal, he forced married employees to get married and promised to dismiss women who had abortion from the enterprise. Along with many Orthodox fundamentalists, he also advocates the canonization of Ivan the Terrible. At the end of February 2012, V. Boyko-Veliky appointed a monetary reward for information about the whereabouts of the Pussy Riot punk group participants [35] .

A regular participant in the Russian Party -Street, German Sterligov made the initiative to create an “ecological party” [36] . The Constituent Congress of the Party took place on April 23, 2012 it is quite logical that at the congress G. Sterligov was elected chairman, and his wife Elena was elected by the secretary of the new organization [37] . The goal of the party is the fight against "environmental terrorism", up to the struggle "with weapons in the hands" [38] . In the “New Ecological Doctrine” there is not a word on the national issue, but G. Sterligov is known for the extreme nationalist and fundamentalist views. For example, not so long ago, during the elections of the Moscow Mayor in 2003, the newly -minted ecologist just as vigorously called for the deporting of Azerbaijanis and other ethnic groups from Moscow [39] .

The All -Russian Political Party announced the resumption of activity by the “Course of Pravda and Unity” (KPI). Her organizational committee is headed by Yuri Moskalev. Earlier, the party was known by a different name: “The conceptual party“ Unity ”. The ideology of the organization is the “concept of public security”, which is a mixture of the theory of the world conspiracy, Stalinism and mysticism [40] . KPI, despite the rhetoric, causing doubts about the adequacy of the authors, previously even participated in the federal elections.

The list of organizational committees includes the All-Russian Political Party “Sober Russia”, headed by the famous Ural doctor (specialty-orthopedic traumatologist), chairman of the “Union of sober forces” (STS) of the Urals Valery Melekhin. The party advocates the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, according to V. Melekhin, the Party “Sober Russia”, together with other “forces of Light”, is struggling against the “forces of darkness” - the alcohol mafia [41] .

The leader of the “non -Honocus party” (according to the name on the site - the “Russian non -Otratic party” [42] ) Peter Krivokhin proposes to build “non -Otratic” (network) society in Russia, and believes that “the Russian people must play a decisive role in a non -atocratic state.” According to the party’s program, “migrant workers are a source of crimes, antihigenes and counter -culture” , and therefore it is proposed to replace them with “robotics”.

Another party with an “exotic” ideology may be in the near future on the list of the Ministry of Justice. We are talking about the party "Coalition of the sky" of a priest-cinematographer Ivan Okhlobystin. The party’s presentation was held on April 25 at a concert at Crocus City Hall. The ideology of the party is based on the author’s shocking “doctrine-77” [43] , which in its style resembles the early works of A. Dugin.

The party exotic was the party “Against all”, whose organizing committee registered Denis Chubarov. In general, five associations with that name have been recorded. The “twin parties” “against all” with great difficulty differ in little discrepancies in writing the names [44] . The party of Denis Chubarov is designed to unite citizens to protect Orthodox values. The only document published on the party’s website calls for the unification of all Orthodox citizens against "corrupt rings and protests of provocateurs." The design of the party’s website is designed in Nazi symbolism: young people marching with banners in uniforms and the head of the wolf on the party emblem [45] . In April 2012, D. Chubarov created another resource “Coalition of Heaven”. As he himself stated, this was done in order to cooperate with the organization of Ivan Okhlobystin. Supporters of Okhlobystin took this action as an attempt to take away traffic from them [46] .

And finally, on April 28, an organizing committee entitled “Liberal Party National Russia” was registered in the Ministry of Justice. Its general secretary is the shocking writer, author of the book “Lovers of the Great City” Aksinya Guryanova (pseudonym - Ksenia Boldyrev). According to her, the party advocates freedom and liberalism for all nations, but primarily for Russian [47] .

Organizations about which are fragmentary or

none

The list of the Ministry of Justice has a number of associations that we have little information or information about them are contradictory:

- Party of Constitutional Law of a Russian citizen [48] - the party program was published on the forum "How do we save Russia?" [49] . Более поздних упоминаний нам найти не удалось. Программа партии содержит общие положения о необходимости национального возрождения России, но поскольку она была опубликована на ультраправом интернет-форуме, мы считаем возможным упомянуть ее в обзоре.

