Witnesses of Asahara. New business "Aum Sinrika"

Such methods of influence become an integral element of cases associated with terrorism. In 2015, the FSB unexpectedly remembered the Aum Sinrika, which was banned back in the 90s , a religious organization founded in Japan. Investigators opened a criminal case under Article 239 of the Criminal Code (creation of a non -profit organization encroaching on the identity and rights of citizens). In Moscow and St. Petersburg, dozens of people interrogated as witnesses. In October 2016, the Supreme Court recognized the Aum Sinrika (and the organization-company-“ Alef ”) is no longer just prohibited organization, but a terrorist one. Some of the defendants, according to their statements, were faced with various kinds of pressure and left Russia. Some announced violence and torture during interrogations.

The vague of the names “totalitarian sect” and “destructive cult” allows you to classify almost any religious neoplasm, religious and philosophical teachings, cultural-educational or health-improving institutions.

Kanterov I.Ya. "New religious movements (introduction to the main concepts and terms)." Vladimir, 2006

Joga hobby

For Igor Polyakov, this story began after he moved away from his parents. He came to visit them for the weekend, but lived with friends. Mother achieved so that Igor told where and with whom she lives. But he did not want to. Mom worked in a small opposition publication in the Moscow region, for this a criminal case was even opened on her. Her son was fond of yoga and, reaching adulthood, immediately left the house. He found public on the VKontakte social network, dedicated to oriental practices, he wrote off the girls from there. One of the girls was also fond of yoga. The guys decided to meet in the apartment where the couple lived, and engage in yoga together.

One weekend, Igor had a strong fight with his mother. After that, he talked more with his father, and his mother avoided. In March 2015, it turned out that he did not call and did not write home for nine days. To the tenth mother submitted two statements - to the police and to Lisa Alert. Seeing in VKontakte a bunch of messages from his parents and his photo with the announcement of the loss at Lisa Alert, Igor contacted his father and assured him that everything was in order. Then he went to the police.

After a couple of weeks, Igor’s mother called a man who introduced himself as an “operative of Roman”. He summoned a woman to a conversation in the Office of the Constitutional system of the FSB, where she was asked about her son. There she said that Igor since 2012 began to engage in yoga and "stopped identifying himself as an Orthodox believer." According to her, "as a minor, he was involved in the activities of Aum Sinrikyo." At least, this was written in the survey in the reference certificate -the woman herself later told her son that she did not claim anything like this ( the case materials are at the disposal of the OVD-info ).

And then the FSB operatives took advantage of the link to the young man on the social network. They began to calculate the circle of communication of the young man and everyone who could be suspected of hobby for Buddhism or yoga. We looked at public and communities dedicated to these topics. Installed acquaintances and acquaintances of acquaintances. By ip, they calculated 7 actual addresses.

April 5, 2016 at 14 addresses in Moscow and 11 in St. Petersburg were searches. Official television channels reported the liquidation of the cells of the “terrorist sect”, about searches in the “headquarters” of the organization and the detention of “recruiters”. Among these addresses were those where Igor Polyakov’s acquaintances lived, including the apartment where he lived. Despite the high -profile statements on television, after interrogations all the detainees were released home.

Picture of the Buddhist Mandala

The criminal case, in which searches were held in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2016, was opened by the Investigative Committee on October 12, 2015 under Article 239 of the Criminal Code. According to the investigation, “unidentified persons from among the participants and founders of the Russian structures“ Aum Sinrika ”, liquidated by the decision of the Ostankino inter -municipal district people's court of Moscow dated 04/18/1995 , continued to carry out religious“ practices associated with limiting the physiological needs of a person ”. They allegedly convinced people to refuse food, sleep, forced them to be in static positions for a long time, hold their breath for a long time and remain in limited space. And in case of refusal to fulfill all this, the neophytes allegedly beat.

Of the ten guests who appeared in the apartment where Igor Polyakov lived, at 6 am on April 5, only an employee of the EE center Georgy Navrotsky showed the certificate. According to Polyakov, during a search of the inhabitants of the apartment they divorced different rooms. Navrotsky began to convince Polyakov that Igor is a member of Aum Sinrika and a terrorist. To argue this thesis, a law enforcement officer showed a photo of Seko Asahara. Polyakov asked to explain the reason for the search, but his words were ignored. Navrotsky said that up to five years in prison are provided for a giving false testimony, that bad things are taking place in Russian prisons with people. In his opinion, Polyakov in prison will definitely be raped. Then he suggested choosing a place where Polyakov would like to sit. It could be the Lefortovo pre -trial detention center, the White Swan colony or the Black Dolphin colony.

