Since Brezhnev's times, the cult of victory as a passing banner has remained a tool for legitimizing the existing political order, mimicking and absorbing its dominant ideologies. In the 1990s, he pointed out the organic nature of the new regime in the context of Russian history, connecting its different eras and emphasizing the role that Russia played in their common historical past with Europe.

Since the Brezhnev era, the cult of victory has remained a tool for legitimising the existing political order, adapting to and absorbing its dominant ideological narratives. In the 1990s, it served to underscore the organic nature of the new regime within the context of Russian history, linking its various eras and highlighting the role Russia played in the shared historical past with Europe.

Since 2025, language policy in Russia has become part of an ideological project aimed at indoctrinating the population and promoting ‘traditional values’ and cultural isolationism.

Unlike the classic period of Putin’s authoritarianism, the current regime of “military Putinism” relies on a combination of repression and ideological propaganda. At the center of his ideological narrative is the image of a country - a “besieged fortress”, in a state of existential conflict with the “West” and remaining a stronghold of “traditional values”, the purposeful destruction of which world “liberalism” is engaged in.

Since 2025, language policy in Russia has become part of an ideological project of indoctrination of the population and the inculcation of “traditional values” and cultural isolationism.

Unlike the classic period of Putin’s authoritarianism, the current model of ‘military Putinism’ rests on a combination of repression and ideological propaganda. At the core of its narrative lies the image of the country as a ‘besieged fortress’, engaged in an existential conflict with the ‘West’ and serving as a bastion of ‘traditional values’, which global ‘liberalism’ is purportedly seeking to dismantle.