– Партия «Защитники Отечества» [50] (лидер – Николай Соболев). 27 апреля 2012 г. на сайте RBCdaily было опубликовано сообщение о том, что на основе союза «Офицеры России» создается патриотическая партия силовиков «Защитники Отечества». Однако через несколько часов в интервью агентству «Интерфакс» Глава президиума Общероссийской общественной организации «Офицеры России» (ООР) Антон Цветков опроверг эту информацию [51] . Напомним, что организация «Офицеры России» входит в Общероссийский народный фронт. Так что, возможно, «Защитники Отечества» связаны с какой-то менее лояльной офицерской организацией или просто не договорились с «Офицерами России». К сожалению, информация об организации весьма противоречивая. Общие принципы – патриотизм, воспитание молодежи, семья, российская модель образования, вера и духовность – успешно могут быть декларированы не только ультраправой организацией. Возможно, запланированный на 27 мая 2012 г. съезд организации определит более четко ее позицию [52] , и в окончательном варианте доклада Центра «СОВА» «Защитники Отечества» уже не будут фигурировать.

3 мая 2012 г. сайт Министерства юстиции сообщил, что принята заявка от политической партии «Национальный курс», уполномоченным лицом которой является Денис Ганич. Он является также координатором Профсоюза граждан России по Москве и области. Идеолог Профсоюза – Николай Стариков, уже упоминавшийся в связи с партией «Новая Великая Россия». В программе Профсоюза присутствуют положения, характерные для ультраправых патриотов-государственников: защита российских интересов в любой точке планеты, ограничение свободы СМИ и свободы совести [53] . Профсоюз активно принимает активное участие в митингах и пикетах против вступления России в ВТО, за трезвый образ жизни, а также против ЛГБТ. Вполне возможно, что партия «Национальный курс» сохранит идеологические ориентиры Профсоюза граждан России.

В списке есть также ряд организаций, сведений о которых мы в настоящее время не имеем, но которые, судя по названию, возможно, являются националистическими:

– Политическая партия «Объединенная русская партия (Михаил Анисимов);

– Политическая партия «Возрождение Великой России» (Алексей Прокошев);

– Политическая партия «Национальный Фронт» (Андрей Коваленко);

– Политическая партия «Российская Народная Партия» (Александр Савельев);

– Политическая партия «Народная партия России» (Нина Перевалова);

– Всероссийская политическая партия «Патриотическая партия России» (Надежда Мешкова).

Conclusions

Столь большое количество «партий националистов» появилось во многом благодаря работе политтехнологов. Добавим, что подобная ситуация наблюдается и на демократическом фланге. Среди политических организаций левого фланга количество «технических партий» невелико.

Регистрацию в качестве политической партии стремятся в первую очередь получить организационные комитеты небольших организаций, включая объединения, появившиеся как «авторские проекты» или «технические партии». Не случайно даже в названии публикации на сайте Министерства юстиции слово «действующие» написано в кавычках: «Сведения о “действующих” организационных комитетах политических партий…»

Отметим, что несколько известных объединений русских националистов, в том числе «Российский общенародный союз» и «Новая сила», еще не подавали заявку в Министерство юстиции.

В настоящее время, за исключением достаточно одиозной партии В. Бойко-Великого, ни одно из объединений с православно-державнической идеологией не подало в заявку на регистрацию в качестве политической партии. При этом процесс обсуждения и создания партий на позициях «православного фундаментализма» сейчас идет достаточно активно [54] . Добавим, что лидер «Народной партии большинства» В. Аксючиц держится в стороне от этого процесса.

Таким образом, список организационных комитетов, в настоящее время желающих зарегистрироваться в качестве политических партий, не отражает реального положения дел в российском партстроительстве, во всяком случае – на ультраправом фланге, значительная часть которого принципиально настроена против любого партстроительства и даже против любой легализации деятельности. В действительности, более половины из всех перечисленных в обзоре организаций существует только в документах, поданных в Министерство юстиции. Активно действующих организаций русских националистов еще меньше. Но можно ожидать, что через несколько месяцев формальная картина станет ближе к политической реальности – и тогда мы сможем представить обновленную версию этого обзора.

При подготовке доклада использовались материалы мониторинга Центра «СОВА». Мониторинг проводился с использованием средств государственной поддержки, выделенных в качестве грантов в соответствии с Распоряжением Президента Российской Федерации № 127-рп от 2 марта 2011 г.

Сноски на материалы националистов даются без линков.

[1] Сведения о «действующих» организационных комитетах политических партий по состоянию на 3.05.2012 // Министерство юстиции Российской Федерации ( http://www.minjust.ru/node/2162 ).