Following the conversation, a colleague of Navrotsky entered. He began to threaten Polyakov with the use of strength due to the fact that he annoyed his refusal to talk without a lawyer. Then, as Polyakov says, the new interlocutor took a sheet from the table with the image of the Buddhist mandala and hit them with a young man in the face, promising that after a search of them they would all be taken for another interrogation, where they would “do anything” with them.

According to a friend Polyakov Daniil (the name changed), with whom at that moment he was talked in the next room, he was also told that he was a terrorist, while striking in his shoulder. In a conversation with Daniel, law enforcement officers reasoned that since there was linseed and olive oil in the apartment, it means that perverts and gays live here.

Not only the Poles and his neighbors in the apartment faced the like that day. In November 2017, a letter came to the editorial office of the OTD-Info from the defendants in the Aum Sinrika criminal case, in which they declared numerous violations of their rights. According to the authors of the letter, the security forces illegally used force, threatened, took the cash for themselves, exerted psychological pressure, did not present any documents, allowed the presence on the searches of people who were then not mentioned in the protocols and did not allow them to contact lawyers.

For example, Alexandra (the name changed), whose apartment also came on April 5, beat with their feet:

I and three friends put me on the floor ... While I was lying, one of the special forces hit me several times with a heavy boot on the head. We lay at about five hours with an open door to the balcony - at the same time we were in light clothes. I noticed that one of the operatives took about 5,000 rubles from one of my friends from my friends. Subsequently, I found that about 500 rubles and three bank cards also disappeared from my jacket.

Another defendant in the case - Peter (the name changed) - was not at home at the time of the search. He was in the hospital. People in civilian civilian said to his civil wife that the search was taking place because of their husband’s husband with “illegal spiritual practices” -that is, yoga. While the apartment was searched, the woman, according to her, was interrogated and convinced to confess to Aum Sinrika, threatening to dismiss from work, imprisonment and problems with relatives.

When the conversations in the apartment where Poles lived ended, the investigator of the Investigative Committee (TFR) arrived. He finally read out the decision on the search, after which the investigative actions lasted a couple of hours. Then Polyakov was taken to the building of the Main Directorate of the Investigative Committee in Technical Lane, where everything was already officially and under the protocol. They asked a lot about Montenegro - on March 25, 2016, Polyakova, together with several dozen Russians, was detained in this country on suspicion of "involvement in organized criminal activity abroad." Representatives of the Chernogorsk special services said they received information from “foreign colleagues”. Polyakov, according to him, came to the resort to relax and work out yoga along with like -minded people who are fond of spiritual practices. After interrogations, most of the detainees were sent under the pretext that, upon arrival at the hotel, they did not register.

Elekpoireer

In Russia, after searches and the first interrogations for yoga lovers, it just began. On April 7, Polyakov appeared for a new interrogation in the TFR. According to him, at the checkpoint he was met by an FSB officer who called a novel who accompanied the young man to the investigator’s office. Along the way, Roman managed to tell that Igor was led by Igor from the moment his mother turned to the police, and also that the FSB has been following the rest of the defendants in the case since 2013. Then the novel said that the spiritual practices of Aum Sinrika were actually invented in Nazi Germany, and Seko Asahara, according to his data, was “connected with Hitler”. The novel even offered Igor psychological assistance, but then he began to threaten a prison, promising a “shorter period” if the young man would be cooperated. According to Polyakov, Roman also invited him to go from witnesses to the victims, so as not to become the accused, and to testify to the people unfamiliar to him.

After the interrogation ended Igor, his father came. According to the young man, Roman invited both of them to the nearest cafe. Polyakova’s father, the FSB officer said that Igor is a sadomasochist, who has an “one percent” information about Aum Sinrika. According to the novel, Igor refuses to speak because he is well instructed and zombie. The FSB officer took out a blank sheet of paper and demanded that Igor write a confession that he is in the organization and name the heads of the sect. Igor refused, and the novel began to insist. Then the father also connected to the process. The conversation lasted about three hours - until the cafe closed.

