Berdyaev isolate five types of civilization in the thousand -year history of Russia: Kievan, Russia of the Tatar period, Moscow, Russia, Petrovskaya, imperial Russia, and, finally, new Soviet Russia. The last period, however, is significantly different from the first four. If in all previous periods Russia remained Russia, and the Russian people - the Russian people, then in the Bolshevik period, Russia turned into the USSR, and the Russian people into Soviet.