The mobilisation of society in the face of external aggression tends to lead to a rise in trust towards governmental and public institutions, as well as interpersonal trust. However, a protracted conflict brings about the opposite effect: the 'rally round the flag' sentiment fades, and differing experiences of the war give rise to distinct societal groups.

The mobilization of society in conditions of external aggression leads to an increase in both trust in state and public institutions and interpersonal trust. However, a protracted conflict has the opposite effect: rallies around the flag fizzle out, and different experiences of war form different groups in society. Among those who suffered more from hostilities, interpersonal trust declines, while residents of safer regions maintain its previous level.

Negotiations in Istanbul are taking place according to Moscow's script, which suggests that a discussion of the Kremlin's demands must precede a ceasefire. This was the result of another concession from Trump, who departed from the position previously agreed with Ukraine and Europe, which was based on the reverse sequence. The second round of negotiations was not much different from the first. But now the parties have presented their irreconcilable positions in the form of memoranda.

The negotiations in Istanbul are unfolding according to Moscow’s script, which dictates that discussion of the Kremlin’s demands must precede any ceasefire. This is the result of yet another concession by Trump, who has deviated from the previously agreed position with Ukraine and Europe, which had called for the reverse sequence. The second round of talks differed little from the first. However, this time both sides presented their irreconcilable positions in the form of memoranda.