On May 6, after calls and SMS from the novel, persistently calling for a conversation, Igor appeared in the Investigative Department of the FSB on the Kuznetsk bridge. For four hours, Roman, along with a woman who was a psychologist, talked with Polyakov about his hobbies and religious beliefs. As Igor says, then a tall short -haired man entered the room. He began to ask Polyakov the same questions, and then took a sheet of paper in his hand and poked it in his face. Each time Polyakov refused to report the necessary information, the man beat him with his fist in his knee:

... He insulted me and humiliated me. He demanded that I write a paper where I should admit that I am supposedly mentally unhealthy. He threatened imprisonment and rape. He claimed that I was a terrorist and that my parents brought me up very poorly. He promised that he would arrange the injury to my relatives and that they will have problems at work and in their studies.

At the end of the conversation, Roman explored Igor’s backpack and took the SIM card and flash drive, promising to return them. The protocol was not seized.

The backpack was searched with Peter when he appeared for an interrogation in the UK on April 17 after discharge from the hospital. In addition to investigators, two FSB officers were attended by interrogation. Peter was asked about yoga classes and membership at Aum Sinrika. One of the employees of the FSB took the phone from the young man and photographed something on him.

Then, according to Peter, they began to beat him:

The investigator said that the "official part" of the interrogation is over. Suddenly, one of the FSBshnikov hit my leg greatly. He said that I behave inappropriately. All people who are in the office - two investigators and two FSB operatives - began to insult me ​​and demand that I confess that I am in the terrorist sect of Aum Sinrika ... They demanded that people unknown to me.

Peter says that one of the operatives grabbed him by the shoulder and squeezed him with force, convincing that it was necessary to cooperate with the FSB. However, Peter refused to answer questions. Then he began to threaten him to imprison the organizer in a criminal case. The FSB officer said that Peter had been testified for a long time, and if he does not admit, his parents "will be worse."

Another operative left the room and returned a minute later - already with Peter's parents. Investigators told them that Peter is in great danger and threats are received-it is precisely because of them that he does not cooperate with the investigation. In addition, he, of course, is zombified by the "totalitarian sect."

Then Peter and his loved ones were released, but on the way home the FSB officer called his father, who demanded to bring Peter's younger brother for interrogation. During the interrogation, he was asked to confirm that his brother is in Aum Sinrika. On June 7, 2016, FSB operatives came to work with Peter's wife and forced her to go to the FSB investigation with them. There, according to her, she was crushed and offered to conclude a deal with the investigation. Later , because of this incident, she was fired.

The next day, Alexander was also invited to the FSB. As in the case of Peter, investigative actions were divided into two unequal parts. After the “official” interrogation “investigator Roman”, he said that he would call the “professional to receive information from such” as Alexander.

Alexander says that shortly after this a dense man in civilian clothes entered the room. He asked to put the contents of his pockets on the table, took Alexander’s phone and began to rewrite the contacts of the contacts. According to Alexander, Roman asked him to undress, then he began to photograph his arms, legs and fingers, accompanying it with insults and repeating the questions asked on the “official part”. Alexander suggests that the body was examined in search of injuries that could be regarded as evidence of violence in the sect. In addition, with regular classes from Buddhist extensions, minor scuffs remain on the skin - perhaps they were looking for them.

Alexander refused to answer questions, after which the novel shook it several times with cold water. Then he took out a stun gun:

... Roman took out a black plastic box from a leather black bag and pulled out an object similar to a stemocker room from it ... He extended my hands and, asking him to look into his eyes, continued to ask questions about my hobbies with spiritual practices ... Suddenly, the novel hit my left hand with a stormhore -cooperator ... I felt a strong, spicy pain in his fingers and throughout the body as the current spread. From the blow I was thrown half a meter. Especially acute pain was in the stomach and intestines ...

FSB officers told Alexander that the stun gun was not left and prove to prove the fact of its application. For some time the young man was beaten in his left hand, demanding from him to testify. According to Alexander, when he asked to stop torture, they began to beat him in his right hand, and from time to time they beat his palm on the head. All this lasted several hours - the novel made the intervals of 5-10 minutes between the current strikes. Then a pause was brought to 20-30 minutes, because Alexander was getting worse. In the end, he could not stand it and was forced to stipulate himself. The FSB officers gave him a sign of the interrogation protocol, where he wrote that he was not exerted on him.

After Alexander, the left hand was numb for two months, stuttering appeared, gastritis worsened, sociophobia developed and panic attacks began. For two months he felt pain in his heart, which were not there before. In November, at the suggestion of lawyer Dmitry Dinze, the man went through a medical examination and polygraph - they confirmed the truth of the story of Alexander.