[2] Участию ультраправых в протестном движении посвящен доклад: Альперович Вера, Юдина Наталия. Зима 2011–2012: Ультраправые – протест и партстроительство // Центр «СОВА». 2012. 21 марта ( http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2012/04/d24040 ).

[3] Справка к Федеральному закону «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон «О политических партиях» // Официальный сайт Президента России. 2012. 3 апреля ( http://www.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/1191 ).

[4] Встреча с руководителями инициативных групп по созданию политических партий. // Official website of the President of Russia. 2012 3 апреля ( http://www.kremlin.ru/news/14898 ).

[5] Костюкова Ирина, Резчиков Андрей. Русь партийная: Главным трендом нового партстроительства стал национализм // Взгляд. 2012. 14 марта ( http://www.vz.ru/politics/2012/3/14/568199.html ).

[6] Монархическая партия «Самодержавная Россия», Политическая партия «Монархическая партия», Политическая партия «Монархическая партия России», Всероссийская политическая партия «Монархическая партия России»; Политическая партия Казачья Партия, Политическая партия «Всемирное Братство Казачьего и Офицерского Спецназа», Политическая партия «Народная, Казачья Консолидация противодействия чиновникам, нарушающих законы, Конституцию и природные права Казаков, на самоорганизацию и самоуправление “Союз Казачьих Формирований Российской Федерации”» (СКФ РФ ).

[7] В авторской орфографии: «Политическая партия СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ НАРОДНАЯ ПАРТИЯ РОССИИ “НАРОД”», политическая партия «Партия возрождения национально-социальной справедливости в России», политическая партия «Наша Родина».

[8] Роскомнадзор требует закрыть газету «Своими именами» // Центр «СОВА». 2011. 7 октября ( http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2011/10/d22722/ ).

[9] 1-й Учредительный съезд ПВНССР // Партия возрождения национально-социальной справедливости в России. 2012. 20 апреля.

[10] Фильм Рен-ТВ Прямой эфир с Гитлером // Партия возрождения национально-социальной справедливости в России. 2012. 21 апреля; Речь Гитлера на съезде НСДАП 1934 [видео] // Партия возрождения национально-социальной справедливости в России. 2012. 3 мая; Пивной Путч – 88 лет назад// Партия возрождения национально-социальной справедливости в России. 2011. 9 ноября.

[11] В авторской орфографии: «Политическая партия «За Нашу Родину».

[12] Юдина Н. Альперович В. Весна 2011: громкие процессы и ультраправые новообразования // Центр «СОВА». 2011. 28 июня ( http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2011/06/d21974 ).

[13] «За нашу Родину», сайт Российской консервативной партии.

[14] В авторской орфографии: «Всероссийская политическая партия «РОДИНА».

[15] Здесь и далее биографии политиков и сведения об истории партий подготовлены с использованием баз данных Центра «Панорама»: «Лабиринт» ( http://www.labyrinth.ru ) и «Просопограф» ( http://www.panorama.ru/info/proso.html ).

[16] В авторской орфографии: «Политическая партия “РОДИНА – ОБЪЕДИНЕННАЯ НАРОДНАЯ ПАРТИЯ”».

[17] Подробнее см. сайт: Родина – Объединенная народная партия.

[18] В авторской орфографии: Политическая партия «Державная РОССИЯ – РУСЬ».

[19] Виктор Аксючиц создал «Народную партию большинства» // Религия и СМИ. 2012. 21 января ( http://www.religare.ru/2_91975.html ); См. также: Народная партия большинства: официальный сайт.

[20] В авторской орфографии: Политическая партия «НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-КОНСЕРВАТИВНАЯ ПАРТИЯ РОССИИ».

[21] Подробнее см.: Организационный комитет для подготовки, созыва и проведения учредительного съезда политической партии 2011 года по Р. Хр. // Национально-консервативная партия России.

[22] Белонучкин Григорий. Сергей Бабурин воскрешает им же закрытую партию // Сцилла. 2011.19 декабря ( http://scilla.ru/content/view/4185/2 ).

[23] См., например: Политкалендарь: [Совещание национал-патриотов по вопросам союзов, митингов и оценке ситуации в стране] // Нейромир ТВ. 2012. 1 марта ( http://neuromir.tv/video/politkalendar/pk2012-03-01 ).

