It is believed that the price ceiling introduced in December for Russian oil works perfectly: oil is sold with a significant discount, and the revenues of the Russian budget fall. However, the conditions and mechanisms of the supply of Russian oil to the ports of India are significantly different from the conditions of previous European supplies. And if earlier the price of oil in real contracts was quite transparent, now the possibilities for independent assessments are reduced.

It might seem that the price cap on Russian oil, introduced in December, is working exactly as intended: oil is selling at a significantly discounted price, and Russian budget revenues are falling. However, the conditions of and mechanisms for the supply of Russian oil to Indian ports differ from those of former shipments to European ports. The price of oil in real contracts used to be somewhat transparent, but now the scope for independent evaluation has dissipated.

Over the past year, Russia launched more than 16 thousand attacks on Ukraine, about 4.5 thousand of them with high-precision missiles. In 2022, bypassing all sanctions, Russia continued to import electronics for the production of precision missiles, drones and other military equipment. Since the summer, one after another, investigations from foreign analytical centers have appeared on what chips and how Moscow continues to purchase from the West.

Over the past year, Russia has carried out more than 16,000 strikes on Ukraine, 4,500 of which were done using precision-guided missiles. In 2022, in circumvention of all sanctions, it continued to import electronics for the production of precision-guided missiles, drones and other military equipment. Since the summer, there have been numerous investigations carried out by foreign analytical centres that have focused on the type of microchips Moscow has continued to purchase from the West.