My joy

At the end of May 2016, “Roman Roman” added to Igor Polyakov as a friend in VKontakte. Interested in where he works and what he plans to do in the future. Igor was preparing to enter a higher educational institution. As a result, he successfully passed exams and entered the State University of Dubna for applied computer science. All summer Polyakov did not touch. On September 20, 2016, on the day when the Supreme Court recognized Aum Sinrika as a terrorist organization, Roman called his mother and asked where Igor was located. He wrote Igor himself on the social network, demanding a meeting.

On November 4, Polyakov filed a complaint against the actions of the FSB officers to the Moscow Prosecutor's Office. A month later, the answer came that supervision of the FSB was carried out by the General Prosecutor's Office and you need to complain there. On December 20, three days after the expired agenda came for interrogation, Polyakov sent a complaint to the Prosecutor General. Shortly before the new 2017, he left Russia, fearing that the witnesses would still go into the category of accused.

The Prosecutor General first redirected the appeal to the Investigative Committee. And from there the complaint was sent to the FSB - it was this department that was supposed to consider the application.

On February 27, a message with the phone number and the following text came to Polyakov's e -mail:

Good afternoon. You filed a complaint against the operational employee of the conducting operational support of the criminal case. Considering that you did not leave the contact number of the phone, in order to ensure the most complete and objective consideration, we ask you to contact the indicated number with the contractor. Sincerely.

Polyakov believes that this letter was written by a novel, who in such a simple way tried to reach him. After Igor left, another agenda came to him, and Roman called his mother again.

Peter and Alexander also left Russia. Alexander complained about torture in the European Court in Strasbourg. Both do not want to reveal their real names, fearing the consequences for relatives.

Igor Polyakova’s mother did not answer the OVD-info to requests to comment on the situation around her son. A month after the survey to the FSB, from which it all started, she wrote to Igor a letter where she asked if he had been in any sect. She offered Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses and Aum Sinrika to choose from. She said that after a conversation with the FSB officers, she began to google information about sects and on one of the sites she was advised to contact St. Tikhonov University. And there one of the lecturers sent her to watch the programs of the sectologist Alexander Dvorkin on the channel “My Joy”. From there, a woman about sects and found out.

Green light on everything

In 2016, an official complaint was filed on the decision to recognize Aum Sinrik with a terrorist organization. Lawyers Dmitry and Olga Dinze worked in the interests of the follower of the teachings of Magrifi Sydikova. The complaint says that Asahara’s law -abiding followers are forced to stop “spiritual practices” under the threat of criminal prosecution - thereby their right to freedom of conscience was violated. The Supreme Court recognized Sydikov as an “disinterested person”.

Sydikova says that a new wave of attention to Aum Sinrika did not touch her amazingly. She did not have a search on April 5, 2016, and after that she was not called for interrogation. But she openly calls herself "a follower of the teachings of the Monk Seko Asahara." According to her, she became interested in the spiritual practices of Asahara in 1993, hearing his lecture on the Mayak radio. After the attack in Tokyo, she was often called to law enforcement agencies. The district police officer came home, was interested in books about spiritual development and portraits of Asahara, which Sydikova had in the apartment, apologized for concern and left. According to Sydikova, special services employees visit her apartment now, but secretly:

At the time of entry, we had membership cards. They stole it from me. I don't know exactly when. But I keep all the documents in one bag. When I filed a complaint, I needed this certificate. But I did not find. What in my apartment they have been giving up since those times, I know this. I realized that they had prepared. Seized, stole this certificate from me. But I also had other evidence. I invested them.

When Sydikova began to look for lawyers to draw up a complaint, many told her that she would be immediately imprisoned. She understands that after the recognition of “Alef” (“Aum Sinrika”), it can really easily plant her with a terrorist organization:

Now the situation is serious. As I understand it, those who made this decision are severely configured. As I understand it, any person who has literature (“Aum Sinrika” is OVD-Info ) or declares that he is a member of “Aum Sinrika” (they can plant - OVD-info ) ... The organization is not even as such, there is the teaching of the reverend teacher Seko Asahara, there is “aleph” in Japan ... By the way, he is not prohibited at all.

