Russian "Black Mirror": how the apartments on the Internet are stolen

Russian document management is increasingly moving into digital space. Almost 100 million Russians are now registered on the Public Service portal. Together with the bureaucracy on the Internet, various types of fraud have moved, so today you can not only change your passport remotely, but also buy a fake on the “hydra”, house thefts changed by breaking electronic wallets, and the option “Register an IP online” accompanies the possibility of quietly record an LLC for an outsider. Since last spring, one more has been added to the list of virtual risks: to lose the apartment without leaving home and without taking out documents from the safe. Samizdat tells the story of the first one of a kind of real estate crime, when the former owner did not notice how he lost housing, the new one - as he acquired, did not find his guilty, and the motive is so unclear that it makes everyone suspect from the FSB to Channel One.

- Roma, what did you do with the apartment? Now I have nowhere to live! What should I do?
- In what sense?
- The MFC said that you sold it or something else.

In May 2019, Yuri Saltovsky received another payment for housing and communal services. The owner of the apartment in it was a certain Mashkov. “We somehow calmly reacted to this: they say, the holidays passed well-probably some kind of failure,” recalls the son of Yuri Roman, who was listed as the homeowner at that time. “I’m generally used to paying for everything online, and there is usually absent there.” To make sure that this is just a mistake, Yuri went to the MFC, where he finally made sure that the apartment now belongs to someone else.

Roman Saltovsky is 38 years old, he works as an assistant to the director at the Documentary Cinema Documentary Channel, ensures that everything goes according to plan and on time. In the apartment in the Grandmother's district, he lived for almost thirty years: “This is an ordinary odnushka, with a beautiful view of the cemetery. Our family moved there in 1980. ” In 2013, his mother was gone, and the father decided to arrange an apartment for his son. I thought that there will be fewer problems in the future. “Mom worked as a passportist and knew firsthand how much you find out about loved ones and what relations turn into when it comes to real estate,” Roman recalls. As a result of a joint decision, the owner of the odnushka became a novel, Yuri continued to live in it, and all the documents for the apartment went to the safe.

“When my father called, I was already bad. At first I did not hear the question, then I just could not understand what it was about. All this was like in a bad dream, ”Roman recalls. This time he had to go to the MFC. Armed with a certificate of property and all other documents, Roman firmly decided to get out of this war the winner. “The apartment belongs to Mashkov,” the MFC employee retorted to him. For all “how” they found “like this”, and after the words “I didn’t do this, and all the documents have with me” the novel was shown “for official use”. The main fear of the Muscovite was a reality: Ilya Mashkov was the owner of the apartment on Olonetsk Avenue since October 2018.

But Mashkov himself that he now has his own housing in Moscow, he learned from journalists. He is 39, he has two children, a son and a daughter, and also a wife with whom they have been together for 16 years. The last fifteen he was the driver of the locomotive, now works as a technician in a construction company. It also consists in the presidium of the city council of Ufa. On May 16, when Ilya found out about the apartment in Moscow, he was at an event dedicated to the family Day. At first, the children called him: "Dad, some man came, asked you, we did not open the door." Then mom: "Then they came with REN TV." Ilya did not surprise Ilya: you never know, they wanted to learn more about his hobbies. But my mother did not finish: “They asked if I were aware that my son has an apartment in Moscow.”

The journalists found Ilya by surprise. And to give endless interviews on this subject he is just tired: “Want to understand how I felt at that moment? Imagine that television people burst for you, shoot everything quietly and put you a fraudster. ”

Acceleration of this case was given the post of colleague of Roman Svetlana on Facebook. Around the story, a hype quickly rose. She played Roman in the hand. Now Saltovsky felt like a superstar. In just a couple of days, he managed to appear on several federal channels and was used to answering calls from unfamiliar numbers to give an interview. So Ilya managed to get through to him.

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- Hello, this is Ilya Mashkov, around whom all is a hype. Did you apply to the police?
- Certainly.
“Could you pick it up?” I did not take anything, I don’t need anything, let me just reinforce the apartment back to you.
- If you are not to blame for anything, then there is nothing to worry about.

Ilya could only wait for the notice and fight off from journalists, but for the novel everything was just beginning: he had an unforgettable journey through state structures. “In the first week, I did not appear at work at all, then I came in a day,” he recalls. “All this lasted almost a month.”

Saltovsky went to Rosreestr on Timiryazevskaya. Having studied the pile of novel documents, the young man in the window said that he needs to consult. Five to ten minutes later, the employees finally came to the decision: "We can’t help." All documents confirmed that Roman himself sold an apartment and even managed to do it without a notary. They did not see anything strange in such a deal in the Rosreestr, and Saltovsky was sent to court.

