The introduction of sanctions against Russia’s largest oil companies, Rosneft and Lukoil, has marked a turning point in Donald Trump’s policy. Having moved away from the idea of tariff-based pressure, he has returned to the sanctions logic typical of Joe Biden’s administration. This strategy appears less ambitious, but more realistic. The current sanctions policy is not designed to block the sanctioned country's supplies to markets all at once. This could lead to their sharp destabilisation.

Over four years of war and extensive financial sanctions, Russia has constructed an alternative system of settlements for foreign trade that services the economy and trade flows totalling more than $700 billion with relative success.

The introduction of sanctions against the largest Russian oil companies - Rosneft and Lukoil - marked a turn in Donald Trump's policy. From the ideas of tariff pressure, he returned to the logic of sanctions characteristic of the Joe Biden administration. This strategy appears less ambitious but more realistic. Modern sanctions policy is not designed to simultaneously block the sanctioned country’s supplies to markets. This is fraught with their sharp destabilization.

Over the course of four years of war and widespread financial sanctions, Russia has built an alternative settlement system in foreign trade, relatively successfully serving the economy and trade turnover of over $700 billion.