According to lawyer Dmitry Dinze, representing the interests of a part of the defendants in the case, initially the production of a rare “exotic” article 239 of the Criminal Code (the creation of a non -profit organization encroaching on the personality and rights of citizens) was excited for the subsequent recognition of Aum Sinrika by a terrorist organization. The criminal case has become a catalyst. Investigators gathered everyone who seemed to them as the followers of Asahara, together, which allowed us to carry out investigative actions with them, as well as intimidate and keep under control. Perhaps in this way they were squeezed out of the country. It is significant that none of the witnesses became the accused, given that, according to Dinze, the FSB has “green light for everything” in such cases. This may indicate that there were no real evidence of terrorist activity. According to Dinze, including due to the fact that there are no accused in the case, many circumstances remain unclear:

The main array of work in the case is carried out by FSB operational employees. Investigators of the UK, who investigate the criminal case, only fix the indications. The scheme is this: the operatives even before the call to the investigator meet with a person and offer him cooperation. If a person agrees, then he is brought to the investigator and record everything in the interrogation protocol. If a person refuses cooperation, FSB officers begin to crush. They come to work and, threatening with dismissal, again call on to begin to cooperate. If this does not help, then they begin to influence the employer. In the case when a person continues to resist, the operatives resort to direct physical pressure.

Real legal grounds for initiating a case are unknown. Many materials for lawyers remain a secret. The accusation is not brought to anyone, and the investigators themselves do not want to share information. Why about Aum Sinrika was remembered twenty years later, still remains unclear.

From time to time, the investigation group makes itself felt, but not as actively as in the spring and summer of 2016. In April 2017, the FSB officers broke into an apartment in St. Petersburg , where there were two men who had a search in 2016 . One of them, Sergey (the name changed), says that the employees of the special services again did not present any documents, searched the apartment and took him together with a friend to the FSB:

They said that they would conduct a survey, no one showed a single crust, they did not give a lawyer to call. They put us in different rooms and in turn asked different questions. They carried some nonsense about the explosion in St. Petersburg at the Sennaya Square station. Allegedly, one of the practitioners are familiar with the person who undermined themselves there. They showed a photograph of the blown up wagon, a photo of the demolitioner with a check in his hand, threatened to deprive freedom for 15 years for terrorism. They showed a list of those flying to Turkey on an airplane - supposedly, this list includes my friend and this demolition from the subway. In every way they tried to tie it all. Then, at two in the morning, realizing that there would be no sense, they let go.

The strange at first glance attempt to link the Buddhists with the Islamists, according to Dinze, is explained rather trite-the need to report for operational-search measures in the case of a terrorist attack in St. Petersburg. After the explosion on the stage between the Sennaya Square and Technological Institute stations on April 3, the FSB operational units began to work out potentially dangerous people and organizations. It was necessary to report daily before the management of the work done, the disclosure of the crime, and the development of ties - "they put everyone on their ears." According to Dinze, the defendants in the Aum Sinrika case are in the bases of the special services- that's why they came to them.

Dinze believes that, with all the interest in the followers of Asahara, the FSB officers did not properly understand the basics of this teaching. They carry out conversations and interrogations, using general stereotypes, which may indicate either their low qualifications, or that there was no need to dig further than a superficial acquaintance with the practices.

For example, extension is not something that is characteristic exclusively for Aum Sinrika. According to the religious scholar Boris Falikov, who studied the teachings of Asahara in the 90s , this is a very common practice in Buddhism: “You will also find these same corns in some Tibetan yoga, all the same. In Tibetan Buddhism there are many extensions, in monasteries they make up to 1000 times a day. This is characteristic of Vajrayana Buddhism . ”

Weapons against the Russian people

Aum Sinrika is a religious organization founded in 1987 by the Japanese Syko Asahara (real name is Tiazuo Matsumoto). He declared himself the new Jesus Christ and the first person to enlighten after the Buddha. Ashara’s teachings are syncretic, that is, it has traces of the influence of various religions. Until 1995, Aum Sinrika was popular in Japan and Russia. In 1993-1994, a daily gear with Asahara’s sermons was published on the Mayak radio.

In the mid -90s in Japan, representatives of Aum Sinrika were accused of terrorist attacks and murders. Asahara and his close associates were in prison. After that, in Russia, Aum Sinrika was banned, and then a criminal case was opened. Three heads of the Russian branch were charged with organizing the activities of a person encroaching on a person and causing property damage. Then, however, Tosyasu Outi, Rio Ando and Caei Tanimurus were released on a recognition and guarantee, and as a result, after a year and a half of investigative actions, interrogations, psychiatric and psychological examinations, the case was terminated. Investigators came to the conclusion that due to changing the situation in Japan and in Russia, the members of the Aum Sinrika no longer pose a danger.

In 2002, five Russian citizens were convicted in the Far East, who, according to investigators, prepared armed attacks in Japan in order to free Seko Asahara from a conclusion. The leader of the group Dmitry Sigachev pleaded guilty to the illegal acquisition and storage of weapons and explosives. He was sentenced to eight years in a maximum security colony. Two accused received 4.5 and 6.5 years of imprisonment, one - three years conditionally, another person involved in the case was sent for forced psychiatric treatment.