For a person who was there for the first time, everything was quite simple. The novel was asked to write a statement in free form and wait. But his free form was not suitable for an employee of the office.

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The next destination was the district police department. There Roman met the investigator, he listened to him, wrote everything: "We will understand." Saltovsky himself continued to understand - now with a lawyer. Only then, finally, it turned out that the novel signed the sales contract with an electronic digital signature.

Electronic digital signature (EDS) - an analogue of the usual signature, encrypted login and password that allow you to sign and draw up all documents in electronic form and carry out transactions without intermediaries. Given the EDS on the flash drive personally into the hands of the owner in certifying centers. There are hundreds in Russia in Russia, many of them are non -state, and everyone has their own scheme. Some require a passport and SNILS personally, in others there are enough scans and power of attorney. This is what scammers use. Just a month after the history of the novel and Ilya, the scheme with the theft of an apartment in the EDP was turned again. Now Mikhail Belousov was left without housing. He found out about this when he tried to issue a parking lot at the place of residence. The circuit with the EDP works perfectly: if you first “give” the real estate, and then “sell” a couple of times, it will not work to return it. The Internet remembers everything, but here it is more likely playing against you: the state registrar will approve the deal, the authenticity of the signatures will be confirmed, and in case of gift it will be possible to do without a notary.

About the same in May last year, the husband and wife overnight became directors of several LLCs at once. “As it turned out, two“ oooh ”2-week and 3-day freshness hang on me, and I am their general director and founder. I went to understand, wrote a statement to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, wrote a statement to the tax office, from where I later found out that the companies are registered with the help of an EDP, ”the author writes in his post. However, in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, this did not surprise anyone: they have such cases of 17 pieces per week. But if the company has problems, for example, with a tax, it will have to be responsible for everything to whom it is issued.

Saltovsky, meanwhile, went to the Internal Affairs Directorate on Petrovka, 38. It turned out to be another detail: the novel did not sell his apartment - he gave it, which was confirmed by a copy of the contract. But whether the original exists, no one still knows: the document with the signatures of both men was already in electronic form in Rosreestr. “I was sent 200 or 300 pages of case file,” says Ilya Mashkov. “Everywhere there were my signatures, by hand.” The novel recalls that they were all different and as if not at all: "One was like mine, but modern, and not the one in the passport." At that moment, everyone was finally confused.

The novel went to the Internal Affairs Directorate on the Love Waters. There he was immediately recognized as a victim. “A simple person from the street would hardly be so lucky. Apparently, the media helped me. " Therefore, at some point, the head of the Unified EDS center tried to contact him: “I wanted to talk personally, then I decided to send someone to me, and then they merged safely.” But the novel was no longer stopped. Once someone received this signature somewhere. And he went to the center of extradition to Sviblovo.

- From us you did not receive anything.
-You do not have, but where?
- We cannot help. We do not have a single base.

The final point was the prosecutor's office of the Babushkinsky district, where they refused to accept the statement of the novel: "The prosecutor simply did not want to - and that’s it." They decided to send Saltovsky to the previous circle, but the state of affect gave him strength. The document was accepted "at the insistence of the applicant." It was a victory.

And then, finally, the first conversation (“Not a meeting, but a conversation”) in a court, to which Ilya Mashkov, however, does not come: there is no money for the road. The judge says that the personal presence of Mashkov is not necessarily and enough a written statement. The circle "everything can be done remotely" closes. But now only June. All the same will happen in July, August and September. The novel, meanwhile, continues to attack technologies: everywhere he is haunted by the advertisement "get an EDP for only 4,500 rubles." By the way, he once received his electronic signature for free. But they could not help him anywhere.

The first one is a kind, but an absolutely meaningless crime

“We hear this for the first time,” this phrase accompanied the novel throughout all its ordeals. “When I found out about the EDP, at first I thought that I received it and just forgot it-we are constantly making something,” the hero shares. And later the novel dawned on the novel: in September 2018, a month before he “gave” the apartment Ilya, his personal account on the “public services” tried to hack. But in technical support they said that “anomalous actions were not recorded,” and he calmed down, only just in case he changed his password.

Why did they not do anything with the apartment for more than six months and what did they want to achieve at all? Why did all the documents first succeeded that the novel sold the apartment, and then suddenly it turned out that he gave it? Why were all the signatures of both men different and where did they come from? Why didn’t the investigator try to contact the Rosreestr’s employee, whose surname is indicated in the contract? Why did the apartment belonged to Mashkov since October 2018, but his last name appeared only in the May payment? Why did you choose this particular apartment - inexpensive and with two people registered in it? Why is Roman from Moscow and Ilya from Ufa?