[24] Альперович В., Юдина Н. Зима 2011–2012: Ультраправые – протест и партстроительство…

[25] См. подробнее: там же.

[26] Программа «Свободная Россия» // Альянс свободы. 2010. 4 ноября.

[27] Националисты готовятся к регистрации во главе с Демушкиным. Объявили об этом из Белоруссии – для безопасности // NEWSru.com. 2012. 21 апреля ( http://newsru.com/russia/21apr2012/demushkin.html ).

[28] Об антикризисном управлении Монархической партией «Самодержавная Россия» // Малюта Скуратов. 2011. 30 августа.

[29] Партийная преемственность // Монархическая партия России. 2012. 13 января.

[30] Сайт Монархической партии «Самодержавная Россия».

[31] Сайт «Российская империя».

[32] Согласно «Сведениям...»: Политическая партия «Народная, Казачья Консолидация противодействия чиновникам, нарушающих законы, Конституцию и природные права Казаков, на самоорганизацию и самоуправление «Союз Казачьих Формирований Российской Федерации» (СКФ РФ) и Политическая партия «Народная Консолидация непартийных общественных организаций и политических партий которым отказано в регистрации “Мы, Русский Народ”».

[33] Официальное заявление // Блог Дмитрия Бахарева. 2012. 28 апреля.

[34] Ковалев Г. Казачьей партии – любо // Уральское казачество имени Августейшего атамана Казачьих Войск Е.И.В. Наследника Цесаревича Великого Князя Алексея Николаевича. 2012. 24 марта.

[35] Установлена награда в 100 тысяч рублей за сведения о каждом из организаторов преступной группы «PussyRiot» // Русский культурно-просветительский фонд Святого Василия Великого. 2012. 1 марта.

[36] Не путать с одноименной партией (уполномоченный оргкомитета – Максим Головин).

[37] На съезде Экологической партии были представители 12 стран // Блог Германа Стерлигова. 2012. 24 апреля.

[38] Новая экологическая доктрина // Официальный сайт Германа Стерлигова.

[39] Верховский Александр, Кожевникова Галина. Три года противодействия // Центр «СОВА». 2006. 26 января ( http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2006/01/d7084/ ).

[40] Подробнее см. сайт Всероссийской политической партии «Курсом правды и единения».

[41] Мелехин В. Трезво о политике // Трезвая Россия. 2011.

[42] Сайт Русской нетократической партии.

[43] Сайт «Доктрина 77».

[44] Название оргкомитета партии Дениса Чубарова пишется заглавными буквами «ПРОТИВ ВСЕХ». В «Сведения…» также внесены партия «Против всех!» (Дмитрия Гусева), «Против всех» (Олега Балакирева), а также две организации, названия которых пишутся заглавными буквами жирным шрифтом: Александра Симона и Оксаны Шараховской.

[45] Манифест о создании политической партии «Против всех» // Политическая партия «Против всех» Официальный сайт.

[46] К «Коалиции Небо» Охлобыстина подключаются правые националисты // Amic.ru. 2012. 25 апреля ( http://www.amic.ru/news/179511/ ).

[47] В Москве состоялась официальная регистрация Оргкомитета по созданию Либеральной Партии Национальная Россия (ЛПНР) // Блог Аксиньи Гурьяновой. 2012. 28 апреля.

[48] В авторской орфографии: Общероссийская политическая партия «ПАРТИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО ПРАВА ГРАЖДАНИНА РОССИИ».

[49] «Партия конституционного права гражданина России» // Как нам спасти Россию? 2010. April 8.

[50] В авторской орфографии: «Политическая партия «ЗАЩИТНИКИ ОТЕЧЕСТВА».

[51] Подробнее см.: «Офицеры России» отрицают планы по созданию партии // Взгляд. 2012. 27 апреля ( http://www.vz.ru/news/2012/4/27/576472.html ).

[52] «Отечество» против «Родины»: власти благословили создание двух новых партий // RBCdaily. 2012. 27 апреля ( http://top.rbc.ru/politics/27/04/2012/648446.shtml ).

[53] Программа // Профсоюз граждан России.

[54] Список потенциальных православных партий см.: Христианство и партстроительство // Религия и СМИ ( http://www.religare.ru/25_952.html ).

Sources

• Reviews in the press:
• Центр «СОВА» записал уральских монархистов и казаков в «несерьезные» ультраправые // Новый регион. 2012. 17 мая.