For the first time in Russia, Aum Sinrika tried to ban back in 1994. In October of that year, the Moscow prosecutor's office did not initiate a criminal case on the complaint of the “Committee for Salvation of Youth from Totalitarian Sects”, uniting relatives of some members of Aum Sinrike. After that, the “Committee” filed a civil lawsuit against the Ostankino District Court of Moscow. According to the plaintiffs, the followers of the teachings of Asahara were subjected to “psycho -terrorist aggression by the pseudo -religious organization ...” and “destroyed as a person, lost to society, pose a danger to him, are seriously ill whose health is constantly destroyed by the most barbaric and sophisticated methods.”

To confirm these theses, the professor of the Research Institute of Psychiatry of the Ministry of Health Yuri Polishchuk conducted a study by Aum Sinrika members. The commission, led by Polishchuk, concluded that the followers of Asahara participated in the study are mentally unhealthy, and precisely because of membership in Aum Sinrika. According to the psychiatrists of the Research Institute, people in the Aum Sinrika were zombified, they were subjected to "mental self -destruction" and "mental castration with the cessation of a childbearing function." Stay in the “sect” served as a “spiritual drug” for its members, while they suffered from “pseudo -religious delirium” and the form of “self -hypnosis” - meditation.

In May 1994, on the pages of Rossiy newspaper, Polishchuk claimed that “sects” were weapons against the Russian people:

For me, there is no doubt that these sects ... are specially subsidized by those forces who are interested in the spiritual fractions of Russians ... A weapon aimed at mass public consciousness in order to decompose it, the transformation of people into obedient robots.

A number of psychiatrists, especially members of the independent psychiatric association (NPA), criticized the work of Polishchuk and expressed doubt for the accuracy of his conclusions. Doctor of Psychiatry Vladimir Bataev conducted his own study by Aum Sinrika members, talking with 29 people, and concluded that their mental state is normal, and physical health in the group is even slightly higher than the norm.

But on February 21, 1995, the Prosecutor General’s Office nevertheless opened criminal proceedings under Articles 113 (torture), 143.1 (organization of associations encroaching on a person) and 148.3 (property damage by deceiving or abuse of trust) of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in relation to the heads of the Russian branch of Aum Sinrika and the Moscow branch. In parallel, the Ostankino court examined the civil lawsuit of the Committee against Aum Sinrika on compensation for damage and liquidation of the organization.

At the trial in the lawsuit, begun on January 31, 1995, Polishchuk insisted on the accuracy of the results of his study and talked about the differences in the religious and "pseudo -religious" ecstasy. In February, parliamentary hearings were held on amendments to the Law on Freedom of Religions, which were supposed to limit the activities of new religious organizations in Russia. The Polishchuk Polishchuk with the psychiatrists of the NPA continued there: Polishchuk declared the "physical and spiritual exhaustion of the Russian people" and that the previous person does not exist in "totalitarian sects."

The co -founder of the NPA Yuri Savenko during the hearing was criticized by these statements. According to Savenko, in his study, Polishchuk made a fundamental mistake - the study took place without a random sample procedure. Members of Aum Sinrika were selected for research with an eye on their predisposition to mental illness.

On March 3, after the appeal of the American Psychiatric Association, the rule of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists actually mossed the conclusion of the Polishchuk commission, considering it unscientific. However, the Ostankino court ignored this, as well as a new expanded study by psychiatrists of the NPA of the Aum Sinrika monks, which confirmed the conclusions of Bataev.

According to the defendant’s lawyers, the court was initially refused to accept the statement of claim with the “committee”, since he was not a “subject of disputed legal relations” and could not be recognized as an appropriate plaintiff. That is, the activists of the “Committee” were not related to the alleged harm to the Aum Sinrika members, and could not insist on confiscation of property and transfer it to the “committee”. The court rejected the petition for the termination of production in this regard. The “injured” followers of Asahara’s teachings went to court, asking for participation in the process. Since they were adults and capables, the court had to recognize them as proper plaintiffs - and then, in accordance with the current laws, with the consent of the “committee”, replace it in the process of Aum Sinrika. But the “committee” was not agreed to such a replacement, and the judge did not want to enter the “victims” into the case, considering the initial plaintiffs the proper side of the process.