This crime (is a crime?) Was the first over 17 years of the existence of the EDS, but no one wants to answer questions. But there are a dozen versions that it was a conspiracy (there were only without Trump and aliens). Someone believes that this was set up by intermediaries-registrars, to which realtors often contact. This is a huge business, and, of course, electronic registration here only spoils everything. Therefore, the resonance of such "businessmen" was only at hand. But Roman all this seems like a nonsense: “If the apartment was stolen from Ernst, this could be understood, but I am an ordinary person who lives an ordinary life. Who am I, even as an employee of Channel One? How could they know for sure that there will be so much noise? "

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The second version was expressed by Kamil Fazlyev from the Public Council under the Office of Rosreestr in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Roman met her during the broadcast of Moscow. According to her, Ufa no coincidence became one of the places of action, because the capital of Bashkiria is a leader in electronic registration. “She immediately began to drive me, said that this is a dirty PR campaign, and I am an abrupt duck from Channel One,” says Roman. “Even if this is so, against the background of everything that happened, Ufa looks more like an Easter man to furnish everything more poial.”

There was also an option that this is a showdown of special services. Now the accreditation of certifying centers where the EDS is issued, controls the FSB, but the novel suggests that this “electronic piece of cake” may want to take the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Someone considered that this was an attempt to lobby for the initiative of Rostec, where in the spring of 2019 they announced plans to create the largest certification center in Russia and radically transform the system of issuance of the digital signature. There was a version about the conspiracy of employees of certifying centers. Of course, they did not understand all this.

But back in July, the State Duma passed the law . Now, if the transaction is carried out in electronic form, then the owner must declare this personally or by mail. The problem is that today the centers of issuing the EDP is about five hundred throughout the country, and no one controls them especially. It is possible that you already have such a signature and you should run through all these offices to check it.

"I wanted to yell"

October 4, 2019. The last meeting in the case of the rent of an apartment on the EDS. Ilya sent the testimony certified by the notary, they were accepted in court, soon this story will end and the gift agreement will be canceled. But the judge is in a hurry somewhere-or maybe she’s just tired. Six months were supposed to fly before the eyes of the novel in three minutes. But he could not make out a word from what the judge said in a hurry.

These few months Roman and Ilya will remember forever. “It seems that while we collected all the necessary documents in the right form, I lost another ten kilograms,” says Roman. “I wanted to yell.” At first everyone tried to act together, they were constantly in touch, but at some point they just stopped trusting each other. Ilya - Roman, Roman - Ilya, the judge - to everyone: “How do I know that you didn’t come up with all this?”, “Who do you have Mashkov?”, “Where did you get his phone number?”

The court in the civil case finally ended, the deal was declared invalid. The electronic signature of the novel was deleted. Although Rosreestr for some reason considered it a legal entity, not an individual. According to officials, there are no guilty in this situation. As there is no data that they could provide to help to finish the matter. The criminal case continues, but most likely, it will not negate after the statute of limitations. The new investigator never got in touch with the novel. Saltovsky does not even know his name.

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But, as his mother said, in these six months he made many discoveries about people. For example, when they wrote to Business FM (now the heading of the publication has already been changed) that the apartment of the novel is located on Tverskaya, he found out what persecution is. Readers reasoned that since it was so, then everything is in fairness: “We know where these people got money. It serves him right!" The novel was not ready for the back of Glory: “I don’t even have social networks, but now my photo, phone number, and even anyone can find the address. So also the fire. " When it ends, Saltovsky will finally be able to delete all correspondence, photos and change the passport. “I can’t say that I used to scatter my data here and there. There is just a threat always, but do not wear a cap of foil, ”he notes. “Now, if I understood why they had chosen me, then I would probably be frightened.”

Ilya Mashkov, on the other hand, is still versed in his linden signature, he only had time for this only now. “You either give permission to process personal data, or you are afraid that they will not give you a loan,” he argues. For him, this story also turned into the best way. In Ufa, Ilya is now considered a fraudster. But he is not going to prove anything: "What other people think about me is absolutely parallel to me." Mashkov is really not up to this: because of what happened, he was almost fired from work, but everything worked out. But with his wife - no: she left. During the trials, relations between them were divided. Mashkov himself believes that the story of the signature has become one of the decisive factors of the divorce.

Why did this happen to them and who is to blame? “I put myself in the place of Ilya and cannot consider him a fraudster,” Roman argues. - I did nothing, I am not to blame for anything and I can believe that he is too. There can be hundreds of such cases in Russia, they simply do not still know about these gifts. Or their affairs were not given the move. So you can give half the country. ”

But Roman again became close to his father. When he moved away from his parents in 2010, all their communication came down to “Hello-Poka” in Wotsap. The theft of the apartment united them, they began to spend more time together. Maybe this is the point of everything that happened?