Hearing on the merits began even before news began to come from Japan about accusations of Aum Sinrika members of attacks. But the final decision to satisfy the claim was already made against the backdrop of the news about the Zarin attack in Tokyo.

On March 15, 1995, the police confiscated the property of Aum Sinrika, preparing its transfer to the plaintiffs. In the end, on April 18, the court eliminated the Russian branch of the organization, awarding the plaintiff to pay 2 billion (were notified) rubles. 26 people were recognized by the victims, in whom, according to the statements of their relatives, mental and physical disorders, including exhaustion and impotence, developed from Aum Sinrika practices.

In January 1995, even before the prohibition of the organization, the window of one of the premises belonging to the Aum Sinrika, they threw a bottle of incendiary mixture. Concerned parents were all the time to put their children in the stationary department of the psychiatric hospital, there were attempts to violent medical examination. One of the relatives brought with him to the Aum Sinrika center members of the RNE organization, who arranged a brawl there.

- Is our position the support of Aum Sinrika? -wrote in May of the 95th Savenko in the journal NPA. -No, but-regardless of the crime of this organization-she is also the subject of law and he is entitled to [ calculate - OVD-info ] on the presumption of innocence, and if a certain wine is proved, then this is not the basis to attribute to her another. Moreover, the real fault in the most serious crime is not the reason to deprive such a subject of rights. ”

Forced apocalypse

Seko Asahara began as a yoga teacher. From childhood, he did not have seen well, because of which he could not go to the university. Then he took up what, often in Japan, the visually impaired in Japan - the trade in various potions and means of alternative medicine. After some time, he began to teach yoga. Gradually, his interests deepened, and he began to position himself as a spiritual mentor. At the beginning, Asahara’s teaching was based on Buddhist practice, but over time, it gained occult, Hindu, and later Christian elements. In particular, Asahara was carried away by the revelation of John the Theologian about the end of the world.

— Новые религиозные движения [ НРД — ОВД-Инфо ], — рассказывает религиовед Борис Фаликов, — подстерегает опасность, связанная с напряженным ожиданием апокалипсиса. Вот и Асахара начал пророчествовать о конце света. Для японского сознания американские атомные бомбардировки Хиросимы и Нагасаки — это мощная травма. Асахара говорил, что США разбомбят Японию вновь — и таким образом наступит конец света. Но он все не наступал. Видимо, у Асахары появилась идея «форсированного апокалипсиса»: если конца света нет, значит, его надо приблизить. Это нужно было сделать, чтобы спасти человечество. Такая парадоксальная мысль. В катаклизме мир погибнет, но последователи «АУМ Синрике» выживут и создадут новое человечество. Была идея создания «лотосовых деревень», где члены «АУМ Синрике» смогут переждать апокалипсис. Начнется новое время, новая Земля, на которой будет царить справедливость.

20 марта 1995 года в токийском метро случился теракт . На нескольких станциях распылили зарин, от которого, по разным данным, погибло от 10 до 27 человек, а свыше пяти тысяч получили отравления той или иной степени тяжести. Японские правоохранительные органы быстро нашли исполнителей, а потом и Асахару — он укрылся в одном из бункеров, созданных для выживания во время конца света. Расследование вскрыло наличие у «АУМ Синрике» лаборатории по производству зарина, а также ряд других преступлений, совершенных последователями Асахары.

По мнению Фаликова, причиной, по которой члены организации шли на преступления, было лихорадочное состояние, вызванное ожиданием неминуемого и скорого апокалипсиса. Выяснилось, что еще до Токио, в июне 1994 года, последователи «АУМ Синрике» распылили зарин в городе Мацумото, от чего погибло 7 человек и пострадало около 200. А в 1989 году «министр строительства» «АУМ Синрике» Киёхидэ Хаякава организовал и совершил убийство юриста Цуцуми Сакамото, готовившего иск против организации от имени родителей некоторых членов организации.

Асахару и 12 ближайших сторонников признали виновными в терактах и убийствах. Всех приговорили к казни через повешение. Ни один приговор до сих пор не приведен в исполнение. Сейчас деятельность «АУМ Синрике» в Японии не запрещена, но находится под строгим полицейским контролем. Фаликов считает, что организацию не запретили, чтобы отслеживать адептов и не дать им уйти в подполье.

— Они поменяли название, они покаялись в преступлениях, — рассказывает Фаликов. — Более того, пообещали, что возместят жертвам ущерб, и действительно до сих пор выплачивают компенсации. Теперь организация называется «Алеф» — это первая буква еврейского алфавита. Такое название символизирует новое начало. Сам Асахара находится в токийской тюрьме и ожидает казни. В Японии от приговора до его исполнения может пройти очень много лет. Учение, если не считать безумной апокалиптики, в общем-то сохранилось. Ключевая идея — трансформация сознания, медитации, упражнения буддийско-индуистского толка.

«Тоталитарная секта»

Создание термина «тоталитарная секта» обычно приписывают сектоведу Александру Дворкину, заметному деятелю антикультового движения в России и в мире, основателю Центра по изучению сект имени Иринея Лионского. После ликвидации в 1995 «АУМ Синрике» «Комитет спасения молодежи» и подобные ему организации обратили свое внимание на другие НРД, которые они считали «деструктивными культами». Через год «Комитет защиты семьи и личности» Санкт-Петербурга и «Комитет по спасению молодежи» потребовали закрыть Российский управленческий центр «Свидетелей Иеговы» в Петербурге и взыскать с него 100 миллиардов рублей. Однако городской суд посчитал комитеты ненадлежащими истцами. В 1998 году суд в Москве отклонил иск о ликвидации общины Церкви Объединения. В процесс были допущены «пострадавшие» члены Церкви, хотя иск изначально подавали их родственники и общественные активисты.

Во второй половине 90-х следствие четыре раза прекращала уголовное дело в отношении членов московской общины «Свидетелей Иеговы». Четырежды «Комитет по спасению молодежи» обращался с требованием возбуждения нового производства. В постановлении о прекращении уголовного дела от 28 декабря 1997 г. следователь писал: «Анализируя перечень претензий Комитета… следствие приходит к выводу, что заявления Комитета… основаны на активном непринятии именно этой конкретной религиозной организации, членам которой они отказывают в возможности осуществления их конституционных прав по причине их вероисповедания».

По словам Фаликова, социологический термин «секта» сейчас приобрел стойкие негативные ассоциации в массовом сознании:

В социологии этот термин употребляют нередко. Но в России он сейчас приобрел пейоративный характер, то есть сразу используется в обвинительном ключе. Поэтому религиоведы вместо него обычно используют термин НРД — новые религиозные движения. Что касается Дворкина — он не ученый, он не исследует НРД, он с ними борется, причем с конфессиональных позицией, православных, с позиций истово верующих. От имени православной церкви он сражается с культами, сектами, и преподает так называемое «сектоведение». Это не научный предмет, это конфессиональная дисциплина. Преподает он во всякого рода конфессиональных заведениях вроде Свято-Тихоновского университета. Так что это межконфессиональные разборки, к науке отношения не имеющие.

Фаликов сомневается насчет того, что у «АУМ Синрике» сохранились какие-то террористические интенции. Он не может утверждать это с полной уверенностью, но, основываясь на своем религиоведческом опыте, считает, что организация Асахары превратилась в кружки йоги. Апокалиптические настроения либо ушли из учения, либо выдворены на обочину.

В книге Игоря Кантерова «Новые религиозные движения» говорится, что при рассмотрении темы НРД терминология, первоначально свойственная теологии, становится языком уголовного и гражданского права. Оценочные суждения и красочные описания подавления личности, разрушения семей, преступлений, совершенных адептами, замещают собой религиоведческий анализ. При этом зачастую данные однажды оценки используются и в дальнейшем, хотя ситуация может меняться:

Поскольку существующие более трех столетий религиозные образования… развиваются достаточно динамично, то дефиниции не передают перемен, подчас весьма заметных… Существенным изъяном многих конфессиональных и светских публикаций, а также телепередач о культах и сектах является сознательное или неосознанное игнорирование произошедшей эволюции… переход их от агрессивной мироотвергающей формулы взаимоотношения с «наличным бытием» к формуле ''мироисцеляющей'', ''мирореформирующей''.

По словам Фаликова, довольно радикально начинали, например, мормоны — Церковь святых последних дней. Основателя Церкви Джозефа Смита убили, были серьезные распри с местным населением. А сейчас, спустя двести лет, это респектабельное религиозное объединение. Их уже никто не считает опасной асоциальной организацией

— Кстати, — рассказывает Фаликов. — нынешний американский посол в россии — мормон. Соперник Барака Обамы на президентских выборах 2012 года Митт Ромни — тоже. Они уже почти влились в протестантский мейнстрим. Очень консервативная организация, проповедует семейные ценности, осуждает гомосексуальные браки и прочее, и прочее — Путину бы понравилось.